Have you ever been robbed? Or had something you value forcibly taken from you against your will? It's violating. Feelings of fury, of assault and of helplessness. That's what corruption feels like. Corruption is theft. It is corrosive, it is criminal, it is toxic and it is predatory.
你有被搶劫過嗎? 或者有某樣東西你視若珍寶, 卻在你不情願的情況下被奪去? 那就是侵犯。 你會感到憤怒、飽受攻擊, 而且無助。 貪腐就是這種感覺。 貪腐就是竊盜。 它具有侵蝕性, 是種犯罪, 它有毒, 而且具有掠奪性。
Now, I'm from Kenya, and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms. I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you. This is my hometown of Nairobi. I love Nairobi. It's beautiful. But it is a city of paradoxes. It is at once beautiful and challenging. But at the heart of this beautiful city that I call home is Karura Forest, an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere. We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption. Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai, that Karura Forest is under attack. There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest. Government officials had stolen the forest. They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura to their friends and cronies.
我來自肯亞, 在肯亞,貪腐的形式不同。 我想跟各位分享一個 關於卡魯拉森林的故事。 這是我的家鄉奈洛比。 我愛奈洛比。它很美麗。 但它是個充滿矛盾的城市。 奈洛比既美麗, 又富有挑戰性。 但這個美麗城市的核心, 也就是我的家鄉, 是卡魯拉森林, 它是一片廣大又翠綠的美麗綠洲, 足以讓任何地方的城市嫉妒。 因為貪腐,我們幾乎 失去了卡魯拉森林。 我母親旺加里馬塔伊聽說 卡魯拉森林正在遭受攻擊。 森林的正中央即將變成一個工地。 政府官員偷走了這片森林。 他們將卡魯拉森林切為數百份, 瓜分、販售、贈予 給他們的朋友和親信。
Now in 1977, my mother founded the Green Belt Movement to plant trees across Kenya, restore green spaces and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest. She got together her friends and allies, and together, they created what became one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world. It was therefore no surprise that when word got to her that Karura was under attack, they immediately sprang into action. They battled police and hired goons to stop the theft of this forest. But fortunately, there was an uprising of support from the clergy, politicians, students and the general public, all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed. And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense for the authorities to subdue. And Karura Forest was saved.
在1977 年, 我母親發起了綠帶運動, 在肯亞各地種樹, 恢復綠色空間, 並保護像卡魯拉森林 這樣的綠色空間。 她集結了她的朋友和盟友, 他們一起創造的這個活動, 後來成為世界上 最成功的種樹活動之一。 因此這並不意外, 當她聽到卡魯拉森林受到攻擊時, 他們馬上採取行動。 他們對抗警方、受僱的暴徒, 試圖阻止他們偷走這片森林。 幸運的是,有其他人 也站出來表示支持, 有神職人員、政治家、 學生,和一般大眾, 他們全都站出來, 對腐敗和貪婪說不。 很快的,這些支持變得十分強大, 讓當權機關無法壓制。 最終,卡魯拉森林得救了。
In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities, its expansion beyond Kenya and an extremely important growing consensus around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received -- that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked. I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago trying to protect Karura Forest was not an isolated incident. The corruption and greed that manifested itself then is alive and well today, from greedy politicians and public servants willing to loot public coffers at their expense.
在 2000 年代,我加入 我母親的綠帶運動, 見證了這項運動所倡導的活動 不斷成長茁壯, 並擴展到肯亞以外的地方, 在她得到了 2004 年 諾貝爾和平獎時, 更激起了一種 極為重要的共識—— 環境、民主、和平密不可分。 我也了解到,多年前, 我母親試圖保護 卡魯拉森林時所面臨的狀況 並不是個獨立事件。 當時顯露出的腐敗和貪婪 至今仍然活得很好, 從貪婪的政客到公職人員, 他們願意付出代價 去掠劫國庫。
Corruption is everywhere. Now, corruption is devastating to any economy, democracy and the environment. It robs citizens of vital social services and renders human life worthless. When young men are willing to join gangs and brutalize their communities for a small fee, and women are raped on the way to work, and, when they report this, the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail, and when young girls have to sell their bodies to buy sanitary towels, you know the society is broken.
貪腐無所不在。 貪腐對任何經濟、民主,及環境, 都有很大的破壞性。 它會搶走人民的重要社會服務, 使得人命一文不值。 當年輕人自願 去加入幫派, 只為取得一點錢 就殘酷對待他們的社區, 當女性在去工作的路上被強暴, 且她們舉報之後, 這些犯罪者卻能用賄賂 躲避牢獄之災, 當年輕女孩必須要出賣自己的身體 才能買到衛生棉, 你就知道這個社會出問題了。
In recent years, Kenya has been ranked amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world. Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses a third of her national budget to corruption each year. That is six billion dollars. It is totally unacceptable. In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored and interfered with, we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice. We cannot complain forever. We either decide that we're going to live with it or we are going to change it.
近年來,在世界上 最腐敗的國家排行榜上, 肯亞一直位居前十。 更讓我感到挫折的是, 肯亞因為貪腐,每年會 失去三分之一的國家預算。 也就是六十億美金。 這讓人完全無法接受。 在這個國家,為反貪腐所做的努力 一直很挫敗、被忽視,且被干預, 我們絕對需要新的策略 來處理這種惡習。 我們不能永遠都在抱怨。 我們可以選擇繼續忍受它, 或者去改變它。
There's some good news. Human beings are not born corrupt. At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture that promotes individual gain over collective progress. So if we're going to uproot corruption, we have got to start before it ever takes root. We have got to intervene early. I don't know about your country, but where I come from, youth will lead us into the future.
這有一些好消息。 人類並不是生出來就會貪腐。 在某個時點,文化促成了這些 讓個人利益凌駕在 集體進步之上的行為。 如果我們想根除貪腐, 就必須要在它生根之前著手。 我們必須要儘早干預。 我不知道各位的國家如何, 但在我的家鄉, 年輕人會領導我們走入未來。
In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35. But by their own admission, they have conflicting values. Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us they will do anything to make money. An additional 45 percent said corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business. Seventy-three percent said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in for fear of retribution.
現今在肯亞,有八成的 人口不到三十五歲。 但,他們自己也承認, 他們的價值觀互相衝突。 近期有 58% 的肯亞年輕人 告訴我們,他們願不計代價來賺錢。 還有另外 45% 說 貪腐是做生意的正當工具。 73% 說他們不願意 為他們的信念站出來, 因為他們害怕報復。
What I learned from my mother a few years ago was this concept of "the power of one" -- that each of us can be potent agents of change and that together, we are a force, that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation and no problem is too big. My mother understood this so profoundly that it was at the center of her work. Shifting cultures takes patience, persistence and commitment, and it is extremely slow and deep work. But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started. And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name to do exactly that but to work with young people and children to begin to build character and personal leadership, to inspire purpose and integrity. But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad.
幾年前, 我從我母親那裡學到 「一個人的力量」這個概念—— 我們每一個人都是 能夠帶來改變的媒介, 同心協力,我們會成為一股勢力, 如果我們能手牽手, 我們就能改變情況, 沒有問題會大到無法解決。 我母親非常深切了解這個概念, 那是她工作的核心概念。 轉變文化需要耐心、 堅持,和承諾, 且這是緩慢又深入的工作。 但,如果我們打算要改變文化, 我們就得要開始動手。 她過世後,我們用她的名字 成立了一個基金會來做這件事, 但我們要和年輕人及孩子合作, 開始打造品格和個人領導能力, 激勵他們要有目標和要正直。 但,說貪腐不好很容易, 要對抗貪腐就沒那麼容易了。
Now, here are three strategies that we are employing that we believe can be replicated in any school community. First, we must understand the why: Why does corruption happen in the first place? Do we call it for what it is -- theft -- or do we gloss over it with other words? When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like to deal with corruption, they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future, to model what they've been taught.
我們採用了三項策略, 我們相信這些策略也能 套用到任何學校團體。 第一,我們必須要了解為什麼: 最初為什麼會發生貪腐? 我們會直接用它的本質 來稱呼它——偷竊—— 或者我們會用其他字詞來掩飾它? 當孩子能夠了解處理 貪腐看起來、感覺起來 是什麼樣子的,並模仿學習, 在未來面對兩難時,他們就有可能 做到學以致用。
Second, we need to teach character explicitly. Now, this may seem obvious, but a child who exhibits a growth mindset and a sense of self-control is self-confident. And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe.
第二,我們必須要明確教導品格。 這點可能不用說也知道, 但孩子的心態以及自我控制感 若能有所成長, 他們就會有自信。 有自信的孩子就有可能 會為自己的信念站出來。
第三,
Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like to call corruption out when they see it, what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed and, for me, to make the more and most important connection between human suffering on one hand and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other.
我們要盡早幫孩子 建立個人領導能力, 讓他們有機會知道,在看見貪腐時 大聲說出來會是什麼樣子的, 在被需要時他們能夠站出來 成為依靠,是什麼樣的感受, 還有,對我來說, 要建立最重要的連結, 將人類苦難的這一端, 和腐敗、貪婪、自私的 另一端連結起來。
We have got to believe in our capacity to bring about the future we want to see, each of us in our small way. Young people must believe that a new reality is possible. Corruption, climate change, ecosystem collapse, biodiversity loss -- all these issues need leadership.
我們必須要相信我們有能力 帶來我們所期望的未來, 每個人都可以盡一份力。 年輕人必須要相信 創造新的現實是有可能的。 貪腐、氣候變遷、 生態系統崩壞、 生物多樣性減少—— 所有這些議題都需要領導能力。
And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal, "In the final analysis, we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand and we will understand only what we are taught."
塞內加爾的巴巴迪奧姆說過: 「歸根究底, 我們會去保有的, 只有我們所愛的; 我們會去愛的, 只有我們了解的; 而我們會去了解的, 只有我們曾被教導過的。」
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)