Chris Anderson: Welcome to TED.
Chris Anderson: Bine ai venit la TED.
Richard Branson: Thank you very much. The first TED has been great.
Richard Branson: Multumesc mult. Primul TED a fost grozav.
CA: Have you met anyone interesting?
CA: Te-ai intalnit cu cineva interesant?
RB: Well, the nice thing about TED is everybody's interesting. I was very glad to see Goldie Hawn, because I had an apology to make to her. I'd had dinner with her about two years ago and I'd -- she had this big wedding ring and I put it on my finger and I couldn't get it off. And I went home to my wife that night and she wanted to know why I had another woman's big, massive, big wedding ring on my finger. And, anyway, the next morning we had to go along to the jeweler and get it cut off. So -- (Laughter) -- so apologies to Goldie.
RB: Ei bine, ceea ce e cel mai dragut lucru la TED e ca toti sunt interesanti. M-am bucurat sa o vad pe Goldie Hawn, pentru ca a trebuit sa-mi cer scuze de la ea. Am luat cina cu ea acum doi ani si ea avea o verigheta mare si am pus-o pe degetul meu si n-o mai puteam scoate. Si am mers la sotia mea in acea noapte si a vrut sa stie de ce am pe deget verigheta aceea mare, masiva, a altei femei pe deget. Si, oricum, dimineata urmatoare a trebuit sa mergem impreuna la bijutier si sa-o taiem Deci, (rasete) scuze lui Goldie.
CA: That's pretty good. So, we're going to put up some slides of some of your companies here. You've started one or two in your time. So, you know, Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Records -- I guess it all started with a magazine called Student. And then, yes, all these other ones as well. I mean, how do you do this?
CA: Asta e destul de bine. Deci urmeaza sa aratam cateva slide-uri cu una din - cateva din companiile tale. Ai infiintat una sau doua pe vremea ta. Stii tu, Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Records - Presupun ca totul a inceput cu revista numita Student Si dupa aceea, da, si toate celelalte. Cu alte cuvinte, cum faci asta?
RB: I read all these sort of TED instructions: you must not talk about your own business, and this, and now you ask me. So I suppose you're not going to be able to kick me off the stage, since you asked the question. (Laughter)
RB: Citesc toate tipurile de instructiuni TED♪ nu trebuie sa vorbesti despre afacerile tale si acum tu ma intrebi pe mine. Deci presupun ca nu vei avea voie sa ma dai afara de pe scena din moment ce tu ai intrebat asta. (Rasete)
CA: It depends what the answer is though.
CA:Depinde de raspuns, totusi.
RB: No, I mean, I think I learned early on that if you can run one company, you can really run any companies. I mean, companies are all about finding the right people, inspiring those people, you know, drawing out the best in people. And I just love learning and I'm incredibly inquisitive and I love taking on, you know, the status quo and trying to turn it upside down. So I've seen life as one long learning process. And if I see -- you know, if I fly on somebody else's airline and find the experience is not a pleasant one, which it wasn't, 21 years ago, then I'd think, well, you know, maybe I can create the kind of airline that I'd like to fly on. And so, you know, so got one secondhand 747 from Boeing and gave it a go.
RB: Nu, vreau sa spun, cred ca am invatat de devreme ca daca poti conduce o companie, poti conduce orice companie. Companiile inseamna gasirea oamenilor potriviti, inspirarea acelor oameni, stii, descoperirea potentialului maxim din oameni si imi place mult sa invat si sunt extrem de curios si imi place sa iau, stii tu, status quo-ul si sa incerc sa-l intorc pe dos. Deci am vazut viata ca un proces indelungat de invatare. Si daca vad - stii tu, daca zbor cu compania aeriana a altcuiva si cred ca experienta nu e una placuta, ceea ce nu era cu 21 de ani in urma, atunci m-as gandi, ei bine, stii, poate pot crea tipul de companie aeriana cu care as vrea sa zbor. Si astfel, stii, am obtinut un 747 secondhand de la Boeing si am incercat.
CA: Well, that was a bizarre thing, because you made this move that a lot of people advised you was crazy. And in fact, in a way, it almost took down your empire at one point. I had a conversation with one of the investment bankers who, at the time when you basically sold Virgin Records and invested heavily in Virgin Atlantic, and his view was that you were trading, you know, the world's fourth biggest record company for the twenty-fifth biggest airline and that you were out of your mind. Why did you do that?
CA: Ei bine, acela a fost un lucru bizar, pentru ca ai facut miscarea aceasta despre care foarte mult oameni au spus ca e nebuneasca. Si de fapt, intr-un fel, aproape ti-a doborat imperiul la un moment dat. Am avut o conversatie cu unul dintre bancherii investitori care, in momentul in care tu practic ai vandut Virgin Records si ai investit masiv in Virgin Atlantic, si punctul lui de vedere era ca dadeai, stii, a patra cea mai mare casa de discuri din lume pe a douazecisicincea companie aeriana si ca erai sarit de pe fix. De ce ai facut asta?
RB: Well, I think that there's a very thin dividing line between success and failure. And I think if you start a business without financial backing, you're likely to go the wrong side of that dividing line. We had -- we were being attacked by British Airways. They were trying to put our airline out of business, and they launched what's become known as the dirty tricks campaign. And I realized that the whole empire was likely to come crashing down unless I chipped in a chip. And in order to protect the jobs of the people who worked for the airline, and protect the jobs of the people who worked for the record company, I had to sell the family jewelry to protect the airline.
Ei bine, cred ca exista o linie foarte fina intre succes si esec. Si cred ca daca incepi o afacere fara suport financiar, e foarte probabil sa treci de partea gresita a liniei de separatie. Fusesem - eram atacati de British Airways; au incercat sa ne falimenteze compania aeriana, asa ca au lansat ceea ce e cunoscut ca fiind campania siretlicurilor murdare. Si am realizat ca intregul impreiu se putea prabusi cu exceptia cazului in care nu scot asul din maneca. Si pentru a proteja slujbele oamenilor care lucrau pentru compania aeriana, si a proteja slujbele oamenilor care lucrasera pentru casa de discuri, a trebuit sa vand bijuteria coroanei pentru a proteja compania aeriana.
CA: Post-Napster, you're looking like a bit of a genius, actually, for that as well.
Dupa Napster, parea ca esti un fel de geniu de fapt si din cauza asta.
RB: Yeah, as it turned out, it proved to be the right move. But, yeah, it was sad at the time, but we moved on.
Mda, s-a dovedit a fi miscarea potrivita. Dar da, a fost trist atunci, dar am mers mai departe.
CA: Now, you use the Virgin brand a lot and it seems like you're getting synergy from one thing to the other. What does the brand stand for in your head?
Acum folosesti brandul Virgin foarte mult si se pare ca transferi sinergia de la un lucru la altul. Ce inseamna brandul in mintea ta?
RB: Well, I like to think it stands for quality, that you know, if somebody comes across a Virgin company, they --
Ei bine, imi place sa cred ca simbolizeaza calitate, ca stii, daca cineva da peste o companie Virgin ei -
CA: They are quality, Richard. Come on now, everyone says quality. Spirit?
Ei sunt calitatea, Richard, hai ca toti spun calitate - spiritul?
RB: No, but I was going to move on this. We have a lot of fun and I think the people who work for it enjoy it. As I say, we go in and shake up other industries, and I think, you know, we do it differently and I think that industries are not quite the same as a result of Virgin attacking the market.
Nu, dar vroiam sa discut in continuare despre asta. Ne distram foarte mult si cred ca oamenii care lucreaza pentru ea se simt bine. Noi, noi cum spun eu, noi mergem si schimbam radical celelalte industrii si cred ca noi facem totul diferit si cred ca acele industrii nu raman la fel ca urmare a atacarii pietei de catre Virgin.
CA: I mean, there are a few launches you've done where the brand maybe hasn't worked quite as well. I mean, Virgin Brides -- what happened there? (Laughter)
Adica, sunt cateva lansari pe care le-ai facut unde brandul poate nu a fost lucrat atat de bine. Adica, Virgin Brides (Mirese) - ce s-a intamplat acolo? (Rasete)
RB: We couldn't find any customers. (Laughter) (Applause)
Nu am putut gasi niciun client. (Rasete) (Aplauze)
CA: I was actually also curious why -- I think you missed an opportunity with your condoms launch. You called it Mates. I mean, couldn't you have used the Virgin brand for that as well? Ain't virgin no longer, or something.
Eram chiar curios de ce Cred ca ai ratat o oportunitate cu lansarea prezervativelor - le-ai numit Mates (amicii). Adica, n-ati fi putut folosi brandul Virgin de asemenea? Nu mai e virgina de acum sau ceva de genul.
RB: Again, we may have had problems finding customers. I mean, we had -- often, when you launch a company and you get customer complaints, you know, you can deal with them. But about three months after the launch of the condom company, I had a letter, a complaint, and I sat down and wrote a long letter back to this lady apologizing profusely. But obviously, there wasn't a lot I could do about it. And then six months later, or nine months after the problem had taken, I got this delightful letter with a picture of the baby asking if I'd be godfather, which I became. So, it all worked out well.
Din nou, era posibil sa avem probleme in gasirea clientilor. Adica, am avut - adeseori cand lansezi o companie si primesti plangeri de la clienti, stii, poti sa te confrunti cu ele. Dar cam la trei luni dupa lansarea companiei de prezervative am primit o scrisoare, o plangere, si m-am asezat si am scris o scrisoare lunga de raspuns acestei doamne, cerandu-mi scuze sincere. Dar evident nu era mare lucru pe care il mai puteam face. Si apoi, sase luni mai tarziu, sau noua dupa ce problema a aparut, am primit aceasta minunata scrisoare cu poza unui bebelus intrebandu-ma daca nu as vrea sa-i fiu nas, ceea ce am si devenit. Deci totul a iesit chiar bine.
CA: Really? You should have brought a picture. That's wonderful.
Chiar? Ar fi trebuit sa aduci o poza. Asta e extraordinar.
RB: I should have.
Ar fi trebuit.
CA: So, just help us with some of the numbers. I mean, what are the numbers on this? I mean, how big is the group overall? How much -- what's the total revenue?
Deci ajuta-ne cu niste cifre. Adica, despre ce cifre e vorba aici? Cu alte cuvinte, cat e de mare grupul per total? Cat de mult - care e venitul total?
RB: It's about 25 billion dollars now, in total.
E de aproximativ 25 de miliarde de dolari acum in total.
CA: And how many employees?
Si cati angajati?
RB: About 55,000.
Aproximativ 55.000.
CA: So, you've been photographed in various ways at various times and never worrying about putting your dignity on the line or anything like that. What was that? Was that real?
Deci ai fost fotografiat in diferite moduri in momente diferite. si nu te-ai ingrijorat niciodata ca ai putea sa-ti pui demnitatea in pericol sau ceva de genul. Ce e aia? Era adevarat?
RB: Yeah. We were launching a megastore in Los Angeles, I think. No, I mean, I think -- CA: But is that your hair? RB: No. CA: What was that one?
Da. Lansam un magazin universal in Los Angeles, cred. Nu, vreau sa zic, cred... Dar e acela parul tau? Nu. Ce era acolo?
RB: Dropping in for tea.
Ma opream pentru un ceai.
CA: OK. (Laughter)
OK. (Rasete)
RB: Ah, that was quite fun. That was a wonderful car-boat in which --
Ah, asta a fost destul de amuzant. Aceasta era o minunata barca - masina in care eram
CA: Oh, that car that we -- actually we -- it was a TEDster event there, I think. Is that -- could you still pause on that one actually, for a minute? (Laughter)
Oh, masina aia care era... cred ca acela era un eventiment TEDster Este aceea - ati putea opri la aceasta pentru un minut? (Rasete)
RB: It's a tough job, isn't it?
E o slujba dificila, nu?
CA: I mean, it is a tough job. (Laughter) When I first came to America, I used to try this with employees as well and they kind of -- they have these different rules over here, it's very strange.
Adica - este o slujba grea. (Rasete) Cand am venit prima data in America obisnuiam sa incerc asta si cu angajatii dar ei au cam... ei au reguli diferite aici, e foarte ciudat.
RB: I know, I have -- the lawyers say you mustn't do things like that, but --
Stiu, imi spun avocatii ca nu trebuie sa fac lucrurile asa, dar...
CA: I mean, speaking of which, tell us about --
Adica, vorbind despre asta, spune-ne despre...
RB: "Pammy" we launched, you know -- mistakenly thought we could take on Coca-Cola, and we launched a cola bottle called "The Pammy" and it was shaped a bit like Pamela Anderson. But the trouble is, it kept on tipping over, but -- (Laughter)
Am lansat Pammy, stii, gandind gresit ca am putea depasi Coca-Cola, si am lansat o sticla de cola numita :"The Pammy" si a avut forma Pamelei Anderson. Dar problema e ca a continuat sa se rastoarne, dar (rasete)
CA: Designed by Philippe Starck perhaps?
Designul i-a apartinut lui Philippe Starck poate?♫
RB: Of course.
Desigur.
CA: So, we'll just run a couple more pictures here. Virgin Brides. Very nice. And, OK, so stop there. This was -- you had some award I think?
Deci vom mai derula cateva poze aici. Virging Brides. Foarte dragut. Si, OK, opriti-va aici. Asta era cand ai primit un premiu, cred.
RB: Yeah, well, 25 years earlier, we'd launched the Sex Pistols' "God Save The Queen," and I'd certainly never expected that 25 years later -- that she'd actually knight us. But somehow, she must have had a forgetful memory, I think.
Da, ei bine, cu 25 de ani inainte lansasem Sex Pistols cu "God Save The Qeen", si nu m-am asteptat cu siguranta niciodata ca 25 de ani mai tarziu ea chiar sa ne transforme in cavaleri. Dar cumva ea trebuie sa aiba o memorie cam slaba, cred.
CA: Well, God saved her and you got your just reward. Do you like to be called Sir Richard, or how?
Ei bine, Dumnezeu a salvat-o si tu ai primit rasplata potrivita. Iti place sa fii numit Sir Richard, sau cum?
RB: Nobody's ever called me Sir Richard. Occasionally in America, I hear people saying Sir Richard and think there's some Shakespearean play taking place. But nowhere else anyway.
Nu mi-a spus niciodata nimeni Sir Richard. Ocazional in America, aud oameni spunand Sir Richard si cred ca exista si vreo piesa shakespeare-ana care are loc. Dar in nicio alta parte, oricum.
CA: OK. So can you use your knighthood for anything or is it just ...
OK. Deci poti sa-ti folosesti gradul de cavaler la ceva sau este doar...
RB: No. I suppose if you're having problems getting a booking in a restaurant or something, that might be worth using it.
Nu. Presupun ca daca ai probleme in obtinerea unei rezervari la un restaurant sau ceva de genul, acolo l-ai putea folosi.
CA: You know, it's not Richard Branson. It's Sir Richard Branson.
Stiti, nu e Richard Branson, e Sir Richard Branson.
RB: I'll go get the secretary to use it.
O sa-i cer secretarei sa-l foloseasca.
CA: OK. So let's look at the space thing. I think, with us, we've got a video that shows what you're up to, and Virgin Galactic up in the air. (Video) So that's the Bert Rutan designed spaceship?
OK. Sa ne uitam deci la chestia spatiala. Cred ca, cu noi, avem un film care arata cam ce planuiti tu si Virgin Galactic acolo sus in aer. Deci asta e o nava spatiala al carei design apartine lui Bert Rutan?
RB: Yeah, it'll be ready in -- well, ready in 12 months and then we do 12 months extensive testing. And then 24 months from now, people will be able to take a ride into space.
Da, va fi gata in 12 luni si apoi o vom testa intensiv timp de 12 luni si in 24 de luni de acum oamenii vor putea sa calatoreasca in spatiu.
CA: So this interior is Philippe Starcke designed?
Deci acest interior e creat de Philippe Starck?
RB: Philippe has done the -- yeah, quite a bit of it: the logos and he's building the space station in New Mexico. And basically, he's just taken an eye and the space station will be one giant eye, so when you're in space, you ought to be able to see this massive eye looking up at you. And when you land, you'll be able to go back into this giant eye. But he's an absolute genius when it comes to design.
Philippe a facut da, destul de mult din el logourile si creeaza si statia spatiala din New Mexico, si practic a luat un ochi si statia spatiala va fi un ochi gigantic, deci cand vei fi in spatiu vei putea vedea acest ochi masiv uitandu-se la tine. Si cand vei ateriza, te vei intoarce in acest ochi masiv. Dar el e absolut un geniu cand vine vorba de design.
CA: But you didn't have him design the engine?
Dar nu l-ai pus sa faca designul motorului?
RB: Philippe is quite erratic, so I think that he wouldn't be the best person to design the engine, no.
Philippe e destul de haotic deci cred ca nu ar fi cea mai buna persoana care sa proiecteze motorul, nu.
CA: He gave a wonderful talk here two days ago.
A tinut un discurs minunat aici acum doua zile.
RB: Yeah? No, he is a --
Da? Nu, el e...
CA: Well, some people found it wonderful, some people found it completely bizarre. But, I personally found it wonderful.
Ei bine, cativa oameni l-au considerat minunat, altii l-au considerat complet bizar. Dar eu, personal, l-am considerat minunat.
RB: He's a wonderful enthusiast, which is why I love him. But ...
Este un foarte mare entuziast si de aceea il iubesc. Dar...
CA: So, now, you've always had this exploration bug in you. Have you ever regretted that?
Deci ai avut mereu aceasta dorinta de explorare in tine. Ai regretat vreo data asta?
RB: Many times. I mean, I think with the ballooning and boating expeditions we've done in the past. Well, I got pulled out of the sea I think six times by helicopters, so -- and each time, I didn't expect to come home to tell the tale. So in those moments, you certainly wonder what you're doing up there or --
De multe ori. Adica, ma gandesc la expeditiile cu balonul si barcile pe care le-am facut in trecut ei bine, am fost scos din mare cu elicopterele de sase ori cred si de fiecare data nu m-am asteptat sa ajung acasa sa spun povestea. Deci in acele momente cu siguranta te intrebi ce cauti acolo sus sau...
CA: What was the closest you got to -- when did you think, this is it, I might be on my way out?
Cand ai fost cel mai aproape de a... cand ai crezut ca s-a sfarsit, ca ai putea fi pe drumul fara intoarcere?
RB: Well, I think the balloon adventures were -- each one was, each one, actually, I think we came close. And, I mean, first of all we -- nobody had actually crossed the Atlantic in a hot air balloon before, so we had to build a hot air balloon that was capable of flying in the jet stream, and we weren't quite sure, when a balloon actually got into the jet stream, whether it would actually survive the 200, 220 miles an hour winds that you can find up there. And so, just the initial lift off from Sugarloaf to cross the Atlantic, as we were pushing into the jet stream, this enormous balloon -- the top of the balloon ended up going at a couple of hundred miles an hour, the capsule that we were in at the bottom was going at maybe two miles an hour, and it just took off. And it was like holding onto a thousand horses. And we were just crossing every finger, praying that the balloon would hold together, which, fortunately, it did. But the ends of all those balloon trips were, you know -- something seemed to go wrong every time, and on that particular occasion, the more experienced balloonist who was with me jumped, and left me holding on for dear life. (Laughter)
Ei bine, cred ca aventurile cu balonul au fost, fiecare da, cu fiecare am fost foarte aproape. Si, vreau sa spun, prima data nu mai trecuse nimeni Atlanticul intr-un balon cu aer cald pana atunci, deci a trebuit sa construim un balon cu aer cald capabil sa zboare in curentii de aer rapizi si nu eram chiar siguri ca atunci cand un balon va ajunge intr-un curent de aer, va rezista la cele 200, 220 mile pe ora reprezentand viteza pe care o poate atinge vantul acolo sus. Si astfel doar ridicarea initiala din Sugarloaf pentru a traversa Atlanticul, cum treceam prin curentii de aer, acest balon imens varful balonului a ajuns sa mearga cu vreo doua sute de mile pe ora, iar capsula in care eram noi cu vreo 2 mile pe ora si a decolat pur si simplu. Si a fost ca si cum tineam 1000 de cai Si tineam pumnii cat de stransi puteam, rugandu-ne ca balonul sa nu se dezmembreze, ceea ce din fericire s-a si intamplat. Dar sfarsiturile tuturor calatoriilor cu balonul au fost, stii... ceva a parut sa mearga rau de fiecare data, si cu ocazia aceea cel care conducea balonul, mai experimentat decat mine, care ma insotea, a sarit si m-a lasat sa lupt pentru viata mea cea draga. (Rasete)
CA: Did he tell you to jump, or he just said, "I'm out of here!" and ...
Ti-a spus sa sari sau el doar a spus "Eu am plecat" si...
RB: No, he told me jump, but once his weight had gone, the balloon just shot up to 12,000 feet and I ...
Nu, mi-a spus sa sar, dar cand greutatea lui a disparut, balonul a tasnit la 3500 de metri si eu...
CA: And you inspired an Ian McEwan novel I think with that.
Si tu ai inspirat un roman de-al lui Ian McEwan cu asta, cred.
RB: Yeah. No, I put on my oxygen mask and stood on top of the balloon, with my parachute, looking at the swirling clouds below, trying to pluck up my courage to jump into the North Sea, which -- and it was a very, very, very lonely few moments. But, anyway, we managed to survive it.
Mda. Nu, mi-am pus masca de oxigen si am stat in varful balonului, cu parasuta, uitandu-ma la norii care treceau sub mine, incercand sa-mi fac curaj sa sar in Marea Nordului... si au fost cateva momente foarte, foarte, foarte singuratice. Dar, oricum, am reusit sa supravietuim.
CA: Did you jump? Or it came down in the end?
Ai sarit sau a coborat in final?
RB: Well, I knew I had about half an hour's fuel left, and I also knew that the chances were that if I jumped, I would only have a couple of minutes of life left. So I climbed back into the capsule and just desperately tried to make sure that I was making the right decision. And wrote some notes to my family. And then climbed back up again, looked down at those clouds again, climbed back into the capsule again. And then finally, just thought, there's a better way. I've got, you know, this enormous balloon above me, it's the biggest parachute ever, why not use it? And so I managed to fly the balloon down through the clouds, and about 50 feet, before I hit the sea, threw myself over. And the balloon hit the sea and went shooting back up to 10,000 feet without me. But it was a wonderful feeling being in that water and --
Ei bine, stiam ca mai am combustibil ramas cam pentru jumatate de ora, si de asemenea stiam ca sansele erau ca daca saream sa-mi mai fi ramas doar vreo 2 minute de trait. Deci m-am urcat din nou in capsula si am incercat cu disperare sa ma asigur ca luam decizia corecta. Si am scris cateva biletele familiei mele. Si dupa am urcat sus din nou, uitandu-ma in jos la acei nori din nou, si m-am catarat in capsula din nou. Si atunci mi-am dat, finalmente, seama ca exista o modalitate mai buna. Aveam, stii, acel balon enorm deasupra mea, e cea mai mare parasuta existenta, de ce sa nu o folosesc? Si astfel am reusit sa trec balonul in jos, prin nori si la vreo 15 metri, inainte sa loveasca marea, m-am aruncat. Si balonul a atins marea, si s-a ridicat cu vreo 3000 de metri fara mine. Dar era un sentiment minunat sa fiu in acea apa si...
CA: What did you write to your family?
Ce i-ai scris familiei tale?
RB: Just what you would do in a situation like that: just I love you very much. And I'd already written them a letter before going on this trip, which -- just in case anything had happened. But fortunately, they never had to use it.
Doar ce ai scrie intr-o situatie de aceea, ca ii iubesc foarte mult si deja le scrisesem o scrisoare inainte de a pleca in aceasta calatorie in cazul in care s-ar fi intamplat ceva. Dar din fericire nu au fost nevoiti sa o foloseasca.
CA: Your companies have had incredible PR value out of these heroics. The years -- and until I stopped looking at the polls, you were sort of regarded as this great hero in the U.K. and elsewhere. And cynics might say, you know, this is just a smart business guy doing what it takes to execute his particular style of marketing. How much was the PR value part of this? RB: Well, of course, the PR experts said that as an airline owner, the last thing you should be doing is heading off in balloons and boats, and crashing into the seas. (Laughter)
Companiile tale au avut parte de o promovare extraordinara din aceste fapte eroice. In acei ani, pana am incetat sa ma uit la sondaje, erai privit ca un erou foarte mare in Regatul Unit si in rest. Si cinicii ar putea spune, stii, ca acesta e doar un tip destept din lumea afacerilor care face ce e nevoie ca puna in practica stilul sau de marketing. Care a fost valoarea de PR a acestora? Ei bine, desigur, expertii in PR au spus ca, in calitate de proprietar de companie aeriana ultimul lucru pe care ar trebui sa-l faci e sa pornesti in baloane sau barci si sa cazi in mari. (Rasete)
CA: They have a point, Richard.
Au dreptate intr-un fel, Richard.
RB: In fact, I think our airline took a full page ad at the time saying, you know, come on, Richard, there are better ways of crossing the Atlantic. (Laughter)
De fapt, compania noastra aeriana cumparase o pagina intreaga pentru reclama pe atunci stii, hai Richard, sunt metode mai bune de a traversa Atlanticul. (Rasete)
CA: To do all this, you must have been a genius from the get-go, right?
Pentru a face toate astea, trebuie sa fi fost un geniu, nu?
RB: Well, I won't contradict that. (Laughter)
Nu voi contrazice asta. (Rasete)
CA: OK, this isn't exactly hardball. OK.
OK, asta nu e chiar Hardball, OK.
Didn't -- weren't you just terrible at school?
Nu erai groaznic la scoala?
RB: I was dyslexic. I had no understanding of schoolwork whatsoever. I certainly would have failed IQ tests. And it was one of the reasons I left school when I was 15 years old. And if I -- if I'm not interested in something, I don't grasp it. As somebody who's dyslexic, you also have some quite bizarre situations. I mean, for instance, I've had to -- you know, I've been running the largest group of private companies in Europe, but haven't been able to know the difference between net and gross. And so the board meetings have been fascinating. (Laughter) And so, it's like, good news or bad news? And generally, the people would say, oh, well that's bad news.
Eram dislexic, nu puteam intelege sarcinile de la scoala in niciun fel. Cu siguranta as fi picat testele IQ. Si acesta a fost unul din motivele pentru care am abandonat scoala cand aveam 15 ani. Si daca eu nu sunt interesat in ceva, nu il pot face. Ca cineva dislexic, poti avea niste situatii destul de bizare. Adica, de exemplu, a trebuit sa, stii, conduc cel mai mare grup de companii private din Europa, dar n-am fost capabil sa inteleg diferenta dintre net si brut. Si astfel, intalnirile consiliului administrativ au fost fascinante. (Rasete) Si astfel, sunt vesti bune sau proaste? Si in general oamenii ar spune ei bine, astea sunt vesti proaste.
CA: But just to clarify, the 25 billion dollars is gross, right? That's gross? (Laughter)
Doar ca sa clarificam, cele 25 de miliarde sunt brut, nu, acela e brut? (Rasete)
RB: Well, I hope it's net actually, having -- (Laughter) -- I've got it right.
Ei bine, sper sa fie net de fapt, avand... (Rasete) Am nimerit-o.
CA: No, trust me, it's gross. (Laughter)
Nu, ai incredere in mine, e brut. (Rasete)
RB: So, when I turned 50, somebody took me outside the boardroom and said, "Look Richard, here's a -- let me draw on a diagram. Here's a net in the sea, and the fish have been pulled from the sea into this net. And that's the profits you've got left over in this little net, everything else is eaten." And I finally worked it all out. (Laughter) (Applause)
Deci cand am implinit 50 de ani, cineva m-a scos din sala de consiliu si mi-a zis "Uite, Richard, aici e... lasa-ma sa-ti desenez o diagrama... aici e o plasa in mare, si pestele a fost prins din mare in aceasta plasa. Si acesta reprezinta profitul ramas in aceasta plasa mica, tot restul e mancat." Si, in sfarsit,am inteles totul. (Rasete) (Aplauze)
CA: But, I mean, at school -- so as well as being, you know, doing pretty miserably academically, but you were also the captain of the cricket and football teams. So you were kind of a -- you were a natural leader, but just a bit of a ... Were you a rebel then, or how would you ...
Dar, vreau sa spun ca la scoala, pe langa fiind stii, descurcandu-te destul de prost din punct de vedere academic, erai de asemenea capitanul echipelor de crichet si fotbal, deci erai un fel de lider natural, dar si putin... erai un rebel atunci, sau cum te-ai...
RB: Yeah, I think I was a bit of a maverick and -- but I ... And I was, yeah, I was fortunately good at sport, and so at least I had something to excel at, at school.
Da, cred ca eram putin cam razvratit si... dar eram, da, am fost foarte norocos sa fiu bun la sport si astfel am avut ceva la care sa excelez la scoala.
CA: And some bizarre things happened just earlier in your life. I mean, there's the story about your mother allegedly dumping you in a field, aged four, and saying "OK, walk home." Did this really happen?
Si cateva lucruri bizare s-au intamplat mai devreme in viata ta. Adica, exista o poveste despre mama ta lasandu-va, se spune, intr-un camp, la varsta de patru ani, spunandu-va: "OK, mergeti pe jos acasa". Chiar s-a intamplat asta?
RB: She was, you know, she felt that we needed to stand on our own two feet from an early age. So she did things to us, which now she'd be arrested for, such as pushing us out of the car, and telling us to find our own way to Granny's, about five miles before we actually got there. And making us go on wonderful, long bike rides. And we were never allowed to watch television and the like.
Ea era, stii tu, ea simtea ca aveam nevoie sa ne sprijinim pe cele doua picioare ale noastre de la o varsta frageda. Deci ne-a invatat lucruri pentru care acum ar fi arestata, cum ar fi sa ne dea jos din masina si sa ne spuna sa ne gasim drumul spre casa bunicii, cu vreo 8 kilometri inainte de a ajunge acolo. Sau sa ne faca sa mergem in calatorii extraordinare si lungi cu bicicleta. Si nu ni s-a permis niciodata sa ne uitam la televizor si tot restul.
CA: But is there a risk here? I mean, there's a lot of people in the room who are wealthy, and they've got kids, and we've got this dilemma about how you bring them up. Do you look at the current generation of kids coming up and think they're too coddled, they don't know what they've got, we're going to raise a generation of privileged ...
Dar este vreun risc in asta? Adica, exista foarte multi oameni in sala care sunt bogati si au copii, si avem aceasta dilema in legatura cu modul de crestere al copiilor. Te uiti la generatia actuala de copii care cresc si te gandesti ca sunt prea alintati, ca nu stiu ce au, si vom creste o generatie de privilegiati...
RB: No, I think if you're bringing up kids, you just want to smother them with love and praise and enthusiasm. So I don't think you can mollycoddle your kids too much really.
Nu, cred ca daca cresti copii, vrei doar sa-i sufoci cu dragoste, pretuire si entuziasm. Deci nu cred ca-ti poti rasfata copilul prea mult, de fapt.
CA: You didn't turn out too bad, I have to say, I'm ... Your headmaster said to you -- I mean he found you kind of an enigma at your school -- he said, you're either going to be a millionaire or go to prison, and I'm not sure which. Which of those happened first? (Laughter)
Nu ai ajuns prea rau, trebuie sa spun, sunt... Directorul tau ti-a spus... Adica te-a considerat un fel de enigma la scoala a spus ca fie vei fi milionar, fie vei ajunge la inchisoare, si nu sunt sigur care. Care din ele s-a intamplat primul? (Rasete)
RB: Well, I've done both. I think I went to prison first. I was actually prosecuted under two quite ancient acts in the U.K. I was prosecuted under the 1889 Venereal Diseases Act and the 1916 Indecent Advertisements Act. On the first occasion, for mentioning the word venereal disease in public, which -- we had a center where we would help young people who had problems. And one of the problems young people have is venereal disease. And there's an ancient law that says you can't actually mention the word venereal disease or print it in public. So the police knocked on the door, and told us they were going to arrest us if we carried on mentioning the word venereal disease. We changed it to social diseases and people came along with acne and spots, but nobody came with VD any more. So, we put it back to VD and promptly got arrested. And then subsequently, "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols," the word bollocks, the police decided was a rude word and so we were arrested for using the word bollocks on the Sex Pistols' album. And John Mortimer, the playwright, defended us. And he asked if I could find a linguistics expert to come up with a different definition of the word bollocks. And so I rang up Nottingham University, and I asked to talk to the professor of linguistics. And he said, "Look, bollocks is not a -- has nothing to do with balls whatsoever. It's actually a nickname given to priests in the eighteenth century." (Laughter) And he went, "Furthermore, I'm a priest myself." And so I said, "Would you mind coming to the court?" And he said he'd be delighted. And I said -- and he said, "Would you like me to wear my dog collar?" And I said, "Yes, definitely. Please." (Laughter)
Ei bine, am facut de-amandoua. Cred ca am ajuns intai la inchisoare. De fapt, am fost condamnat pentru doua legi destul de vechi in Marea Britanie. Am fost condamnat pentru Legea Bolilor Venerice din 1889 si Legea Reclamelor Indecente din 1916. In prima ocazie pentru ca am mentionat cuvantul boli venerice in public, pentru care noi am avut un centru unde ajutam tinerii cu probleme. Si una din problemele oamenilor tineri e reprezentata de bolile venerice. Si exista o lege antica in care se stipuleaza ca nu poti mentiona in public sau tipari termenul boli venerice. Deci politia a batut la usa noastra si ne-a spus ca ne vor aresta daca vom continua sa mentionam cuvantul boli venerice. Am schimbat in boli de societate si oamenii au venit la noi cu acnee si cosuri, dar nimeni n-a mai venit cu boli venerice. Deci am pus inapoi boli venerice si imediat am fost arestati. Si apoi a urmat "Ignorati aiurelile, aici sunt Sex Pistols", cuvantul "aiureli" (bollocks = si testicole), a decis politia, a fost un cuvant nepoliticos si deci am fost arestati pentru folosirea cuvantului "bollocks" pe albumul celor de la Sex Pistols. Si John Mortimer, autorul cantecului, ne-a aparat. Si a intrebat daca am putea gasi un expert lingvistic sa vina cu o definitie diferita a cuvantului "bollocks". Si am sunat la Universitatea din Nottingham, si am vrut sa vorbesc cu profesorul de lingvistica. Si el a spus "Uite, bollocks nu e... n-are nimic de-a face cu testiculele sub nicio forma.¥ E, de fapt, o porecla data preotilor in secolul XVIII". (Rasete) Si continua "cu atat mai mult, sunt chiar eu un preot". Si am zis "V-ar deranja sa veniti la tribunal?" Si a spus ca ar fi incantat. Si am zis si a adaugat "V-ar placea sa-mi port gulerul?" Si i-am zis: "Da, asta ar fi... va rog..." (Rasete)
CA: That's great.
Asta e grozav.
RB: So our key witness argued that it was actually "Never Mind the Priest, Here's the Sex Pistols." (Laughter) And the judge found us -- reluctantly found us not guilty, so ... (Laughter)
Deci martorul nostru cheie era... a argumentat ca era de fapt "Ignorati preotii, aici sunt Sex Pistols" (Rasete) Si judecatorul ne-a gasit nevinovati fara tragere de inima deci... (Rasete)
CA: That is outrageous. (Applause) So seriously, is there a dark side? A lot of people would say there's no way that someone could put together this incredible collection of businesses without knifing a few people in the back, you know, doing some ugly things. You've been accused of being ruthless. There was a nasty biography written about you by someone. Is any of it true? Is there an element of truth in it?
Asta e scandalos. (Aplauze) Deci serios, exista o parte intunecata? O multime de oameni ar spune ca e imposibil ca cineva a reusit sa formeze aceasta incredibila colectie de afaceri fara sa injunghie cativa oameni in spate, stii, facand lucruri urate. Ai fost acuzat ca esti crud. A existat si o biografie obscena scrisa despre tine de cineva. E vreo parte adevarata? Exista vreun element de adevar in acest lucru?
RB: I don't actually think that the stereotype of a businessperson treading all over people to get to the top, generally speaking, works. I think if you treat people well, people will come back and come back for more. And I think all you have in life is your reputation and it's a very small world. And I actually think that the best way of becoming a successful business leader is dealing with people fairly and well, and I like to think that's how we run Virgin.
Nu prea cred ca stereotipul unei persoane de afaceri care calca peste oameni ca sa junga in varf, functioneaza in general. Cred ca daca tratezi oamenii bine, oamenii se vor intoarce si se vor intoarce pentru mai mult. Si cred ca tot ce ai in viata este reputatia ta si este o lume foarte mica. Si cred ca cel mai bun mod de a deveni o persoana de afaceri de succes este sa te comporti cu oamenii corect si bine si imi place sa cred ca astfel conducem Virgin.
CA: And what about the people who love you and who see you spending -- you keep getting caught up in these new projects, but it almost feels like you're addicted to launching new stuff. You get excited by an idea and, kapow! I mean, do you think about life balance? How do your family feel about each time you step into something big and new?
Si cum e cu oamenii care te iubesc si te vad petrecand... te tot implici in aceste proiecte noi, dar se percepe aproape ca ai fi dependent de lansarea unor lucruri noi. Devii incantat de o idee si, kapow! Adica, te gandesti la echilibrul vietii? Cum se simte familia ta de fiecare data cand te aventurezi in ceva mare si nou?
RB: I also believe that being a father's incredibly important, so from the time the kids were very young, you know, when they go on holiday, I go on holiday with them. And so we spend a very good sort of three months away together. Yes, I'll, you know, be in touch. We're very lucky, we have this tiny little island in the Caribbean and we can -- so I can take them there and we can bring friends, and we can play together, but I can also keep in touch with what's going on.
Si eu cred ca sa fii tata e extrem de important, deci de cand copiii erau foarte mici stii, cand ei merg in vacanta merg si eu cu ei. Si astfel petrecem trei luni departe intr-un mod foarte placut. Da, voi tine legatura. Suntem foarte noroccosi, ca avem aceasta insula micuta in Marea Caraibilor si putem... pot sa ii iau acolo si putem aduce si prieteni, si ne putem juca impreuna, dar pot, de asemenea, sa tin legatura cu ce se intampla.
CA: You started talking in recent years about this term capitalist philanthropy. What is that?
Ai inceput sa vorbesti recent despre acest termen - filantropie capitalista. Ce reprezinta?
RB: Capitalism has been proven to be a system that works. You know, the alternative, communism, has not worked. But the problem with capitalism is extreme wealth ends up in the hands of a few people, and therefore extreme responsibility, I think, goes with that wealth. And I think it's important that the individuals, who are in that fortunate position, do not end up competing for bigger and bigger boats, and bigger and bigger cars, but, you know, use that money to either create new jobs or to tackle issues around the world.
Capitalismul s-a dovedit a fi un sistem care functioneaza. Stii, alternativa, comunismul, n-a functionat. Dar problema cu capitalismul e ca bogatia extrema ajunge in mainile a foarte putini oameni, si, deci, responsabilitatea extrema, cred, merge cu acea bogatie. Si cred ca e important ca indivizii care sunt in acea pozitie foarte norocoasa, sa nu ajunga sa concureze pentru barci din ce in ce mai mari si masini din ce in ce mai mari, ci sa foloseasca banii fie pentru a crea slujbe, fie pentru a rezolva probleme in jurul lumii.
CA: And what are the issues that you worry about most, care most about, want to turn your resources toward?
Si care sunt problemele care te ingrijoreaza cel mai mult si de care iti pasa cel mai mult, si spre care vrei sa-ti intorci resursele?
RB: Well, there's -- I mean there's a lot of issues. I mean global warming certainly is a massive threat to mankind and we are putting a lot of time and energy into, A, trying to come up with alternative fuels and, B, you know, we just launched this prize, which is really a prize in case we don't get an answer on alternative fuels, in case we don't actually manage to get the carbon emissions cut down quickly, and in case we go through the tipping point. We need to try to encourage people to come up with a way of extracting carbon out of the Earth's atmosphere. And we just -- you know, there weren't really people working on that before, so we wanted people to try to -- all the best brains in the world to start thinking about that, and also to try to extract the methane out of the Earth's atmosphere as well. And actually, we've had about 15,000 people fill in the forms saying they want to give it a go. And so we only need one, so we're hopeful.
Ei bine, exista... sunt o multime de probleme. Adica incalzirea golbala cu siguranta e o amenintare masiva asupra omenirii si investim o multime de timp si energie in: A) incercand sa gasim carburanti alternativi si B), stii, abia am lansat acest premiu, care chiar e un premiu in cazul in care nu primim un raspuns pentru carburanti alternativi, in cazul in care nu reusim sa reducem emisiile de carbon rapid si in cazul in care ajungem la punctul maxim, avem nevoie sa incurajam oamenii sa gaseasca un mod de a extrage carbonul din atmosfera pamantului. Si noi doar... stii, nu erau oamenii preocupati de asta inainte, deci vrem ca oamenii sa incerce sa... cele mai mari creiere ale lumii sa se gandeasca la asta, si sa incerce sa extraga metanul din atmosfera Pamantului de asemenea. Si am avut chiar 15.000 de oameni care au completat formularele spunand ca vor sa incerce. Si astfel avem nevoie doar de unul, deci suntem optimisti.
CA: And you're also working in Africa on a couple of projects?
Si lucrezi si la vreo doua proiecte in Africa?
RB: Yes, I mean, we've got -- we're setting up something called the war room, which is maybe the wrong word. We're trying to -- maybe we'll change it -- but anyway, it's a war room to try to coordinate all the attack that's going on in Africa, all the different social problems in Africa, and try to look at best practices. So, for instance, there's a doctor in Africa that's found that if you give a mother antiretroviral drugs at 24 weeks, when she's pregnant, that the baby will not have HIV when it's born. And so disseminating that information to around the rest of Africa is important.
Da, adica avem... construim ceva numit "camera de razboi" care e probabil expresia gresita... incercam sa... probabil o s-o schimb, dar, oricum, e o camera de razboi prin care incercam sa coordonam toate atacurile care au loc in Africa, diferitele problemele sociale ale Africii, si sa incercam sa ne uitam la cele mai bune practici. Deci, de exemplu, exista un doctor in Africa care a descoperit ca daca ii dai unei mame medicamente antiretrovirale la 24 de saptamani de sarcina, bebelusul nu va avea HIV la nastere. Si astfel, diseminand aceasta informatie catre restul Africii e important.
CA: The war room sounds, it sounds powerful and dramatic. And is there a risk that the kind of the business heroes of the West get so excited about -- I mean, they're used to having an idea, getting stuff done, and they believe profoundly in their ability to make a difference in the world. Is there a risk that we go to places like Africa and say, we've got to fix this problem and we can do it, I've got all these billions of dollars, you know, da, da, da -- here's the big idea. And kind of take a much more complex situation and actually end up making a mess of it. Do you worry about that?
Camera de razboi suna, suna puternic si dramatic. Dar exista un risc ca acest fel de eroi de afaceri din vest sa devina atat de entuziasmati, adica sunt obisnuiti sa aiba o idee, sa faca lucruri si cred profund in abilitatile lor de a schimba lumea. Exista riscul sa ajungem in locuri precum Africa si sa spunem, ca trebuie sa rezlvam aceasta problema si o putem face, am toate miliardele acestea de dolari, stii, da, da, da... uite ideea mea mareata. Si sa iau o situatie mult mai complexa si sa ajung sa fac un fiasco din ea. Te ingrijoreaza asta?
RB: Well, first of all, on this particular situation, we're actually -- we're working with the government on it. I mean, Thabo Mbeki's had his problems with accepting HIV and AIDS are related, but this is a way, I think, of him tackling this problem and instead of the world criticizing him, it's a way of working with him, with his government. It's important that if people do go to Africa and do try to help, they don't just go in there and then leave after a few years. It's got to be consistent. But I think business leaders can bring their entrepreneurial know-how and help governments approach things slightly differently. For instance, we're setting up clinics in Africa where we're going to be giving free antiretroviral drugs, free TB treatment and free malaria treatment. But we're also trying to make them self-sustaining clinics, so that people pay for some other aspects.
Ei bine, in primul rand, in aceasta situatie particulara noi, de fapt, lucram cu guvernul asupra ei. Adica, Thabo Mbeki a avut problemele lui in acceptarea faptului ca HIV si SIDA sunt relationate dar exista un mod, cred, de a-l determina sa se implice in aceasta problema in loc ca lumea sa-l critice, e un mod de a lucra cu el, cu guvernul lui. E important ca oamenii sa mearga in Africa si sa incerce sa ajute, ei nu doar merg acolo si pleaca dupa cativa ani. Trebuie sa fie consecvent. Dar cred ca liderii din lumea afacerilor pot aduce cunostintele lor antreprenoriale si ajuta guvernele sa faca lucrurile usor diferit. De exemplu, noi constituim clinici in Africa unde vom da medicamente antiretrovirale, tratament pentru tuberculoza gratis si tratament gratis pentru malaria. Dar incercam, de asemenea, sa facem clinici auto-sustenabile astfel incat oamenii sa plateasca alte aspecte.
CA: I mean a lot of cynics say about someone like yourself, or Bill Gates, or whatever, that this is really being -- it's almost driven by some sort of desire again, you know, for the right image, for guilt avoidance and not like a real philanthropic instinct. What would you say to them?
Adica, o multime de cinici spun despre cineva ca tine sau Bill Gates sau oricine altcineva, ca asta e aproape ghidata de un fel de dorinta, din nou, pentru imaginea corecta, pentru evitarea vinei si nu dintr-un instinct filantropic real. Ce le-ai spune?
RB: Well, I think that everybody -- people do things for a whole variety of different reasons and I think that, you know, when I'm on me deathbed, I will want to feel that I've made a difference to other people's lives. And that may be a selfish thing to think, but it's the way I've been brought up. I think if I'm in a position to radically change other people's lives for the better, I should do so.
Ei bine, cred ca toti... oamenii fac lucruri pentru o varietate de motive diferite si cred ca, stii, cand voi fi pe patul de moarte vreau sa simt ca am insemnat ceva in vietile altor oameni. Si asta poate e un lucru egoist la care sa te gandesti, dar e modul in care am fost crescut. Si cred ca daca sunt intr-o pozitie de a schimba radical vietile altor oameni in bine, ar trebui sa o fac.
CA: How old are you?
Cati ani ai?
RB: I'm 56.
Am 56 de ani.
CA: I mean, the psychologist Erik Erikson says that -- as I understand him and I'm a total amateur -- but that during 30s, 40s people are driven by this desire to grow and that's where they get their fulfillment. 50s, 60s, the mode of operation shifts more to the quest for wisdom and a search for legacy. I mean, it seems like you're still a little bit in the growth phases, you're still doing these incredible new plans. How much do you think about legacy, and what would you like your legacy to be?
Adica, psihologul Erik Erikson spune ca, asa cum inteleg eu, si sunt un amator total, dar ca la 30, 40 de ani, oamenii sunt ghidati de dorinta asta de a creste si atunci ajung la implinire, la 50, 60 de ani, modul de operare se schimba mai mult spre cautarea intelepciunii si in cautarea unei mosteniri. Adica, pare ca inca esti putin in faza de crestere, ca inca faci aceste planuri noi absolut incredibile. Cat de mult crezi in aceasta mostenire si ce ti-ar placea sa fie?
RB: I don't think I think too much about legacy. I mean, I like to -- you know, my grandmother lived to 101, so hopefully I've got another 30 or 40 years to go. No, I just want to live life to its full. You know, if I can make a difference, I hope to be able to make a difference. And I think one of the positive things at the moment is you've got Sergey and Larry from Google, for instance, who are good friends. And, thank God, you've got two people who genuinely care about the world and with that kind of wealth. If they had that kind of wealth and they didn't care about the world, it would be very worrying. And you know they're going to make a hell of a difference to the world. And I think it's important that people in that kind of position do make a difference.
Nu cred ca ma gandesc prea mult la mostenire. Adica, imi place sa... stii, bunica a trait pana la 101 ani, deci sper ca mai am vreo 30 sau 40 de ani ramasi. Nu, doar vreau sa traiesc viata la maximum. Stii, daca eu pot face diferenta, sper sa fiu capabil sa o fac. Si cred ca unul din lucrurile pozitive acum e ca exista Sergey si Larry de la Google de exemplu, care sunt buni prieteni. Si, slava Domnului, ai doi oameni carora le pasa cu adevarat de lume si cu o astfel de bogatie. Si daca ei ar avea acel fel de bogatie si nu le-ar pasa de lume, ar fi foarte ingrijorator. Si stii ca vor face o diferenta enorma in lume. Si cred ca e important ca oamenii din astfel de pozitii sa faca diferenta.
CA: Well, Richard, when I was starting off in business, I knew nothing about it and I also was sort of -- I thought that business people were supposed to just be ruthless and that that was the only way you could have a chance of succeeding. And you actually did inspire me. I looked at you, I thought, well, he's made it. Maybe there is a different way. So I would like to thank you for that inspiration, and for coming to TED today. Thank you. Thank you so much. (Applause)
Ei bine, Richard, cand am inceput eu in afaceri nu stiam nimic despre asta si eram, de asemenea, credeam ca oamenii de afaceri erau meniti doar sa fie cruzi si ca acela era singurul mod de a avea o sansa sa reusesti. Si tu chiar m-ai inspirat. M-am uitat la tine, m-am gandit ei bine, a reusit, poate exista si alt mod. Deci as vrea sa-ti multumesc pentru aceasta inspiratie si pentru ca ai venit la TED azi. Multumesc. Multumesc foarte mult. (Aplauze)