I want to talk to you about something kind of big. We'll start here. Sixty-five million years ago --
Ma tahan teiega rääkida ühest üsna suurest asjast. Alustame siit. 65 millionit aastat tagasi
(Laughter)
oli dinosaurustel halb päev.
the dinosaurs had a bad day.
(naer)
(Laughter)
Kivikamakas, mis oli kuus miili lai,
A chunk of rock six miles across, moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet, slammed into the Earth. It released its energy all at once, and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing. If you took every nuclear weapon ever built at the height of the Cold War, lumped them together, and blew them up at the same time, that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment. The dinosaurs had a really bad day. OK?
liikudes umbes 50 korda kiiremini vintpüssi kuulist, prantsatas vastu Maad. See vallandas kogu oma energia ainsa hetkega, ning see plahvatus oli meelinüristav Kui sa võtaksid kõik tuumarelvad, mis iial ehitatud Külma Sõja ajal, kuhjaksid need kokku ja laseks õhku samal ajal, siis võrduks see ühe miljondikuga energiast, mis vallandus sellel hetkel. Dinosaurustel oli tõesti halb päev. Arusaadav?
Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large. We all live here in Boulder. If you look out your window and see Longs Peak -- you're probably familiar with it -- now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space. Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Lump that in there, and put that in space as well. And Mt. Everest. And K2. And the Indian peaks. Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK? We know it was that big because of the impact it had and the crater it left. It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico. You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula, if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there. Here is how big of a crater was left. It was huge.
Niisiis, kuus miili lai kivi on väga suur. Me kõik elame siin Boulder -is Kui sa vaatad oma aknast välja ja näed Long's Peak -i, oled sa sellega arvatavasti tuttav. Nüüd, kühvelda kokku Long's Peak, ja aseta see kosmosesse Võta Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Kühvelda kokku see, ja aseta see ka kosmosesse, ja Mt. Everest ja K2, ja Indiaani mäeharjad. Siis hakkad sa aru saama, kui suurest kivist me räägime, selge? Me teame, et see oli nii suur kokkupõrke tõttu, mis toimus ja tekitas kraatri. See tabas kohta, mida me nüüd tunneme Yucatan -ina, Mehhiko lahena. Sa võid siit näha, siin on Yucatan Peninsula, kui sa tunned ära Cozumel -i idarannikul. Tekkis nii suur kraater.
To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go. The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom. This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles -- an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet, threw up enough dust to block out the sun. It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth. Now, not all asteroids are that big.
See oli üüratu. Et anda teile suurustaju, hea küll, siin see on. Suurus on 50 miili ülevalt, sada kilomeetrit alt. See asi oli 300 kilomeetrit lai - 200 miili - tohutu suur kraater, mis rebis lahti suure koguse maapinnast, mis lendas üle maakera ja tekitas tulekahjusid üle terve planeedi, ning keerutas üles piisavalt tolmu, et blokeerida päike. See pühkis minema 75 protsenti kõigist liikidest Maal Kuigi, kõik asteroidid ei ole nii suured.
Some of them are smaller. Here is one that came in over the United States in October of 1992. It came in on a Friday night. Why is that important? Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular, and parents would bring them to their kids' football games to film their kids playing football. And since this came in on a Friday, they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey until it did that to a car in New York.
Mõned neist on väiksemad. See siin lendas üle Ameerika Ühendriikide oktoobris 1992. See tuli reede õhtul. Miks on see tähtis? Sest siis hakkasid videokaamerad muutuma populaarseks ja inimesed kandsid neid kaasas, vanemad võtsid neid kaasa oma laste jalgpallimängudele, et oma lapsi filmida jalgpalli mängimas. Ja kuna see tuli reedel, olid nad võimelised jäädvustama selle suurepärase salvestise asteroidist harunemas, kui see tuli üle Lääne-Virginia, Maryland -i, Pennsylvania. ja New Jersey kuni see tegi seda autole New York -is.
(Laughter)
(naer)
Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater, but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here, about the size of a football, that hit that car and did that damage. Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus when it first came in. It broke up through atmospheric pressure, it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart and did some damage. Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head, because it would do that to it. That would be bad. But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.
Niisiid, see ei ole 200 miili laiune kraater, kuid siiski võid sa näha kivi, mis istub seal samas, umbes jalgpalli suurune, mis lendas vastu seda autot ja tegi selle kahjustuse. See oli arvatavasti umbes koolibussi suurune, kui see atmosfääri ilmus. See lagunes rõhu tõttu, mõranes ja seejärel langes tükkideks ja tegi natuke kahju. Sa ei tahaks, et see sulle jala peale kukuks või pähe, sest see teeks seda. See oleks halb. Kuid ei pühiks minema kogu elu
But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across to do a lot of damage. There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock, and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona, there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic that it is actually called "Meteor Crater." To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide. If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot, and those are recreational vehicles right there. So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep. The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across, so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here. It came in at speeds that were tremendous, slammed into the ground, blew up, and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb -- a very hefty bomb. This was 50,000 years ago, so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope, or something like that out in the desert, but it probably would not have caused global devastation.
Maal, seega sellega on korras. Kuid tuleb välja, et ei ole vaja midagi kuus miili laia, et teha palju kahju. On midagi vahepealset väikese kivi ja suure rahnu vahel, õigupoolest, kui keegi teist on kunagi olnud Winslow lähedal, Arizonas, siis seal kõrbes on kraater, mis on nii ikooniline, et seda lausa kutsutakse meteoriidikraatriks Et anda teile suurustaju, see on umbes miili laiune. Kui te vaatate ülevalt, siis see on parkimisplats, siis need on meelelahutusmasinad seal. Niisiis, see on umbes miili laiune, 600 jalga sügav. Objekt, mis selle tegi oli arvatavasti umbes 30 kuni 50 jardi laiune, seega umbes sama suur, kui see Mackey Auditoorium. See tuli tohututel kiirustel, prantsatas vastu maad, lendas õhku, ja plahvatas umbes 20-megatonnise tuumapommi energiaga väga tugeva pommi energiaga. See oli 50000 aastat tagasi, seega see võis teelt pühkida paar pühvlit või antiloopi, või midagi sellist kõrbes, kuid see ei oleks tõenäoliselt põhjustanud
It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground
globaalset laastatust.
to do a lot of damage. Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region -- for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters," when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift since the Siberia blast of 1909, where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.
Tuleb välja, et need asjad ei pea maha langema, et teha palju kahju. Nüüd, 1808. aasta, üle Siberi, Tunguska lähistel-neile, kes teist on Dan Aykroyd -i fännind ja on näinud ''Tondipüüdjaid,'' kui ta rääkis suurimast dimensioonidevahelisest mõrast Siberi 1909. aasta plahvatusest saadik, kus ta pani mööda kuupäevaga, kuid pole hullu. (naer)
(Laughter)
See oli 1908. aasta. Pole hullu. See ei sega mind.
It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.
(naer)
(Laughter)
Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere and this one blew up above the ground, several miles up above the surface of the Earth. The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it, and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees for hundreds of square miles. This did a huge amount of damage. And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size of this auditorium that we're sitting in. In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal, and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground. The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock, and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.
Veel üks kivi sisenes Maa atmosfääri ja see lõhkes õhus, mõni miil maapinnast kõrgemal. Plahvatuse kuumus pani põlema metsa selle all ja lööklaine murdis puud maha sadade ruutmiilide ulatuses, selge? See tekitas higlaslikku kahju. Ja veelkord, see kivi oli umbes auditooriumi suurune, milles me praegu istume. Meteoriidikraatri asteroid koosnes metallis, ning metall on palju tugevam, seega see jõudis maapinnani. Asteroid Tunguska kohal koosnes arvatavasti kivist, ning see on palju rabedam, seega see
Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons. Now, when these things blow up, they're not going to do global ecological damage. They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did. They're just not big enough. But they will do global economic damage, because they don't have to hit, necessarily, to do this kind of damage. They don't have to do global devastation. If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere, it would cause a panic. But if it came over a city, an important city -- not that any city is more important than others, but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis -- that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization. So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --
plahvatas õhus. Mõlemal juhul, need on üüratud plahvatused, 20 megatonni. Niisiis, kui need asjad õhku lendavad, ei põhjusta nad ülemaailmset ökoloogilist kahju. Nad ei tee midagi sellist, nagu dinosauruse-tapja tegi. Nad ei ole lihtsalt piisavalt suured. Kuid nad tekitavad ülemaailmset majanduslikku kahju, sest nad ei pea tabama, tingimata, et teha sellist kahju. Nad ei pea tekitama ülemaailmset laastatust. Kui üks neist tabaks ükskõik mida, siis see põhjustaks paanikat. Aga kui see tabaks linna, tähtsat linna- mitte, et üks linn oleks teistest tähtsam, aga mõnedest me lihtsalt sõltume rohkem ülemaailmse majanduse suhtes - võiks see tekitada tohutult kahju meile kui tsivilisatsioonile.
Niisiis, nüüd kui ma olen teid surnuks ehmatanud...
(Laughter)
(naer)
what can we do about this? This is a potential threat. Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer for 65 million years. They're very rare. The smaller ones happen more often, but probably on the order of a millennium, every few centuries or every few thousand years. But it's still something to be aware of. Well, what do we do about them? The first thing we have to do is find them. This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009. It's right here. But you can see that it's extremely faint. I don't know if you can see that in the back row. These are just stars.
mida me saame selle vastu teha? See on potensiaalne oht. Laske mul märkida, et meil ei ole olnud hiiglaslikku kokkupõrget, nagu oli dinosauruse-tapja 65 millionit aastat. Nad on väga haruldased. Väiksemad juhtuvad tihedamini, võibolla kord millenniumis, iga paari sajandi järel või iga paari tuhande aasta järel, kuid siiski tasub selle eest valvel olla. Niisiis, mida me nende vastu teeme? Esimene asi, mida me tegema peame, on nad leida. See on pilt asteroidist, mis möödus meist 2009. aastal See on täpselt siin. Kuid võite näha, et see on tohutult ähmane. Ma isegi ei tea, kas te näete seda tagumises reas. Need on lihtsalt tähed.
This is a rock that was about 30 yards across, so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago. These things are faint. They're hard to see, and the sky is really big. We have to find these things first. Well, the good news is, we're looking for them. NASA has devoted money to this; the National Science Foundation and other countries are interested in doing this. We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.
See on kivikamakas, mis oli umbes 30 jardi lai, seega umbes nende suurune, mis lendasid õhku Tunguska kohal ja tabasid Arizonat 50 000 aastat tagasi. Need asjad on ähmased Neid on raske näha ja taevas on tõesti suur. Me peame need asjad kõigepealt leidma. Noh, hea uudis on see, et me otsime neid. NASA on sellesse raha panustanud. Riiklik Teaduse Sihtasutus, teised riigid on sellest väga huvitatud. Me ehitame teleskoope, mis otsivad
That's a great first step. But what's the second step? The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it. What do we do? You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis. If you haven't yet, you will. If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse, you're going to hear about Apophis, because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.
ohtu. See on suurepärane esimene samm, kuid mis on teine samm? Teine samm on see, et kui me näeme ühte meie poole suundumas, peame me selle peatama. Mida me teeme? Te olete arvatavasti kuulnud asteroidist Apophis. Kui te veel ei ole, siis kuulete. Kui te olete kuulnud maiade 2012. aasta apokalüpsisest, siis kuulete te Apophisest, sest te olete kaasatud kõikidesse viimsepäeva
(Laughter)
võrgustikesse niikuinii.
Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004. It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big -- bigger than a football stadium. And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029. And it's going to pass us so close that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites. The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much that if it's just right, if it passes through this region of space, this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole, the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later, on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --
Apophis on asteroid, mis avastati 2004. aastal. See on umbes 250 jardi lai, seega see on üsna suur - teate, suurem, kui jalgpallistaadion , ja see möödub Maast 2029. aasta aprillis. Ja see möödub nii lähedalt, et läheb meie ilmasatelliitide alt läbi. Maa külgetõmbejõud painutab selle asja orbiiti nii palju, et kui see on täpselt paigas, kui see läbib selle kosmose ala, selle aedoa -kujulise ala, mida kutsutakse lukuauguks, siis Maa külgetõmbejõud painutab seda täpselt nii palju, et seitse aastat hiljem 13. aprillil, mis on reede, ma rõhutan,
(Laughter)
aastal 2036 ... (naer)
you can't plan that kind of stuff --
- selliseid asju ei saa planeerida -
(Laughter)
Apophis tabab meid. Ja see on
Apophis is going to hit us. And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage. The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly -- very, very low odds. So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all. I don't think Apophis is a problem. In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise, because it woke us up to the dangers of these things. This thing was discovered just a few years ago and could hit us a few years from now. It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.
250 meetrit lai, seega see teeks uskumatut kahju. Hea uudis on see, et võimalus tegelikult läbida see lukuauk ja meid tabada järgmisel ringil on üks miljonile, umbes - väga, väga väike võimalus, seega mina isiklikult ei lama õhtuti ärkvel muretsedes selle pärast. Ma ei arva, et Apophis on probleem. Tegelikult, on Apophis õnnistus, sest see äratas meid nende ohtude suhtes üles. See avastati vaid mõned aastad tagasi ja oleks võinud paari aasta pärast meid tabada. See ei taba, kuid annab meile võimaluse uurida
We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do, and it turns out that's really important, because how do you stop an asteroid like this? Well, let me ask you: What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you? What do you do? You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you. But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily, but we can move a small asteroid.
seda sorti asteroide. Tegelikult me ei mõistnud neid lukuauke, kuid nüüd me mõistame ja tuleb välja, et see on väga oluline, sest kuidas sa peatad niisugust asteroidi? Las ma küsin teilt, mis juhtuks, kui te seisate sõidutee keskel ja auto suundub teie poole? Mida te teete? Te teete nii. Õigus? Liigute. Auto läheb teist mööda. Kuid me ei saa liigutada Maad, vähemalt mitte väikse vaevaga, kuid me saame liigutada väikest asteroidi.
And it turns out, we've even done it. In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact, which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet. Comets are very much like asteroids. The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way; the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material and see what was underneath the surface of this comet, which we learned quite a bit about. We did move the comet a little tiny bit -- not very much, but that wasn't the point. However, think about this: This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second. We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK? Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it. That means we can do it again. If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us, and we have two years to go? Boom! We hit it. You know, if you watch the movies --
Ja tuleb välja, et me oleme seda isegi teinud. 2005. aastal lennutas NASA sondi, mille nimi oli Sügav Kokkupõrge, mis põrutas- põrutas tüki endast komeedi tuuma. Komeedid on asteroididele sarnased. Eesmärk ei olnud seda teelt kõrvale lükata. Eesmärk oli tekitada kraater, et kaevandada materjali ja näha mis oli komeedi pinnase all, millest me õppisime üsna palju. Me liigutasime komeeti õige natukene, mitte väga palju, kuid see polnud asja mõte. Kuid siiski, mõelge selle peale. See asi tiirleb ümber päikese kiirusel 10 miili sekundis, 20 miili sekundis. Me tulistasime sondi selle pihta ja tabasime. Olgu? Kujutage ette, kui raske see pidi olema, ning me tegime seda. See tähendab seda, et me suudame seda uuesti teha. Kui me peame, kui me näeme asteroidi, mis tuleb meie poole, ja see on suunatud otse meile, ja meil on kaks aastat aega, põmaki! Me tabame seda. Teate, kui te olete vaadanud
(Laughter)
filme, siis võite mõelda, et
you might think: Why don't we use a nuclear weapon? Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing. Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing, you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance, or else you'll miss it. And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do. But just hitting something? That's pretty easy. I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.
miks me ei kasuta tuumarelva? Noh, sa võid seda üritada, kui ajastus on probleem. Sa tulistad selle asja pihta tuumarelva, sa pead selle õhku laskma mõne millisekundi täpsusega, või muidu sa lihtsalt lased mööda. Ja seal on palju teisi probleeme Seda on väga raske teha. Kuid lihtsalt millegile pihta saamine? See on üsna lihtne. Ma arvan, et isegi NASA suudaks seda teha,
(Laughter)
ja nad tõestasid et nad saavad. (naer)
The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit, you measure the orbit, then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole, and now it's going to hit us in three years. Well, my opinion is: fine! It's not hitting us in six months -- that's good.
Probleem on selles, et mis juhtub, kui sa tabad asteroidi, sa oled muutnud orbiiti, sa mõõdad orbiidi ära ja siis leiad, et me oleme selle just lükanud lukuauku, ja nüüd see tabab meid kolme aasta pärast. Noh, minu arvamus on, hästi. See ei taba meid kuue kuu pärast. See on hea.
Now we have three years to do something else. And you can hit it again. That's kind of ham-fisted; you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever, so you don't do that. And this is the part -- it's the part I just love.
Nüüd on meil kolm aastat teha midagi muud. Ja sa võid seda uuesti tabada. See on natuke lohakas. Sa võid selle lükata kolmandasse lukuauku või midaiganes, seega sa ei tee seda. Ja see osa, seda osa ma lihtsalt armastan. (naer)
(Laughter)
Pärast suurt latakat, kui me oleme
After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face," then we bring in the velvet gloves.
seda asja näkku tabanud, toome me mängu velvetist kindad
(Laughter)
(naer)
There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts, and they call themselves The B612 Foundation. For those of you who've read "The Little Prince," you understand that reference, I hope -- the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612. These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers. Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this. Dan Durda, my friend who made this image, works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street. He created this image for this. He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them. If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth and we have enough time, we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.
On grupp teadlasi ja insenere ja astronaute, ning nad kutsuvad ennast B612 ühenduseks. Need, kes teist on lugenud ''Väikest Printsi,'' saavad aru selle tähendusest, ma loodan. Väike Prints, elas asteroidil, mille nimi oli B612. Need on targad tüübid - mehed ja naised - astronaudid, nagu ma ütlesin, insenerid. Rusty Schweickart, kes oli Apollo 9 astronaut, on seal. Dan Durda, mu sõber, kes tegi selle pildi, töötab siin Soutwest Research Instituudis Boulderis, Walnut -i tänaval. Tema lõi selle pildi, ning ta on tegelikult üks astronoome, kes töötab nende heaks. Kui me näeme asteroidi, mis tabab Maad ja meil on piisavalt aega, siis saame me seda tabada, et liigutada see paremale orbiidile. Ning siis läkitame me
But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two. It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big -- and you park it near the asteroid. You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end. It's very hard to land on them. Instead you get near it. The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe, and the probe has a couple of tons of mass. It has a little tiny bit of gravity, but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid, and you have your rocket set up -- you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes -- and these guys are connected by their own gravity, and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently, you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit. You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it, although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.
sondi, mis peab kaaluma paar tonni. See ei pea olema hiiglaslik - mõned tonnid, mitte väga suur - ja sa pargid selle asteroidi lähedale. Sa ei maandu sellele, sest need asjad trummeldavad ringi. Neile on väga raske maanduda. Selle asemel lähed sa selle lähedale. Asteroidi gravitatsioon tõmbab sondi enda poole, ning sondi mass on paar tonni. Sellel on natukene külgetõmbejõudu, kuid see on piisav, et tõmmata enda poole asteroidi, ning sul on raketid üles seatud, te võite vaevalt näha seda siin, kuid seal on raketid - ja põhimõtteliselt, need kutid on seotud oma gravitatsiooni poolt, ning kui sa liigutad sondi väga aeglaselt, väga, väga õrnalt, saad sa kerge vaevaga kavaldada selle kivi turvalisele orbiidile. Sa saad isegi panna selle orbiidile ümber Maa, kus me saaksime seda kaevandada, kuigi see on hoopis teine asi. Ma ei hakka sellese süvenema.
(Laughter)
(naer)
But we'd be rich!
Kuid me oleksime rikkad!
(Laughter)
(naer)
So think about this, right? There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us, and they're doing damage to us. But we've figured out how to do this, and all the pieces are in place to do this. We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them. We have very, very smart people, who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem, and we have the technology to do this. This probe actually can't use chemical rockets. Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push. The probe would just shoot away.
Niisis mõelge sellele, neid hiiglaslikke kive lendleb ringi, ja nad tabavad meid, ja nad teevad meile kahju, kuid me oleme välja mõelnud, kuidas seda teha, ning kõik tükid selle tegemiseks on paigas. Meil on paigas astronoomid teleskoopidega neid otsimas. Meil on targad inimesed, väga, väga targad inimesed, kes on mures selle pärast ja nuputamas välja, kuidas seda probleemi lahendada, ning meil on selle tegemiseks tehnoloogia. See sond ei saa tegelikult kasutada keemilisi rakette. Keemilised raketid tekitavad liiga palju tõukejõudu, liiga palju lüket. Sond lendaks lihtsalt ära.
We invented something called an ion drive, which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine. It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand -- incredibly light, but it can run for months and years, providing that very gentle push. If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek," they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive, and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated. They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive." Yeah, we have an ion drive now. We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.
Me leiutasime midagi ioonajami nimelist, mis on väga, väga, väga madala tõukega mootor. See toodab jõu, mis paberilehel oleks sinu käes, uskumatult vähe, kuid see suudab kulgeda kuid ja aastaid, pakkudes seda väga õrna tõuget. Kui keegi siit on algupärase ''Star Treki'' fänn, siis nad jooksid üle tulnukalaeva, millel oli ioonajam, ning Spock lausus: ''Nad on tehniliselt väga kõrgetasemelised. Nad on sadu aastaid meist ees selle ajamiga.'' Jah, meil on see ioonajam nüüd. (naer) Meil ei ole Enterprise -i, kuid
(Laughter)
meil on nüüd ioonajam.
(Applause)
(applaus)
Spock.
Spock.
(Laughter) So ... That's the difference -- that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs. This happened to them. It doesn't have to happen to us. The difference between the dinosaurs and us is that we have a space program and we can vote, and so we can change our future.
(naer) Niisiis ... see ongi vahe, see ongi vahe meie ja dinosauruste vahel. Nendega juhtus see. See ei pea meiega juhtuma. Meie ja dinosauruste vahe on see, et meil on kosmoseprogramm ja me saame hääletada, seega me saame muuta oma tulevikku.
(Laughter)
(naer)
We have the ability to change our future. Sixty-five million years from now, we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum. Thank you very much.
Meil on võime muuta oma tulevikku. 65 millioni aasta pärast ei kogu meie luud muuseumis tolmu.
(Applause)
Suur aitäh.