I want to talk to you about something kind of big. We'll start here. Sixty-five million years ago --
Hteo bih da vam pričam o nečemu prilično važnom. Počnimo odavde. Pre 65 miliona godina
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
the dinosaurs had a bad day.
dinosaurusi su imali loš dan.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
A chunk of rock six miles across, moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet, slammed into the Earth. It released its energy all at once, and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing. If you took every nuclear weapon ever built at the height of the Cold War, lumped them together, and blew them up at the same time, that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment. The dinosaurs had a really bad day. OK?
Kamenčina prečnika deset kilometara koja se kretala oko 50 puta brže od brzine metka, tresnula je u Zemlju. U jedom trenutku je oslobodila svu svoju energiju, bila je to neverovatna eksplozija. Ako uzmete kompletno nuklearno naoružanje napravljeno na vrhuncu Hladnog rata, sakupljeno zajedno i aktivirano u istom trenutku, to bi bio jedan milioniti deo energije koja je tada bila oslobođena. Bio je to izuzetno loš dan za dinosauruse. Deset kilometara širok kamen je veoma veliki.
Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large. We all live here in Boulder. If you look out your window and see Longs Peak -- you're probably familiar with it -- now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space. Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Lump that in there, and put that in space as well. And Mt. Everest. And K2. And the Indian peaks. Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK? We know it was that big because of the impact it had and the crater it left. It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico. You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula, if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there. Here is how big of a crater was left. It was huge.
Svi mi živimo ovde u Bolderu. Ukoliko pogledate kroz prozor videćete planinu Longs Pik, verovatno je prepoznajete. Sad, iskopajmo Longs Pik i izdvojmo je u kosmos. Uzmimo Miker, planinu Miker. Dodajmo je tamo i stavimo i nju u kosmos, i Mont Everest, i K2, I indijske vrhove. Sada tek počinjete da dobijate predstavu o koliko kamenja pričamo, razumete? Znamo da je bio toliko veliki zbog siline udara i kratera koji je ostavio. Udario je u ono što mi poznajemo kao Jukatan, u Meksičkom zalivu. Ovde možete videti, tamo je poluostrvo Jukatan, ukoliko prepoznajete Konzumel tamo pored istočne obale. Ovoliko je bio veliki krater. Bio je ogroman.
To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go. The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom. This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles -- an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet, threw up enough dust to block out the sun. It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth. Now, not all asteroids are that big.
Da biste dobili osećaj veličine, u redu, osamdeset kilometara na vrhu, stotinu kilometara pri dnu. Ovo je bilo 300 kilometara u prečniku - 200 milja - neverovatan krater koji je izbacio ogromnu količinu zemlje koja se rasprskala unaokolo planete, a zatim zapalio požare po celoj planeti, izbacio dovoljno prašine da zamrači Sunce. Uništio je 75 procenata svih vrsta na Zemlji. Ali nisu svi asteroidi toliko veliki.
Some of them are smaller. Here is one that came in over the United States in October of 1992. It came in on a Friday night. Why is that important? Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular, and parents would bring them to their kids' football games to film their kids playing football. And since this came in on a Friday, they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey until it did that to a car in New York.
Neki su manji. Ovo je jedan koji je prošao preko Sjedinjenih Država oktobra 1992. Pojavio se jednog petka uveče. Zašto je to važno? Zato što su tada video kamere tek postajale popularne i ljudi bi ih poneli, roditelji bi ih poneli, na utakmice svoje dece da bi ih snimili dok igraju fudbal. I budući da se pojavio u petak, bili su u prilici da snime kako se razlamao dok je preletao preko zapadne Virdžinije, Merilenda, Pensilvanije i Nju Džersija sve dok nije ovo učinio automobilu u Njujorku.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater, but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here, about the size of a football, that hit that car and did that damage. Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus when it first came in. It broke up through atmospheric pressure, it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart and did some damage. Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head, because it would do that to it. That would be bad. But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.
Svakako, ovo nije 320 kilometara širok krater, ali ipak možete videti kamen koji stoji pored, otprilike veličine fudbalske lopte, koji je pogodio onaj automobil i pričinio štetu. Ovo je verovatno bilo veličine školskog autobusa kada se pojavilo. Razlomilo se usled atmosferskog pritiska, razmrvilo i raspalo na komadiće i učinilo neku štetu. Svakako, ne biste voleli da vam je pao na nogu ili glavu, jer bi vas ozbiljno povredilo. A, to bi bilo loše. Na sreću ne bi uništilo celokupni život na Zemlji,
But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across to do a lot of damage. There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock, and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona, there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic that it is actually called "Meteor Crater." To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide. If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot, and those are recreational vehicles right there. So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep. The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across, so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here. It came in at speeds that were tremendous, slammed into the ground, blew up, and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb -- a very hefty bomb. This was 50,000 years ago, so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope, or something like that out in the desert, but it probably would not have caused global devastation.
tako da je u redu. Ali ipak, nije potrebno nešto prečnika deset kilometara da bi učinilo mnogo štete. Postoji srednja veličina, između kamenčića i ogromnih stena, i zapravo, ako je neko od vas ikada posetio Vinslou u Arizoni, tamo je krater u pustinji koji je toliko poznat da je nazvan Meteor krater. Da biste dobili osećaj veličine, on je širok oko jedan ipo kilometar. Ukoliko pogledate na vrh, tamo je parking, a ono tamo su kamp-vozila. Znači da je oko kilometar ipo širok, a 180 metara dubok. Objekat koji ga je stvorio je verovatno bio prečnika 27 do 45 metara, grubo veličine ovog "Meki" auditorijuma. Došao je neverovatnom brzinom, tresnuo u površinu, razleteo se i eksplodirao energijom otprilike nuklearne bombe od 20 megatona - veoma moćna bomba. Ovo se desilo pre 50.000 godina, tako da je verovatno ubilo nekoliko bufala ili antilopa ili nečeg sličnog tamo u pustinji, ali verovatno nije uzrokovao globalnu pustoš.
It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground to do a lot of damage. Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region -- for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters," when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift since the Siberia blast of 1909, where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.
Ispostavilo se da oni ne moraju da udare u zemlju da bi učinili mnogo štete. 1908. iznad Sibira, u blizini regiona Tunguska - za vas koji ste obožavaoci Dena Akrojda i gledali "Ghoustbusterse" kada je pričao o najvećem među-dimenzionalnom prolazu od eksplozije u Sibiru 1909, rekao je pogrešan datum, ali nema veze.
(Laughter)
Bilo je to 1908. Nije bitno. Izdrzaću.
It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere and this one blew up above the ground, several miles up above the surface of the Earth. The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it, and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees for hundreds of square miles. This did a huge amount of damage. And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size of this auditorium that we're sitting in. In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal, and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground. The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock, and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.
Drugi kamen je došao u Zemljinu atmosferu, i ovaj je eksplodirao iznad površine, nekoliko kilometara iznad Zemljinog tla. Vrelina eksplozije je zapalila šumu ispod i razvila talas koji je oborio drveće na površini od nekoliko stotina kvadratnih kilometara, razumete? Ovo je učinilo ogromnu štetu. Ponovo, ovo je bio kamen otprilike veličine ovog auditorijuma u kome sedimo. Meteor je bio sačinjen od metala, metal je mnogo tvrđi, tako da je uspeo da stigne do zemlje. Onaj iznad Tunguske je verovatno bio sačinjen od kamena, a on se mnogo lakše mrvi, tako da se razleteo u vazduhu.
Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons. Now, when these things blow up, they're not going to do global ecological damage. They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did. They're just not big enough. But they will do global economic damage, because they don't have to hit, necessarily, to do this kind of damage. They don't have to do global devastation. If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere, it would cause a panic. But if it came over a city, an important city -- not that any city is more important than others, but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis -- that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization. So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --
Bilo kako, ovo su ogromne eksplozije, 20 megatona. Kada eksplodiraju, oni neće napraviti globalnu ekološku katastrofu. Oni neće učiniti ništa slično uništenju dinosaurusa. Oni jednostavno nisu dovoljno krupni. Ali, učinice globalnu, ekonomsku štetu, zato što nije neophodno da nas udare kako bi pričinili ovakvu štetu. Ne moraju da učine globalno uništenje. Ukoliko neki od njih igde udari, proizveo bi paniku. Ali, ako bi prešao iznad grada, važnog grada - nije da su neki gradovi važniji od drugih, ali od nekih zavisimo više od drugih na globalnoj, ekonomskoj skali - to bi nam moglo pričiniti ogromnu štetu, nama kao civilizaciji. Dakle, sada kada sam vas uplašio...
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
what can we do about this? This is a potential threat. Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer for 65 million years. They're very rare. The smaller ones happen more often, but probably on the order of a millennium, every few centuries or every few thousand years. But it's still something to be aware of. Well, what do we do about them? The first thing we have to do is find them. This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009. It's right here. But you can see that it's extremely faint. I don't know if you can see that in the back row. These are just stars.
šta bismo mogli učiniti? Ovo je potencijalna pretnja. Primetićete da nismo imali katastrofalan udar kao onaj koji je uništio dinosauruse u poslednjih 65 miliona godina. Oni su veoma retki. Manji se događaju mnogo češće, ali na milenijumskoj skali, verovatno svakih nekoliko vekova ili nekoliko hiljada godina, ali ipak je to nešto čega moramo biti svesni. Šta možemo da učinimo? Prvo moramo da ih pronađemo. Ovo je slika asteroida koji nas je prošao 2009. Evo ga ovde. Možete primetiti da je poprilično nejasno. Ne znam da li možete videti iz poslednjeg reda. Ovo su samo zvezde.
This is a rock that was about 30 yards across, so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago. These things are faint. They're hard to see, and the sky is really big. We have to find these things first. Well, the good news is, we're looking for them. NASA has devoted money to this; the National Science Foundation and other countries are interested in doing this. We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.
Ovo je kamen koji je bio oko 28 metara u prečniku znači otprilike, veličine onoga koji se razleteo iznad Tunguske i onoga koji je pogodio Arizonu pre 50.000 godina. Oni su nejasni. Teško se vide, a nebo je zaista ogromno. Mi moramo brzo da ih uočimo. Dobra vest je da ih tražimo. NASA je namenila novac za ovo. Nacionalna naučna fondacija i druge zemlje su veoma zainteresovane za ovo. Gradimo teleskope koji će tražiti ovu pretnju. To je odličan prvi korak, ali šta je drugi korak?
That's a great first step. But what's the second step? The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it. What do we do? You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis. If you haven't yet, you will. If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse, you're going to hear about Apophis, because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.
Drugi korak je da primetimo onaj koji ide prema nama, moramo ga zaustaviti. Šta da uradimo? Verovatno ste čuli za asteroid Apofiz. Ukoliko niste, čućete. Ako ste čuli za kalendar Maja i apokalipsu 2012, čućete i za Apofiz, zato što su vezani za teoriju o sudnjem danu. (Smeh)
(Laughter)
Apofiz je asteroid koji je otkriven 2004.
Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004. It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big -- bigger than a football stadium. And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029. And it's going to pass us so close that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites. The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much that if it's just right, if it passes through this region of space, this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole, the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later, on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --
Otprilike je 230 metara u prečniku, znači da je prilično krupan, razumete, veći od fudbalskog stadiona - i proći će pored Zemlje u aprilu 2029. Proći će pored nas toliko blizu da će ustvari proći ispod naših meteoroloških satelita. Zemljina gravitacija će zakriviti njegovu putanju toliko, da je moguće da, ukoliko prođe ovaj region u svemiru, ovaj region u obliku pasulja poznat kao ključaonica, Zemljina gravitacija će ga zakriviti sasvim dovoljno da sedam godina kasnije, 13. aprila, a to je petak, primetiću, godine 2036 -
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
you can't plan that kind of stuff --
tako nešto ne možete planirati -
(Laughter)
da će nas Apofiz pogoditi.
Apophis is going to hit us. And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage. The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly -- very, very low odds. So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all. I don't think Apophis is a problem. In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise, because it woke us up to the dangers of these things. This thing was discovered just a few years ago and could hit us a few years from now. It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.
On je prečnika 250 metara, znači učinio bi nevrovatnu štetu. Dobra vest je da verovatnoća da će proći kroz ključaonicu i pogoditi nas sledeći put kada naiđe, je jedan od milion, otprilike, veoma, veoma slaba, tako da ja lično nisam budan noćima zbog brige o ovome. Ja mislim da Apofiz nije problem. U stvari, Apofiz je prikriveni blagoslov, zato što nas je upozorio na opasnosti od asteroida. Ovaj je otkriven pre svega nekoliko godina i mogao bi nas pogoditi u narednih nekoliko godina. Neće, ali nam daje šansu da proučimo ovakve asteroide.
We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do, and it turns out that's really important, because how do you stop an asteroid like this? Well, let me ask you: What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you? What do you do? You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you. But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily, but we can move a small asteroid.
Uistinu mi nismo razumeli ove ključaonice, ali sada ih razumemo, a to je veoma važno, jer kako da zaustavimo ovakve asteroide? I da vas pitam, šta radite ako stojite na putu i automobil ide prema vama? Šta radite? Ovo. Je li tako? I automobil prođe pored vas. Ali ne možemo pomeriti Zemlju, barem ne jednostavno, ali možemo pomeriti mali asteroid.
And it turns out, we've even done it. In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact, which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet. Comets are very much like asteroids. The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way; the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material and see what was underneath the surface of this comet, which we learned quite a bit about. We did move the comet a little tiny bit -- not very much, but that wasn't the point. However, think about this: This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second. We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK? Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it. That means we can do it again. If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us, and we have two years to go? Boom! We hit it. You know, if you watch the movies --
U stvari, to smo već radili. Godine 2005, NASA je lansirala sondu nazvanu "Deep Impact", koja se sudarila i zarila jedan svoj deo u središte komete. Komete su prilično slične asteroidima. Svrha nije bila da se ona skrene sa putanje. Svrha je bila napraviti krater i izdvojiti materijal i videti šta je ispod površine ove komete, o čemu smo naučili mnogo. Malo smo pomerili kometu ne mnogo, ali to i nije bio cilj. Međutim, razmislite o ovome. Ona kruži oko Sunca brzinom 15 ili 20 kilometara u sekundi. Lansirali smo sondu i pogodili je. Zamislite koliko je to teško, ali smo uspeli. To znači da možemo to učiniti ponovo. Ukoliko primetimo asteroid koji dolazi prema nama, i ide pravo na nas, i imamo samo dve godine, tras, pogodak. Možete pomisliti - ukoliko gledate filmove,
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
you might think: Why don't we use a nuclear weapon? Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing. Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing, you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance, or else you'll miss it. And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do. But just hitting something? That's pretty easy. I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.
možete pomisliti, zašto ne upotrebimo nuklearno oružje? Pa, možemo to pokušati, ali problem je u vremenu. Ako ispalimo nuklearno oružje na ovu stvar, moramo ga aktivirati u nekoliko milisekundi tolerancije ili ćemo je promašiti. A ima tu i mnogo drugih problema sa tim. To je jako teško uraditi. Ali samo pogoditi nešto? To je veoma lako. Verujem da čak i NASA to može, dokazali su da mogu. (Smeh)
(Laughter)
Problem je, šta ako pogodimo ovaj asteroid,
The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit, you measure the orbit, then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole, and now it's going to hit us in three years. Well, my opinion is: fine! It's not hitting us in six months -- that's good.
promenimo mu putanju, premerimo orbitu i otkrijemo, uh, da, upravo smo ga gurnuli kroz ključaonicu i sada će nas pogoditi za tri godine. Pa, po mom mišljenju, to je u redu, OK? Neće nas pogoditi kroz šest meseci. I to je dobro.
Now we have three years to do something else. And you can hit it again. That's kind of ham-fisted; you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever, so you don't do that. And this is the part -- it's the part I just love.
Sada imamo tri godine da smislimo nešto. Možemo ga još jednom pogoditi. To je pomalo lutrija. Možemo ga gurnuti u treću ključaonicu ili slično, pa to nećemo uraditi. A ovo je deo, deo koji ja prosto volim.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face," then we bring in the velvet gloves.
Nakon velikog mačo, "Grrrrrr TRAS! Udarićemo ga posred lica", ipak ćemo doneti plišane rukavice.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts, and they call themselves The B612 Foundation. For those of you who've read "The Little Prince," you understand that reference, I hope -- the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612. These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers. Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this. Dan Durda, my friend who made this image, works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street. He created this image for this. He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them. If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth and we have enough time, we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.
Postoji grupa naučnika i inženjera i astronauta koji sebe nazivaju Fondacija B612 Vi koji ste pročitali "Malog princa", razumećete, nadam se. Mali princ je živeo na asteroidu koji se zvao B612. Ovo su pametni ljudi - muškarci i žene - astronauti, kao što rekoh, inženjeri. Rasti Šveikart, koji je bio astronaut na Apolu 9, i on je ovde. Den Darda, moj prijatelj koji je napravio ovu sliku, radi ovde, u Jugozapadnom istraživačkom centru u Bulderu, u Ulici Volnat. On je napravio ovu sliku za ovo i on je zapravo jedan od astronoma koji radi za njih. Ukoliko vidimo asteroid koji će pogoditi Zemlju i ukoliko imamo dovoljno vremena, možemo ga pogoditi i pomeriti u bolju orbitu.
But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two. It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big -- and you park it near the asteroid. You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end. It's very hard to land on them. Instead you get near it. The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe, and the probe has a couple of tons of mass. It has a little tiny bit of gravity, but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid, and you have your rocket set up -- you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes -- and these guys are connected by their own gravity, and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently, you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit. You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it, although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.
I onda ćemo lansirati sondu koja je teška tonu ili dve. Ne mora da bude ogromna - par tona, ne prevelika - i parkiraćemo je u blizini asteroida. Nećemo sleteti na njega, jer oni se prevrću i obrću. Veoma je teško sleteti na njih. Umesto toga samo ćemo im prići blizu. Gravitacija asteroida će povući sondu, a sonda ima masu od par tona. Ima veoma slabu gravitaciju, ali i to je dovoljno da povuče asteroid, a imamo i pripremljene rakete, tako da - ah, ovde možete jedva videti, ali ovde su raketni otvori - i u osnovi, oni su povezani sa njihovom gravitacijom, i ukoliko pomerimo sondu veoma polako, veoma, veoma nežno, možemo veoma lako pomeriti kamen u sigurnu orbitu. Možemo ga čak i postaviti u Zemljinu orbitu gde ga možemo iskopavati, ali to je potpuno nova tema.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But we'd be rich!
Ali, obogatili bismo se!
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So think about this, right? There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us, and they're doing damage to us. But we've figured out how to do this, and all the pieces are in place to do this. We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them. We have very, very smart people, who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem, and we have the technology to do this. This probe actually can't use chemical rockets. Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push. The probe would just shoot away.
Mislite o tome, razumete? Ovo džinovsko kamenje leti tamo, i udara u nas, i čini nam štetu, ali mi smo naučili kako da uradimo ovo, a i posedujemo sve potrebno da bismo to izveli. Imamo astronome raspoređene sa teleskopima koji ih traže. Imamo pametne ljude, veoma, veoma pametne ljude, koji su zabrinuti za ovo i pokušavaju da reše problem, a imamo tehnologiju da to uradimo. Zapravo, ova sonda ne može da koristi hemijske rakete. One proizvode prejak potisak, previše snage. Sonda bi jednostavno nekontrolisano odletela.
We invented something called an ion drive, which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine. It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand -- incredibly light, but it can run for months and years, providing that very gentle push. If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek," they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive, and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated. They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive." Yeah, we have an ion drive now. We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.
Izumeli smo nešto nazvano jonski pogon, a to je motor sa veoma, veoma slabim potiskom. Stvara silu kao parče papira na vašoj ruci, izuzetno slabu, ali može da radi mesecima i godinama, stvarajući veoma nežan potisak. Ako je neko ovde ljubitelj originala "Zvezdanih staza", oni su naišli na vanzemaljski brod koji je imao jonski pogon, a Spok je rekao, "Oni su veoma tehnički usavršeni. Sa ovim pogonom, oni su stotine godina ispred nas." Da, mi sada imamo jonski pogon. Nemamo Enterprajz, ali za sada imamo jon pogon.
(Laughter)
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Spok.
Spock.
(Smeh)
(Laughter) So ... That's the difference -- that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs. This happened to them. It doesn't have to happen to us. The difference between the dinosaurs and us is that we have a space program and we can vote, and so we can change our future.
Dakle... to je razlika, to je razlika između nas i dinosaurusa. Njima se ovo dogodilo. Ali ne mora da se dogodi nama. Razlika između dinosaurusa i nas je da mi imamo svemirski program i mi možemo da glasamo, i možemo da promenimo našu budućnost.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
We have the ability to change our future. Sixty-five million years from now, we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum. Thank you very much.
Mi imamo sposobnost da promenimo budućnost. Kroz 65 miliona godina naše kosti ne moraju da skupljaju prašinu u muzeju. Mnogo vam hvala.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)