I'm an industrial designer, which means I create all these cool things from ideas that we surround ourselves with, or in this case, geeky people surround themselves with, for the most part. I have absolutely no background in biology, chemistry or engineering, so bear with me, because I'll be talking about biomedical engineering today.
我是一名产品设计师, 就是说我能通过我们身边的一些灵感, 创作一些有意思的东西, 但大多数情况下,灵感 来自于极客的一些想法。 我完全没有生物,化学 和工程相关的学术背景, 所以要对我有点儿耐心,因为今天 我将讨论关于生物医学工程的话题。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And please do stay here in the meantime.
请不要离开现场。
Industrial design is about making lots of things identical. The downside about that is, there's something impersonal about lots of identical things, because when you're trying to design one thing for one person to solve one issue, you can't really do that when you're making things aimed more to a demographic model or to a marketing requirements document, which is what we live by. So I got disheartened by the whole process in general, and went to rethink it and redesign designing altogether, went way back to my early, early design inspirations, and back to about eight years old, and that got me to this guy. Anyone here from MIT knows him or has a tattoo or poster of him somewhere.
工业设计是关于制造大量 一模一样的物品。 随之而来的影响是, 这些同样的物品 不够人性化, 因为当你尝试为一个 特定的人设计一个产品, 来解决某个问题的时候, 实际上你是做不到的, 因为你的目标是适合 大多数人的模型, 或者是以市场需求为导向 这就是我们的现状。 这套流程最终使我 失去了对设计的信心, 我开始重新思考并且重新设计, 回到我最早设计的初衷, 那是我八岁的时候,我想起了这个人。 在座的可能有 来自麻省理工学院的人认识他, 或者在某个地方有他的纹身或者海报。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Anyone else in the room, just for a hint, he is the engineer of engineers or the designer of designers. He is the guy who made bionics a household word in the form of the polyester-clad Six Million Dollar Man that I grew up with.
在座的其他人,给你们一个提示, 他是工程师和设计师的鼻祖。 他使得仿生学家喻户晓, 在伴随我长大的电视剧《无敌金刚》里面, 他总是身着涤纶外衣。
The thing that came from this pop culture show, the real takeaway, was two main things: if you're designing for the person, for a real person, you don't settle for the minimum functional requirements; you see how far beyond that you can go, where the rewards really are way out in the fringe of how far past that document you can go. And if you can nail that, you stand to improve the quality of life for somebody for every moment for the rest of their life. I kind of distilled that down into a design philosophy, and infuse that into the studio that I have now; I'm trying to get everyone to think along these lines. It's not a profound philosophy, but it works for us.
我们从这部流行电视剧里学到的 真正的收获有两个: 假如你正在为一个 鲜活的人设计一个产品, 你不只是为了满足这个人 最低限度的功能需求; 而是考虑在你能力范围内 如何做到最好, 得到的回报也远比你预想得多, 如果你能远超所要求的文件。 如果你彻底解决了这一问题, 你就提高了他们余生每时每刻 的生活质量。 我把这种设计理念提取出来, 融入到我自己的工作室里。 我正尝试影响每个人都这样思考。 它虽然不是一个具有深远意义 的理念,但对我们很有效。
We work with prosthetic limbs, and the first thing you see about prosthetic limbs is that they are engineering brilliance. They can do amazing things; they can return all kinds of functionality and performance back to somebody's life. But from the vantage of an industrial designer, they're not quite there. What we don't see is the sculpture or the beauty or the individual qualities or the uniqueness or the elegance to them. They are brilliant, mechanical, utilitarian devices. And that's great, except for a lot of people, that doesn't work. People come to our studio all the time, and they have bubble wrap and duct tape, trying to approximate their original form. Or they'll have a gym sock stuffed with other gym socks to try to recreate the shape that once was; and that, to us, is not thriving.
我们制作有关假肢的产品, 当你第一眼看到它们时, 就会感叹它们背后 技艺高超的工程学原理。 它们能做令人惊奇的事情; 可以使有各种身体功能障碍的人们 重新回归正常人的生活。 但是从一个产品设计师的角度看, 它们还不够完美。 我们看不到它们的刻纹、美观、个性、 以及如何的独特、如何的精致。 它们是出色的、符合机械原理 并且是实用的设备。 非常不错,但并不是适合每个人。 人们来到我们的工作室, 总是带着气泡垫和胶带, 努力恢复原来的外形。 或者往运动袜里填入其他的运动袜, 为了重塑原来的形状; 对我们而言,这些 并不是我们的目标。
The body, to us, is not a mechanical entity, where mechanical-only solutions can address them. It's our personal sculpture, our kinematic sculpture. It is our canvas; it represents not just our physicality, but also a lot of our personality as well. So when you're designing for the body, maybe the thing isn't to design for mass production, but to design with the body in mind, to really think about curves instead of hard geometry, or uniqueness instead of identical. The problem is, we're constrained by mass production, which makes a million identical things but can't make one unique, individualized thing. So we scrapped that in the new design process, and we start with the person.
尽管只有机械假肢 能恢复他们的功能缺陷, 但我们认为,假肢绝 不仅仅是冰冷的金属机械。 它是我们个人的雕塑,运动雕塑, 是我们的画布; 它体现的不仅仅是我们的肢体功能, 还有我们很多的个性在里面。 所以当你设计假肢的时候, 你的设计不是为了工厂的批量生产, 而是使产品设计更人性化, 去真正思考符合人体曲线, 而不是套用生硬的几何外形, 或者说用独特性去代替统一性。 问题是,我们被一模一样 的百万件产品所束缚了, 我们无法生产一件 独特的、个性化的东西。 所以在新的设计流程里, 我们放弃了这些方法, 转而开始私人订制。
This is a three-dimensional scanner, and that's what happens when you scan somebody: you get three-dimensional data into your computer. You can take the sound-side limb there, the surviving limb, mirror it over, and from now on, anything in the process will recreate symmetry -- something as personal and as hard to achieve as symmetry in the body. And you create a product that, no matter what, it's going to be as unique as their fingerprint. In fact, our process is incapable of creating two identical things. So we run it through computer modeling, 3D CAD. Here, we actually infuse a lot of the individual's taste and personality into it, everywhere we can, and we three-dimensionally print the results. We call the resulting parts "fairings," because they're named after the panels on a motorcycle that turn it from a mechanical thing into a sculptural thing.
这是一个3D扫描仪, 这就是扫描得到的图像: 你可以把扫描 的3D资料导入你的电脑。 你可以把肢体完好的一边 使用镜像方法翻转, 那么从现在开始, 就可以重建它的对称部分—— 可以做得很人性化,但很难做到 像人体的结构一样对称。 无论如何,你创造了一个这样的产品, 它就是像指纹一样具有唯一性。 实际上,我们无法创造 两件一模一样的东西。 所以我们通过计算机建模 以及3D CAD来实现。 在产品里,我们尽可能的融入大量的 个人风格和独特性。 然后通过3D技术打印出来。 我们称这些打印出来 的部件为“整流罩”, 因为它是以摩托车上 的整流罩命名的, 正是整流罩把一件 机械性的物品变为一件雕塑。
We tried this on Chad. Chad is a competitive soccer player, lost his leg eight years ago to cancer. You can imagine, it's really tricky to play soccer when you have titanium pipe where there used to be a leg. The resulting parts recreated his shape and deliberately had an aesthetic that look like sporting gear. We wanted it to make it look like he just pulled it out of the gym bag, so it's fairly utilitarian in that regard. Two things happened. One, we expected: his sense of his body came back to him. He was suddenly able to control the ball, to feel the ball, because his body remembered that original shape that he had had up until eight years ago. The other thing, though, is that the other members of the team stopped thinking of him as the amputee on the team. Not that they didn't know, but it stopped becoming a focal point for him. And there is a certain very quiet value in that, we like to believe.
查德试用了我们的产品。 他是一名很有实力的足球运动员, 8年前因为癌症失去了一条腿。 你可以想象到,用钛金属管 代替腿踢球真的很难。 我们重新制作了他的腿的外形, 使得它像一个美观的运动器具。 我们想让它看上去像是从运动包里 拿出来一件器具一样, 所以它还是非常实用的。 有两件事发生了: 一是,我们期望他能 找回控制身体的感觉。 他突然就能控球了,而且能感知到球, 因为假肢的形状和8年前失去的 腿的外形一样,而他的身体 还记得如何控制失去的腿。 另一件是,其他的队友 不再把他当做残疾人看待。 并非人们不知道,而是查德 的假肢不再是一个焦点了。 我们相信,这其中有一种 非常隐秘的价值。
James lost his leg in a motorcycle crash. And the motorcycle is still a big part of James's personality and style. Check out the tattoo on his forearm. We three-dimensionally printed that into what would be his calf. He has his tattoo, he has his morphology and he has the materials of his motorcycle. And the result is interesting in that you can't really tell at first glance where the motorcycle stops and where James starts. It's kind of a chimera hybrid between the two, and James likes that.
詹姆斯在一次摩托车祸中 失去了一条腿。 但是摩托车依然是他生活的一部分。 请看他前臂的纹身。 我们用3D打印技术把 这个纹身打印到他的假肢上。 这样他有了他的纹身和完美的外形, 他的腿还拥有了摩托车的材质。 结果很有意思, 第一眼你真的很难分辨出 腿是不是摩托车的一部分。 它就像二者的混合体, 詹姆斯很是喜欢。
(Laughter)
(笑声)
So, we don't ever try to make something look like it could be human. Our whole goal is to be unapologetically man-made, to take what's already there, morphology, and just make it really cool and beautiful, something that somebody can't wait to show the world, because that changes their look. You don't look at him and say, "He's an amputee with a prosthetic." You say, "He's a guy with something really cool going on.
所以,我们不只是恢复 人类肢体原有的样子。 我们的目标是, 理直气壮的制作人造产品, 去重塑它本来已经存在 的样子,形态, 从而制作出酷炫的东西, 让人们忍不住想向世界去炫耀, 因为这改变了它们的样子。 你看见他,不会说: “他是个有假肢的残疾人。” 你反而会说:“他的假肢简直太酷了。”
Deborah wanted her curves back, but she also just wanted what came out of it to be really sexy, which is great for us to hear. We created this lace pattern that lends itself well to 3D printing. We created the first leg, I think, where the lace defines the contour of the leg, instead of the leg giving form to the lace. We switched things over. What I like about this shot is you can see daylight through it. So we're not trying to hide anything; the load-bearing carbon component is totally visible. We're just giving it form and shape and contours that were hers to begin with. We made her another leg that matched her purse, just because we could.
黛博拉不仅想要她腿的曲线, 而且还要看上去非常性感, 对我们来说,这个要求太棒了。 我们用3D技术打印了这种蕾丝样式。 我们创造出的第一条腿 是用蕾丝勾勒出腿的外形的, 而不是腿把外形赋给了蕾丝。 我们进行了逆向操作。 我们喜欢的是光线可以 透过蕾丝的孔照射过来, 所以我们没有试着隐藏什么; 碳结构的承重部分是完全看得见的。 我们只是给了它外形和轮廓, 而这些都是她本来就有的。 我们又做了她的另一条腿, 是她的钱包样式的, 只是因为我们可以做到。
(Laughter)
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We made another one where we laser-tattooed the leather, because how cool would it be to be able to change your tattoos out from one minute to the next? Love that. We try to capture as much of somebody's personality as we can.
我们还制作了一个皮质的, 用激光纹上纹身, 因为那会很酷, 你可以分分钟变换你的纹身图案。 很喜欢这种创意。 我们尽可能多的加入个性化的东西。
This is George. His will be finished next week. This is the raw computer data that we deal with. He's kind of a classic, timeless-type personality, so we did herringbone tweed, but in polished nickel.
这是乔治的假肢。 这个下周就能完成了。 这是我们刚开始处理 的原始电脑数据。 他是一个典型的、不受时间影响的人, 所以我们用光抛光的镍材料 做了一个粗花呢的人字形样式。
(Laughter)
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And Uve was all too proud to show his tattoos, so we are laser-tattooing those into the leather. Part of it is, yes, we're showing off, because we can do this, but the other part is this connects him to what will be a part of him. That is something really valuable; we believe in that. Tattoos are especially exciting for us. What happens if you take the tattoo, which is a combination of somebody's personal taste and choice, and their morphology, but now, let's say, you remove the person. You get a free-floating tattoo defining their body. So everything we do is about recreating and expressing something that means something to that person, and expressing that through what would be their body, whether it's speed or attitude or bling, whatever it is that captures and suggests them in the best way we can.
乌维一直以展示他的纹身而自豪, 所以我们用激光 把纹身纹到皮质材料上。 我们展示这个, 一部分是因为我们可以做到, 另一部分是,这连接了他 和他将来身体的一部分。 我们深信这是非常有价值的。 我们对纹身特别感兴趣, 你选择一个纹身后, 它就代表了个人的品位和选择, 还有形态, 但我们觉得人的特质被去掉了。 你可以在身体上随时变换纹身的图案。 所以我们在重新创造, 然后去表达一些东西, 对个人有特殊意义的东西, 通过身体来表达, 不管表达的是速度、态度, 亦或是你拥有的闪光点, 无论是什么,我们都会尽可能 用最好的方式来表达。
Back to the 3D-printing thing and this whole process: we have a process that lends itself to making one thing per person; it's very individual, and it actually really lends itself well to complexity. So why not just print the entire leg? That's the concept that preceded the work we're doing now. This is a three-dimensionally printed leg. It's symmetric to the other leg. It is made in America, it is a trivially low-carbon footprint to create, curbside recyclable, costs about 4,000 dollars to create, and it is dishwasher-safe.
现在回到3D打印以及整个过程: 我们有一种方法可以 为每个人都做一样东西; 这是非常个性化的,可以非常复杂。 那么为什么不直接打印整个腿呢? 正是这个概念引出了我们当前的工作。 这是一条3D打印的腿, 与另一条腿是对称的。 它是美国制造, 产生的碳足迹非常小,可以路边回收, 制作成本是4000美元, 可以放在洗碗机里清洗。
(Laughter)
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There's a value to that, too. People don't think about that all the time, but yes, throw it in the dishwasher, it works just great. This was based on the original idea that I could go anywhere in the world with nothing more than a camera and a laptop computer, use the camera as a 3D scanner and create for somebody, in a matter of hours, a very high-quality, three-dimensionally printed leg for a very low cost. The proof of concept works great, we're finding it; we'll get there. Or, we upped the quality of the materials and created this for John. The fun thing with John's leg is that when his fiancee looked at this, she joked and said, "I like that leg better than that leg."
这一点也很重要。 人们通常不这么想, 但把它丢进洗碗机里洗 的确是没有问题的。 我最初的想法就是 可以去世界的任何地方, 只带摄像机和笔记本电脑就可以, 用摄像机做3D扫描仪, 几小时之内就可以创建模型, 用很低的成本就可以3D打印 一个非常高质量的假肢。 这种想法已被证明很有效, 我们发现了它,并且实现了。 另外,我们用更好的材料 制造了约翰的腿。 有意思的是,约翰的未婚妻 看见他的假肢的时候, 开玩笑的说:“比起你另一条腿, 我更喜欢这个假肢。”
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And it's a joke -- she knows full well what he goes through -- but at the same time, there's something very valuable. He turned to us and said, "Nobody says that." He's never heard that in his life. That connected with him very deeply.
虽然是个玩笑,但她知道他经历了什么, 同时,更有意义的是, 他对我们说:“没有人那样说过。” 在他生命中,他从来 没听过那样的话语。 这深深的触动着他。
So we like to think that this is a new type of design, where you're turning the original process on its head, where there is a dialogue that forms between the designer and the end user, where the designer relinquishes some of the control -- designers hate doing that -- and instead, is the curator of a process. And the end user relinquishes their body into the process, and their taste. I'd like to think that speaks to a greater change that's happening in the design world altogether; in this case, it's one where products will be evaluated on how well they address the individual. The individual will actually be part of the DNA of the end product itself. We will be evaluating products on how well they address a unique person, instead of a demographic model.
我们认为这是一种新型的设计, 它完全颠覆了最初的设计流程, 在设计者和终端用户之间引入了交流, 设计者让出一些控制权—— 他们通常讨厌这样做—— 取而代之的是成为了一名监管者。 而终端用户负责交出 他们的身体和个人品味。 认为这反映了设计世界正在发生 的更大的变化。 在这种情况下,产品的评估将取决于 它们是否很好的满足个人需求。 实际上,个人也将是 终端产品DNA的一部分, 我们将评估产品是否满足了个人需求, 而不仅仅是一个适合大多数人的模型。
This all really hit home for us in one of the first legs we did; when Chad here put on the leg, reached down and felt it and thought about it for a while. Then he turned to us and said, "That's the first time I've felt that shape in eight years." We thought about that. And for all the technology and all the nights and energy we put into it, that's all we really wanted to hear.
我们做第一个假肢的时候 就跟我们预想的一样; 当查德安上他的假肢, 把腿落到地面,感受它的时候, 他想了一会儿。 然后转向我们说, “这是我8年来 第一次感觉到腿的样子。” 我们认真思考了他说的话, 觉得我们应用的所有技术, 付出的所有日日夜夜的努力都值了。 那就是我们真正想要听到的。
Thanks.
谢谢。
(Applause)
(掌声)