Welcome to 10,000 feet. Let me explain why we are here and why some of you have a pine cone close to you. Once upon a time, I did a book called "How Buildings Learn." Today's event you might call "How Mountains Teach." A little background: For 10 years I've been trying to figure out how to hack civilization so that we can get long-term thinking to be automatic and common instead of difficult and rare -- or in some cases, non-existent. It would be helpful if humanity got into the habit of thinking of the now not just as next week or next quarter, but you know, next 10,000 years and the last 10,000 years -- basically civilization's story so far.
Bine ati venit la 3 000 de metri. Va rog sa-mi permiteti sa va explic motivul pentru care suntem aici si de ce unii dintre voi au un con de pin langa ei. Cu mult timp in urma am scris o carte intitulata "Cum invata edificiile" Prezentarea de astazi se poate numi "Cum predau muntii" Un pic de istorie: In ultimii 10 ani am incercat sa gasesc o cale de a impulsiona umanitatea spre o gandire pe termen lung care sa fie automata si la ordinea zilei in loc sa fie o activitate dificila si neobisnuita sau, cum se intampla in unele cazuri, inexistenta. Ar fi util daca umanitatea s-ar obisnui sa gandeasca nu numai in 'acum' sau in 'saptamana viitoare' sau 'trimestrul viitor' ci si in urmatorii, sa zicem, 10 000 de ani sau in ultimii 10 000 de ani practic perioada care reprezinta de fapt istoria civilizatiei umane pana in prezent.
So we have the Long Now Foundation in San Francisco. It's an incubator for about a dozen projects, all having to do with continuity over the long term. Our core project is a rather ambitious folly -- I suppose, a mythic undertaking: to build a 10,000-year clock that can really keep good time for that long a period. And the design problems of a project like that are just absolutely delicious. Go to the clock. And what we have here is something many of you saw here three years ago. It's the first working prototype of the clock. It's about nine feet high. Designed by Danny Hillis and Alexander Rose. It's presently in London, and is ticking away very deliberately at the science museum there.
Asa ca am pus bazele proiectului Long Now in San Francisco, Este un proiect-pepiniera pentru o duzina de alte proiecte toate relationate cu continuitatea pe termen lung. Proiectul nostru de baza este mai degraba unul nebun si ambitios, un proiect de proportii mitice: sa construim un ceas care sa functioneze de-adevarat si cu precizie timp de 10 000 de ani. Iar problemele relationate cu acest proiect sunt pur si simplu delicioase. Hai sa mergem la ceas. Ceea ce vedeti aici este ceea ce multi dintre voi ati vazut deja acum trei ani. Este primul prototip functional. Are aproape 9 metri. Ideat de Danny Hillis si Alexander Rose, se afla in Londra si functioneaza intr-un ritm corespunzator in Muzeul de Stiinte.
So the design problem for today is going to be, how do you house an eventual monumental clock like this so it can really tick, save time beautifully for 100 centuries? Well, this was the first solution. Alexander Rose came up with this idea of a spiraloid tower with continuous sloping ramps. And it looked like a way to go, until you start thinking about, what does deep time do to a building? Well, this is what deep time does to a building. This is the Parthenon. It's only 2,450 years old, and look what happened to it. Here's a beautiful project. They really knew it'd last forever, because they'd build it out of absolutely huge stones. And now it's a pathetic ruin and no one even knows what it was used for. That's what happens to buildings. They're vulnerable. Even the most durable and intactable buildings, like the pyramids of Giza, are in bad shape when you look up close. They've been looted inside and out. And they're built to protect things but they don't protect things.
Problema de design pe care o prezentam azi este: unde sa situezi un ceas atat de monumental care realmente sa functioneze si sa reziste la intemperii urmatoarele 100 de secole? Bun, asta a fost prima solutie data. Alexander Rose a venit cu idea unui turn in spirala cu versanti descendenti. Si parea o idea buna pana cand am inceput sa ne deam seama de cum afecteaza timpul o cladire. Pai uitati, asta este ceea ce se intampla cu cladirile pe timp indelungat. Acesta este Partenonul Are doar 2 450 de ani si uitati ceea ce i s-a intamplat. Aici avem alt proiect minunat.Stiau cu siguranta ca va dura pentru totdeauna pentru ca l-au construit in intregime din uriase columne de piatra. Iar acum este o ruina intr-o stare jalnica caruia nici macar nu-i stim folosul. Asta este ceea ce li se intampla cladirilor. Sunt vulnerabile. Chiar si cele mai durabile si indestructiblile cladiri ca de exemplu piramidele din Giza, se afla intr-o stare proasta mai ales cand le privesti de-aproape. Au fost jefuite pe dinauntru si pe dinafara. Si au fost construite pentru a proteja, dar nu pot sa o faca.
So we got to thinking, if you can't put things safely in a building, where can you safely put them? We thought, OK, underground. How about underground with a view? Underground in a place that's really solid. So the obvious answer was, we need a mountain. You don't want just any mountain. You need absolutely the right mountain if you're going to have a clock for 10,000 years. So here's an image of the long view of the search problem. And we got to thinking for various reasons it ought to be a desert mountain, so we got looking in the dry areas of the Southwest. We looked at mesas in New Mexico. We were looking at dead volcanoes in Arizona.
Asa ca, daca nu poti sa situezi ceva intr-o cladire si sa fie in siguranta unde ai putea sa o faci? Pai bine, sub pamant. Ce-ai zice daca ar fi sub pamant dar si cu vedere in afara? Sub pamant intr-un zona foarte solida. Asa ca era clar ca raspunsul este: Avem nevoie de un munte. Dar nu orice munte. Avem nevoie de cel mai perfect munte mai ales daca pui acolo un ceas pentru urmatorii 10 000 de ani. Asa ca puteti vedea in acesta imagine locul de unde trebuia sa incepem sa cautam. Si din cauza multor motive trebuia sa fie un munte intr-un desert, asa ca am inceput sa cautam in zonele secetoase din sud-vest. Am cautat si in mesetele din New Mexico. Am luat in considerare si vulcanii morti din Arizona.
Then Roger Kennedy, who was the director of the National Parks Service, led us to Eastern Nevada, to America's newest and oldest national park, which is called Great Basin National Park. It's right on the eastern border of Nevada. It's the highest range in the state -- over 13,000 feet. And you'll notice that on the left, on the left, on the west, it's very steep, and on the right it's gentle. This place is remote. It's over 200 miles from any major city. It's nowhere near any Interstate or railroad. And it's -- the only thing that goes by is what's called America's loneliest highway, U.S. 50.
Pana cand Roger Kennedy, care a fost directorul serviciului de parcuri nationale ne-a sugerat Nevada de est cu parcul national cel mai vechi dar si cel mai nou din America, si care se numeste parcul national Great Basin. Se gaseste chiar la frontiera de est al statului Nevada. Si este parcul statal aflat la cea mai mare altitudine, peste 3 900 de metri. Si puteti observa ca la stanga, inspre vest este foarte abrupt iar la dreapta este accesibil. Zona este foarte izolata. La mai mult de 300 de km de orice oras important. Nu exista nici un sosea interstatala si nici o cale ferata prin apropiere. Tot ce poti sa gasesti este U.S. 50, cea mai solitara sosea americana.
Now, inside the yellow line here, on the right is -- that's all national park. Inside the green line is national forest. And then over to the left is Bureau of Land Management land and some private land. Now, as it happened, that two-mile-long strip right in the middle, this vertical, was available because it was private land. And thanks to Jay Walker who was here and Mitch Kapor who was here, who started the process, Long Now was able to get that two-mile-long strip of land. And now let's look at the grand truth of what's there.
Aici, inconjurat de aceasta linie galbena, la dreapta, este parcul national. Inauntrul liniei verzi este padurea nationala. Iar aici, la stanga, ai Biroul de Gestiune a Terenurilor si cateva proprietati private. Asa ca intamplarea face ca, aceasta franja centrala verticala de 3 km de aici din mijloc sa fie disponibila si la vanzare. Si multumita lui Jay Walker si Mitch Kapor care au fost aici, si au participat in tot procesul, proiectul Long Now a obtinut aceasta franja. Acum sa ne concentram pe ceea ce avem aici de-adevaratelea.
We're in Pole Canyon, looking west up the western escarpment of Mount Washington, which is 11,600 feet on top. Those white cliffs are a dense Cambrian limestone. That's a 2,000-foot thick formation, and it might be a beautiful place to hide a clock. It would be a pilgrimage to get to it; it would be a serious hike to get up to where the clock is. So last June, the Long Now board, some staff and some donors and advisors, made a two-week expedition to the mountain to explore it and investigate, one, if it's the right mountain, and two, if it's the right mountain, how it might actually work for us.
Ne aflam in Pole Canyon, uitandu-ne inspre vest la versantul occidental al muntelui Washington de 3 500 de metri. Aceste stanci albe sunt conglomerate calcaroase din epoca Cambriana si se constituie intr-o formatiune groasa de 600 de metri care ar putea fi un loc potrivit unde sa ascunzi un ceas. Va trebui sa mergi in pelerinaj pana acolo,ar fi o drumetie serioasa ca sa ajungi pana unde este ceasul. Asa ca, in iunie, comisia proiectului Long Now, cativa din echipa, cativa sponsori si cativa consultanti, au organizat o expeditie de 2 saptamani pentru a explora si cerceta: 1.dace este muntele potrivit si 2.daca este muntele potrivit, cum se va adapta exact la planurile noastre.
Now Danny Hillis sort of framed the problem. He has a theory of how the overall clock experience should work. It's what he calls the seven stages of a mythic adventure. It starts with the image. The image is a picture you have in your mind of the goal at the end of the journey. In this case it might well be an image of the clock. Then there's the point of embarkation, that is, the point of transition from ordinary life to being a pilgrim on a quest. Then -- this is a nice image of it, there's the labyrinth. The labyrinth is a concept, it's like a twilight zone, it's a place where it's difficult, where you get disoriented, maybe you get scared -- but you have to go through it if you're going to get to some kind of deep reintegration. Then there should always be in sight the draw -- a kind of a beacon that draws you on through the labyrinth to finish the process of getting there.
Danny Hillis este cel care a pus urmatoarea problema. El are o teorie generala asupra modului in care ceasul ar trebui sa functioneze. Si a echivalat-o cu o aventura mitica in 7 etape. Incepe cu IMAGINEA. Imaginea este ceea ce tu ai construit in mintea ta ca fiind obiectul final al acestei aventuri. In acest caz ar putea sa fie foarte bine vorba despre o imagine a ceasului. Urmeaza momentul IMBARCARII, care este un punct de tranzitie de la o viata obisnuita la un pelegrinaj plin de aventuri. Dupa aceea-aceasta etapa este una frumoasa-vine LABIRINTUL. Labirintul este un concept, este ca o zona crepusculara, este un loc unde totul devine dificil, unde te dezorientezi inclusiv te sperii, dar este o etapa prin care trebuie sa treci daca vrei sa mergi pana la sfarsit. Urmeaza OBIECTIVUL, ceva pe care sa il ai permanent in vedere, un fel de far care sa te atraga prin labirint si sa te ghideze inspre punctul final.
Now Brian Eno, who's been in the thick of the Long Now process, spent two years making a C.D. called "January 7003," and it's "Bell Studies for the Clock of the Long Now." Based on -- parts of it are based on an algorithm that Danny Hillis developed, so that a peal of 10 bells makes a different peal every day for 10,000 years. The Hillis algorithm. 10 factorial gives you that number. And in fact, pretty soon we'll hear the sound. January 7003. There it is.
Brian Eno, care s-a implicat profund in acest proces a dedicat 2 ani unui CD pa care l-a intitulat Ianuarie 7003 si care consiste in "Studii de Clopot pentru ceasul din Long Now" Se bazeaza pe -- parte se bazeaza pe un algoritm construit de Danny Hillis in asa fel incat,cele 10 clopote care produc sunetul final sa creeze un sunet unic in fiecare zi timp de 10 000 de ani. Algoritmul lui Hillis.Factorial de 10 iti da numarul (3.628.800) Si de fapt, putem sa ascultam acest sunet. Ascultati 7003.
OK, back to Danny's list. Number five of the seven is the payoff. This is it. The climax. The goal. The main thing that you're trying to get to. And then Danny says a really great journey will have a secret payoff. Something you didn't expect that caps what you did expect. Then there's the return. You've got to have a gradual return to the ordinary world, so you have time to assimilate what you've learned. And then, how about a memento? Number seven. At the end of it there's something physical, a kind of reward that you take away. It might be a piece of a core drill of the mountain. Something that's just yours. How do you study a mountain for the kinds of things we're talking about? This is not a normal building project. What do you look for? What are the elements that will most affect your ideas and decisions?
Bun, haideti sa mergem inapoi la lista lui Danny. Etapa numarul 5 este RECOMPENSA. Este punctul culminant. Este telul fiecaruia, este ceea ce fiecare incearca sa obtina. Si aici Danny adauga recompensa secreta, pentru ca orice aventura care se respecta are una. Ceva neasteptat care supereaza tot ceea ce asteptai. Dupa aceea vine INTOARCEREA. Trebuie sa realizezi o intoarcere progresiva in lumea pe care o cunosti in asa fel incat sa ai timp sa asimilezi ceea ce ai invatat. Iar ultima etapa. Cum ti se pare o AMINTIRE? Etapa numarul 7. La sfarsit trebuie sa fie ceva palpabil, un fel de premiu pe care sa il iei cu tine. Poate sa fie o piatra de pe munte. Ceva care sa fie doar al tau. Asadar, cum se poate studia un munte din punctul de vedere a tuturor lucrurilor pe care le porpunem? Acest proiect nu este un proiect arhitectonic oarecare. Ce urmaresti exact? Care sunt elementele care vor afecta cel mai mult ideile si deciziile tale?
Start with borders. If you look on the left side of the cliffs here, that's national park. That's sacrosanct -- you can't do anything with that. To the right of it is national forest. There's possibilities. The borders are important. Other elements were mines, weather, approaches and elevation. And especially trees. Look at those things up on top there. It turns out that Mount Washington is covered with bristlecone pines. They're the world's oldest living thing. People think they're just the size of shrubs, but that's not actually true. There are trees on that mountain that are 5,000 years old and still living. The wood is so solid it's like stone, and it lasts for a long time. So when you do tree ring studies of trunks that are on the mountain, some of them go back 10,000 years. The stone itself is absolutely beautiful, sculpted by millennia of very tough winters up there. We had tree ring analysts from the University of Arizona join us on the expedition.
In primul rand, limitele. Daca va uitati de la stancile de aici la stanga vedeti parcul national. Asta e sfant, nu se poate atinge. La dreapta ai padurea nationala. Ai ceva posibilitati. Dar limitele sunt importante. Ai si alte elemente: minele, clima, caile de acces si altitudinea. Si in special arborii. Fixati-va pe aceste lucruri de aici de sus. Se pare ca muntele Washington este acoperit de Pinus longaeva care sunt pinii cei mai longevivi din lume. Multa lume crede ca sunt de talia unor arbusti dar nu este adevarat de loc. Ai copaci pe acest munte care au mai mult de 5 000 de ani si continua sa traiasca. Lemnul lor este foarte durabil si atat de dur ca par de piatra. Cand se studiaza inelele trunchiului acestor copaci de pe munte se ajunge si la datari de acum 10 000 de ani. Si piatra de pe acest munte este absolut minunata sculptata de milenii de ierni grozave de acolo de sus. Stim aceste lucruri pentru ca aveam analisti de inele de la Universitatea de Arizona cu noi.
Now, if you guys have a pine cone handy, now's a good time to put it in your hand and feel it, especially on the end. That's interesting. You'll find out why it's called a bristlecone pine. A little sensory experience. Here's Danny Hillis in the midst of a bristlecone pine forest on Long Now land. I should say that the age of bristlecones was discovered, led by a theory. Edmund Schulman in the 1950s had been studying trees under great stress at Timberline, and came to the realization that he put in an article in Science magazine called, "Longevity under Adversity in Conifers." And then, based on that principle, he started looking around at the various trees at Timberline, and realized that the bristlecone pines -- he found some in the White Mountains that were over 4,000 years old. Longevity under adversity is a pretty interesting design principle in its own right.
Daca aveti un con la indemana acum este momentul da a-l lua in mana si pipai, in special la extremitatea de sus. Este o senzatie curioasa. Acum ve-ti intelege de ce se numeste si pinul-arici. O mica experienta senzoriala. Aici il vedeti pe Danny Hillis in mijlocul padurii de pini de pe teritoriul proiectului Long Now. Trebuie sa spun ca varsta pinului-arici a fost descoperita datorita unei teorii. Edmund Schulman, in anii 50 a studiat acei copaci care se aflau sub presiune in conditii adverse si si-a dat seama ca ca ii poate prezenta intr-un articol, in revista "Science", articol intitulat " Longevitatea coniferelor in conditii adverse" Pe baza acestui principiu a inceput sa studieze diversi copaci aflati in teritorii adverse si si-a dat seama ca pinul-arici...- a descoperit in Muntii Albi astfel de pini batrani de mai bine de 4 mii de ani. Longevitatea in conditii adverse este un principiu de design interesant in el insusi.
OK, onto the mines. The first asking price for the property when we looked at it in 1998 was one billion dollars for 180 acres and a couple of mines. Because the owner said, "There's one billion dollars of beryllium in that mountain." And we said, "Wow, that's great. Listen, we'll counter. How about zero?
In fine, haideti la minele despre care va vorbeam. La inceput, ne-au cerut pe teren 1 000 de milioane de $ in 1998 pentru 70 de hectare si cateva mine. Vanzatorul terenului ne spunea: "Ai beriliu in muntii astia in valoare de 1 miliard de $!". Iar noi le-am raspuns:" Aha, fantastic! Mai bine invers; ce zici daca nu valoreaza nimic?"
(Laughter)
(Rasete)
And we're a non-profit foundation, you can give us the property and take a hell of a tax deduction.
Suntem o organizatie non-profit, voi ne dati pamantul si asa puteti obtine reducere a impozitului iesita din comun.
(Laughter)
(Rasete)
All you have to do is prove to the government it's worth a billion dollars."
"Tot ce trebuie sa faceti este sa ii demonstrati guvernului ca valoreaza 1 000 de milioane de $".
Well, a few years went by and there was some kind of back and forth, and by and by, thanks to Mitch and Jay, we were able to buy the whole property for 140,000 dollars. This is one of the mines. It doesn't have any beryllium in it. It's called the Pole Adit. And it does have tungsten, a little bit of tungsten, left over, that's the kind of mine it was. But it goes a mile-and-a-half in a straight line, due east into the range, into very interesting territory -- except that, as you'll see when we go inside in a minute, we were hoping for limestone but in there is just shale. And shale is not quite completely competent rock. Competent rock is rock that will hold itself up without any shoring. The shale would like some shoring, and so parts of it are caved in in there.
Bun, au trecut niste ani si cateva drumuri dus-intors, cand, dintr-o data, multumita lui Mitch si Jay am putut sa cumparam tot pamantul pe 140 000 de $. Aici vedeti una dintre mine. Nu are beriliu. Se numeste Access Pole dar are tungsten, A mai ramas un pic de tungsten . Cam de genul asta sunt minele. Are 2,5 km in linie dreapta, drept inspre lantul muntos in partea de est, o zona foarte interesanta cu exceptia faptului ca, asa cum veti putea vedea imediat cand intram inauntru, acolo unde ne asteptam sa gasim calcar, am gasit şisturi. Sistul nu este cea mai potrivita roca. Roca de calitate se auto-sustine, fara nici un fel de ajutor aditional. Sistul are nevoie de ajutor de aceea vedem parti care s-a daramat.
That's Ben Roberts from -- he's the bat specialist from the National Park. But there are many wonders back in there, like this weird fungus on some of the collapsed timbers. OK, here's another mine that's up on top of the property, and it dates back to 1870. That's what the property was originally built around -- it was a set of mining claims. It was a very productive silver mine. In fact, it was the highest-operating mine in Nevada, and it ran year round. You can imagine what it was like in the winter at 10,000 feet. You may recognize a couple of the miners there. There's Jeff Bezos on the right and Paul Saville on the left looking for galena, which is the lead-silver thing. They didn't find any. They both kept their day jobs. Here's the last mine.
Aici il vedeti pe Ben Roberts, specialistul parcului national in lilieci. Ai o groaza de minunatii acolo inauntru, ca de exemplu acest soi de ciuperca rara, ascunsa intr-una dintre schelele de lemn daramate. Bun, aici vedeti alta mina de pe proprietatea noastra care dateaza din 1870. Aici se vede cum a luat fiinta, ca parte a cerintelor miniere. A fost o mina de argint foarte productiva. De fapt a fost mina cea mai activa din statul Nevada si functiona tot anul. Imaginati-va ce insemna o iarna la 3 000 de metri. Aici puteti recunoaste cativa mineri. Il vedeti pe Jeff Bezos (fundatorul Amazon.com) la dreapta si Paul Saville la stanga, cautand galeniu, plumb si argint. Nu au gasit nimic. Dar ambii isi pastreaza jurnalele. Aici avem ultima mina.
It's called the Bonanza Adit. It's down in a canyon. And Alexander Rose on the left there worked with a bunch of people from the National Park to survey the whole mine. It's a mile deep. And they also found four species of bats in there. Now, almost all those mines, by the way, meet underneath the mountain. They don't quite, but it's something to think about. They don't quite meet. Let's go to weather. Mountains specialize in interesting weather. Way more interesting than Monterey even today.
Se numeste Acesso Bonanza. Se intinde pe dedesubtul unui canion. Alexander Rose, la stanga, a muncit impreuna cu un grup de persoane din parcul national ca sa exploreze mina in intregime. Are 1,6 km. Au descoperit 4 specii de lilieci. Si, apropo, aceste mine se conecteaza pe sub munte intre ele. De fapt nu e chiar asa dar este un detaliu la care ne gandim. Nu sunt conectate intre ele. Haideti sa vorbim despre clima. Muntii au o clima foarte deosebita, mult mai interesanta decat cea din Monterrey in momentul de fata.
And so one Tuesday morning last June, there we were. Woke up in the morning -- the mountain was covered with snow. That was a great time to go up and visit our weather station which again, thanks to Mitch Kapor, we're building up there. And it's a pretty interesting scene. This is, on the left there, the joyful lady is Pat Irwin, who's the regional head of the National Forest Service, and they gave us the temporary use permit to be there. We want a temporary use permit for the clock, eventually -- 10,000-year temporary use permit.
Deci, un marti de dimineata in iulie anul trecut eram acolo. Ne-am trezit de dimineata acolo, pe munte, si l-am vazut acoperit de zapada. Era o zi perfecta ca sa urcam si sa ne vedem statiunea meteorologica, care, inca o data datorita lui Mitch Kapor, era pe terminate acolo sus. Am dat peste o scena destul de interesanta. La stanga o avem pe voioasa doamna Pat Irwin sefa regionala a serviciului de paduri nationale care ne-a permis sa stam acolo pe termen limitat. Noi voiam un permis temporar pentru ceas, un permis de 10 000 de ani.
(Laughter)
(Rasete)
The weather station's pretty interesting. Kurt Bollacker and Alexander Rose designed a radically wireless station. It runs on solar, and it sends a signal with that antenna and bounces it off of micrometeorite trails in the atmosphere to a place in Bozeman, Montana, where the data is taken down and then sent through landlines to San Francisco, where we put the data in real time up on our website. And there you see a week of weather at 9,400 feet on Mount Washington. Let's go to approaches. As it happens, there are no trails anywhere on Mount Washington, just a few old mining roads like this, so you have to bushwhack everywhere. But there's no bears, and there's no poison oak, and there's basically no people because this place has been empty for a long time. You can hike for days and not encounter anybody.
Statiunea meteorologica este destul de interesanta. Kurt Bollacker si Alexander Rose au gandit o statiune inalambrica. Este solara si emite cu ajutorul unei antene care trimite semnalele in atmosfera, de unde, reflectate de microscopicele resturi de micrometeoriti, se dirijeaza inspre Bozeman, in Montana, unde se descarca sub forma de date si se retransmit prin telefonia fixa catre San Francisco unde, le postam in timp real pe pagina site-ului nostru web. Aici aveti o saptamana de clima la altitudinea de 2800 de metri de pe muntele Washington. Haideti sa vorbim despre caile de acces. Situatia este ca nu ai drumuri pe muntele Washington, cu exceptia unor drumeaguri miniere ca si cel de aici pe unde trebuie pur si simplu sa iti faci loc. Dar cel putin nu ai ursi sau stejari veninosi nici oameni, pentru ca locul este pustiu de multi ani. Poti sa mergi zile intregi fara sa intalnesti pe nimeni.
Well, here's a potential approach. You need to come up the Lincoln Canyon. It's this beautiful world all of its own, surrounded by cliffs, and it's an easy hike to stroll up the canyon bottom, until you get to this barrier, and it actually presents a problem. So you can scratch Lincoln Canyon as an approach. Another possible approach is right up the western front of the mountain. You can see why we sometimes call it Long Mountain. And from where you're standing at 6,000 feet in the valley, it's an easy hike up to the mature pinyon and juniper forest through that knoll at the front at 7,600 feet. And you can carry right on up through meadows and steepening forest to the high base of the cliffs at 10,500 feet, where there's a bit of a problem.
Bun, aici avem un posibil acces. Trebuie sa ajungi la canionul Lincoln. Este un loc incantator si, cum este inconjurat de stanci, poti sa strabati usor tot traseul mergand pe fundul canionului panca cand ajungi la acest obstacol, unde incep sa apara problemele. Ca urmare, poti stergi ideea canionului Lincoln ca posibila cale de acces. O alta cale de acces posibila este prin partea vestica si din fata a muntelui. Aici veti intelege de ce se numeste si muntele Lung. De la altitudinea de 1 800 de metri la care te gasesti cand este in vale poti sa faci usor traseul pana ajungi la padurea de ienupari si pini de pe movila asta care se ridica la 2 300 de metri. Poti ca continui trecand de zona cu lunci si cu paduri cu zone abrupte pana cand ajungi la baza stancilor de la 3 200 de metri unde vei avea probleme.
Now, Jeff Bezos advised us when he left at the end of the expedition, "Make the clock inaccessible. The harder it is to get to, the more people will value it." And check -- those are 600-foot vertical walls there. So Alexander Rose wanted to explore this route, and he started over here on the left from his pickup truck at 8,900 feet and headed up the mountain. Now, as you gain elevation your IQ goes down --
Jeff Bezos ne-a sugerat, cand ne intorceam inapoi din expeditie sa facem ceasul inaccesibil. "Cu cat va fi mai greu de ajuns aici, cu atat oamenii il vor aprecia mai mult". Si dupa cum vedeti, acesti pereti verticali au 180 de metri. Asa ca, Alexander Rose, dorea sa exploreze aceasta ruta si a inceput de aici, de la stanga, in camioneta, de la 2 700 de metri catre munte. Cu cat este mai mare altitudinea cu atat mai mult iti scade si coeficientul de inteligenta
(Laughter)
(Rasete)
but your emotional affect goes up, which is great for having a mythic experience, whether you want to or not. In fact, Danny Hillis can estimate altitude by how much math he can't do in his head.
dar se accentueaza partea emotionala, detaliu fantastic pentru o experienta mitica, ca vrei, ca nu vrei. De fapt, Danny Hillis poate sa estimeze care este altitudinea corecta in functie de matematica pe care nu o poate realiza.
(Laughter)
(Rasete)
Now, I happened to be on the radio with Alexander when he got to this point at the base of the cliffs, and he said, quote, "There's a hidden notch. I think I can get up a ways." Now, he's a rock climber, but you know, he's our executive director. I don't want him killed. I know he's going to love cliffs. I'm saying, "Be careful, be careful, be careful." Then he starts going up, and the next thing I hear is, "I'm half-way up. It's like climbing stairs. I'm going up 60 degrees. It's a secret passage. It's like something from Tolkien." And I'm going, "Careful, careful. Please be careful." And then, of course, the next thing I hear is, "I've made it to the top. You can see all of creation from up here." And he dashed across the top of the mountains.
Si vorbeam prin conexiune radio chiar cu Alexander cand ajunsese in acest punct de la baza stancilor si mi-a spus: "Vad o creasta ascunsa aici. Cred ca pot sa ajung". E bun catarator dar, intelegeti-ma, e directorul executiv. Nu vreau sa-l vad mort. Stiu ca o sa il incante prapastiile. Eu ii spuneam: "Ai grija, ai grija, multa grija". A inceput sa urce si urmatorul lucru pe care l-am auzit a fost: "Sunt la jumatate de traseu. E ca si cum ai urca pe scari.Terenul are o inclinatie de 60 de grade". "Pare un tunel secret, ca in Tolkien". In timp ce eu continuam sa-i spun:"Ai grija, te rog". Dupa care, am auzit: "Am ajuns sus. De aici se poate contempla toata creatia!" Si s-a indreptat catre varful muntelui.
In fact, there he is. That's Alexander Rose. First ascent of the western face to Mount Washington, and a solo ascent at that. This discovery changed everything about our sense of these cliffs and what to do with them. We realized that we had to name this thing that Alexander discovered. How about Zander's Crevice? No.
De fapt, aici il vedeti. Acesta este Alexander Rose. In timpul primei ascensiuni pe versantul occidental al muntelui Washington si a urcat singur. Aceasta descoperire a schimbat tot ceea ce stiam in legatura cu aceste prapastii si stanci si despre ce se poate face cu ele. Ne-am dat seama ca trebuia sa-i punem un nume descoperirii lui Alexander. Cum vi se pare "Crapatura lui Zander"? Nu.
(Laughter)
(Rasete)
So we finally decided on Alexander's Siq. Zander's Siq is named after -- some of you have been to Petra, there's this wonderful slot canyon that leads into Petra called the Siq, and so this is the Siq. And it really is hidden. I can't find it in this image, and I'm not sure you can. Only when you get fresh snow can you see just along the rim there, and that brings it out.
Pana la urma ne-am decis sa-l numim Siq-ul lui Alexander. Am ales Siq in numele.....probabil unii dintre voi au vizitat Petra (Iordania) unde exista un canion stramt care conduce la Petra si se numeste Siq, de acolo am luat numele. Si intr-adevar este un loc ascuns. Nu pot sa-l vad in aceasta imagine si nu sunt sigur ca cineva dintre voi poate. Doar daca este acoperit cu zapada li se poate vedea marginea pentru ca zapada o face vizibila.
Now, Danny and I were up at this same area one day, and Danny looked over to the right and noticed something halfway up the cliffs, which is a kind of a porch or a cliff shelf with bristlecones on it, and supposed that people going up to the clock inside the mountain could come out onto that shelf and look down at the view. And the people toiling up the mountain could see them, these tiny little people up there, incredibly halfway up the cliff. How did they get there? Do I have to do that? And so that maybe becomes part of the draw and part of the labyrinth. You can get another angle on Danny's porch by going around to the south and looking north at the whole formation there. And you need to know that Danny's clock is to be kept accurate by a ray of sunshine, that perfect noon hitting it every sunny day, and the pulse of heat from that sets off a solar trigger which resets the clock to make it perfectly accurate. So even with the slowing of the rotation of the earth and so on, the clock will keep perfectly good time.
Intr-o zi, ma aflam in acel loc cu Danny si cand el s-a uitat la dreapta a vazut ceva in mijlocul stancilor un fel de veranda, sau platforma acoperita cu pini-arici si a opinat ca cei care vor veni la ceasul din munte ar putea sa iasa pe aceasta platforma si sa admire privelistea care se intinde sub picioarele lor. Iar toti cei care se vor chinui sa urce pe munte ar putea sa vada aceasta plataforma de aici si toata lumea de pe ea, la o scala micsorata,aici, la jumatate de drum. Se vor intreba: Cum au ajuns astia aici? Chiar trebuie sa urc si eu? Si de modul acesta ar putea sa faca parte din atractie si din labirint. Aici vedeti aceasi platforma a lui Danny din alt unghi, deplasandu-va inspre sud si uitandu-va inspre nord pentru a vedea toata panorama. Si trebuie sa mai stiti ca ceasul lui Danny va fi foarte precis datorita unei raze de soare care fix la amiaza va actiona termic un mecanism solar care va reseta ceasul in asa fel incat sa se mentina exact. De acest mod, chiar in conditiile unei desaccelerari ale rotatiei terestre, ceasul va continua sa functioneze perfect.
So here we're looking from the south, look north. This is all Forest Service land. If you go up on top of those cliffs, that's some of the Long Now land in those trees. And if you go up there and look back, then you'll get a sense of what the view starts to be like from the top of the mountain. That's the long view. That's 80 miles to the horizon. And that's also timberline and those bristlecones really are shrubs. That's a different place to be. It's 11,400 feet and it's exquisite. Now, if you go over to the right from this image to looking at the edge of the cliffs, it's 600 foot, just about a yard to the left of Kurt Bollacker's foot, there is a 600-foot drop. He's ambling on over to Zander's Siq. That's what it looks like looking down it. We should probably put in a rail or something. Over on the eastern side it's gentle, as you can see. And that's not snow -- that's what the white limestone looks like. You also see there a bighorn sheep. Their herd was reintroduced from Wyoming. And they're doing pretty well, but they've got a bit of trouble.
Aici ne vedeti unitandu-ne inspre nord. Acestea sunt terenuri ale serviciului forestier. Dar daca esti pe varful stancii poti vedea ca unii copaci apartin proiectului Long Now. Si daca te urci aici sus si privesti inapoi, poti sa iti faci o idee de cum va fi privelistea de pe varful muntelui. Acesta este adevarata priveliste. Una de 130 de km de orizont. In aceasta zona nu cresc copaci, doar pini-arici si arbusti. Este ceva aparte. La 3 400 de metri, un loc extraordinar. Si daca urmarim imaginea inspre dreapta, pana cand ajungem la marginea stancilor, vedem ca dispune si de 180 de metri-aproape la un metru la stanga de picioarul lui Kurt Bollacker- de 180 de metri de cadere libera. Uitati cum se plimba prin Siq-ul lui Zander. Aceasta este privelistea cand te uiti in jos. Va trebui sa punem o balustrada, ceva... Cum puteti observa, pe partea orientala este mai plan. Iar asta de aici nu e zapada, e cum se vede calcarul alb. Se poate vedea si un muflon aici. Turma a fost adusa din Wyoming. Si cred ca o duce destul de bine, dar au avut probleme.
This is Danny Hillis, and he's figuring out a design problem. he's trying to determine if where he is on a bit of Long Now land would appear from down in the valley to be the actual peak of the mountain. because the real peak is hidden around the corner. This is what in the infantry we used to call the military crest. And as it turned out the answer is, yes, that is from down below in the valley it does look like the peak, and that might be conjured with. We gradually realized we have three serious design domains to work on with this. One is the experience of the mountain. Another is the experience in the mountain. And the third is the experience from the mountain, which is really dominated by the view shed of the spring valley there behind Danny, and if you look off to the right, out there, 15 miles across to the Schell Creek range.
Aici il aveti pe Danny Hillis rezolvand o problema de design. Incearca sa descopere daca pozitia unde se afla in acel moment ar parea celor din vale ca s-ar afla pe varful muntelui, pentru simplul fapt ca adevaratul varf este de fapt ascuns. Este ceea ce numim in infanterie o creasta militara. Si raspunsul este ca "da", din vale, aceasta pozitie pare a fi varful muntelui si ar putea sa fie un detaliu important. Incetul cu incetul, ne-am dat seama ca aveam trei tipuri mari de domenii de design: Unul era experienta cu muntele. Celalalt era experienta pe munte. Iar al treilea era experienta de pe munte, care este dominata de privelistea vaii care sa vede in spatele lui Danny -iar daca va uitati la dreapta- si de 24 km de zona muntoasa in Schell Creek.
In the front, there are 10 ranches strung right along the base of the mountains using the water from the mountains. In fact, there are artesian wells where water springs right into the air. One of the ranches is called the Kirkeby Ranch, and I'll take you there for a minute. It's a very nice ranch. Alfalfa and cattle, run by Paul and Ronnie Brenham, and it's pretty idyllic. It's also hard work. And most of these ranches are having trouble keeping going. This is their view to the west of the Schell Creek range. And if you go out to that line of trees at the far end, you'll see what the valley used to look like. This is Rocky Mountain junipers that have been there for thousands of years.
In fata, la baza muntelui, se intind 10 ranch-uri care folosesc apa de pe munte. De fapt ai fantani arteziene de unde apa izvoraste in mod natural. Unul dintre aceste ranch-uri se numeste Kirkeby si va voi conduce acolo imediat. Este un loc pretios. Lucerna si bovine, sub ingrijirea lui Paul si Ronnie Brenham este destul de idilic. Dar este si mult de munca. Majoritatea acestor ranch-uri au probleme. Asa se vede privelistea la vest de Schell Creek. Iar daca ne indreptam spre aceasta linie de copaci din departare putem sa ne inchipuim cum era valea inainte. Acesti ienuperi de pe Muntii Stancosi sunt aici de mii de ani.
And a scheme emerged that Long Now is looking to see if it might be possible to buy up the whole valley, because those 10 ranches with their 17,000 acres dominate a 500 square mile valley with their grazing allotments and so on, and there's a possibility that you could get the whole thing for five million dollars and gradually restore it to its wild condition, and somewhere in the process turn it back over to the National Park, and it would double the size of Great Basin National Park. That would be swell.
Long Now a inceput sa intrevada posibilitatea de a cumpara tot terenul vaii deoarece aceste 10 ranch-uri cu cele 6 900 de hectare si cu parcelele de pastorit ocupa o vale de 130 de hectare patrate si exista posibilitatea de a cumpara tot pe 5 milioane de $ in asa fel in cat sa le reimplementam treptat in mediul natural si la un moment dat sa le restituim parcului national ceea ce ar dubla marimea parcului national Great Basin. Ar insemna extindere.
OK, let's take one more look at the mountain itself. The clock experience should be profound, but from the outside it should be invisible. Now, at the base of the high cliffs there's this natural cave. It's only about 12 feet deep, but what if it were deepened from inside? You excavated from somewhere, came up from inside and deepened it. And then you could have an entrance which was very rough and narrow as you first went in, that gradually becomes more refined and then actually quite exquisite. And this stone takes a perfect polish. You'd have a polished set of passages and chambers in there eventually leading to the 10,000 year clock.
Bun, sa ne intoarcem iarasi la munte. Momentele petrecute cu ceasul vor fi profunde dar, din afara, vor trebui sa nu fie banuite. La baza stancilor exista o grota. Are vreo 4 metri si ne-am zis: "Ce-ar fi daca s-ar mari?" Sa o excavam un pic, dintr-o parte, pe dinauntru. Ar putea prezenta o intrare foarte nocioplita si stramta la inceput dar care, treptat, sa devina din ce in ce mai rafinata si rafinata. Pentru ca acest tip de roca poate fi slefuit la perfectie. Am putea sa-i facem tot felul de tunele si camere care sa conduca toate la ceasul de 10 000 de ani.
And it's not a mine. This would be a nuanced evocation of the basic structure of the mountain, and you would be appreciating it as much from inside as you do from outside. This is architecture not made by building, but by what you very carefully take away. So that's what the mountain taught us. Most of the amazingness of the clock we can borrow from the amazingness of the mountain. All we have to do is highlight its spectacular features and blend in with them. It's not a clock in a mountain -- it's a mountain clock. Now, the Tewa Indians in the Southwest have a saying for what you need to do when you want to think long term about anything. They say, "pin peya obe" -- welcome to the mountain.
Nu ar fi o mina. Ar fi o metafora fina de ceea ce reprezinta muntele si ai putea sa te bucuri de asta atat pe dinauntru cat si pe dinafara. Aceasta arhitectura nu se face construind ci dand la o parte cu mare grija ceea ce ai la dispozitie. Iar asta e ceva ce ne-a invatat muntele insusi. O mare parte din ceea ce este extraordinar in legatura cu ceasul o datoram acestui munte extraordinar. Trebuie sa scoatem in evidenta ceea ce este deja expectacular si sa ii mai adaugam. Nu este un ceas intr-un munte ci un ceas-munte. Localnicii tewa care locuiesc in sud-vest, au un proverb despre ce trebuie sa faci cand vrei sa te gandesti la ceva pe termen lung. Ei rostesc cuvintele: "Pin peya obe", adica, "Bine ai venit la munte!"
Thank you.
Multumesc.
(Applause)
(Aplauze)