In 2007, I decided that we needed to reconceptualize how we thought about economic development. Our new goal should be that when every family thinks about where they want to live and work, they should be able to choose between at least a handful of different cities that were all competing to attract new residents. Now we're a long way away from that goal right now. There are billions of people in developing countries who don't have even a single city that would be willing to welcome them. But the amazing thing about cities is they're worth so much more than it costs to build them. So we could easily supply the world with dozens, maybe hundreds, of new cities.
ne 2007, Une vendosa se na duhet te re-konceptojme se si mendojme rreth zhvillimit ekonomik Qellimi yne i ri duhet te jet qe secila familje qe deshirone te punoje dhe te jetoj diku ata duhet te kene mundesi te zgjedhin ne mes te qyteteve te ndryshme te cilat bejne konkurence njera tjeteres per te marrur resident te ri. Tani ne jemi shum large per t'ia arritur atij qellimi. Jan miljarda njerez neper shtete te zhvilluara te cilat nuk kan nje shtet te vetem i cili mundet ti mirpres ata mirpo gjeja e mire rreth qyteteve eshte ato jan te shum te vlefshme qe kushton ti ndertosh ato Pra ne mundemi shum thjesht ti ofrojme botes me dhjetra, apo mijera qytete te reja.
Now this might sound preposterous to you if you've never thought about new cities. But just substitute apartment building for cities. Imagine half the people who wanted to be in apartments already had them; the other half aren't there yet. You could try and expand the capacity by doing additions on all the existing apartments. But you know what you'd run into is those apartments and the surrounding areas have rules to avoid discomfort and the distractions of construction. So it's extremely hard to do all of those additions. But you could go out someplace brand new, build a brand new apartment building, as long as the rules there were ones that facilitated construction rather than getting in the way. So I proposed that governments create new reform zones big enough to hold cities and gave them a name: charter cities.
Tani ky mund te tinglloj disi e pamundur per juve pershembull, nese kurr nuk keni menduar per qytete te reja mirpo vetem i keni ndrruar apartamentet neper qytet Imagjinoni sikurse gjysma e njerezve te cilet deshirojne te jene ne nje apartament pothuajse jane; ndersa gjysma tjeter nuk jane akoma. Ju mundeni te provoni ta rrisni kapacitetin duke shtuar neper apartmentet eksistuese, mirpo ju e dini qfar do te hasni ne to apartamente dhe vende rrethuese te cila kan rregulla per te prishur planet dhe mos prishje te konstruksioneve. Pra eshte shum veshtir te shtohen te gjitha ato shtesa mirpo ju mundeni te dilni jasht diku tjeter te ndertoni nje nderties te re , apartmente te ri derisa rregullat jane aty te cilat e perkrahin konstruksionin qe ju po e beni me mire se sa te humbeni diku. Pra uen propozoje qe qeveria te krijone zona te reja reformuese te jen te gjendje te mbajne qytetet dhe t'ju japin atyre nje emer: qytetet me qira.
Later I learned that at about this same time, Javier and Octavio were thinking about the challenge of reform in Honduras. They knew that about 75,000 Hondurans every year would leave to go to the United States, and they wanted to ask, what could they do to make sure that those people could stay and do the same things in Honduras. At one point, Javier said to Octavio, "What if we took some of our empty land -- what if we just gave it to an embassy -- give some to the U.S. embassy; give some to the Canadian embassy -- and then if people want to go work under the rules of Canada or under the rules of the United States, they can go get jobs, do everything they do on those embassy grounds that they would otherwise have to go to Canada or the U.S. to do?"
Me vone e mesoave se gati per te njejten kohe Javier dhe Octavio ishin duke menduar per ndryshimin e reformave ne Honduras. Ata e dinin qe rreth 75,000 Honduras ( qytetar) gjdo vite do te ikini per te shkuar ne Shtetet e Bashkuara, dhe deshironin te pysin se qfar mund te benin per te bere te sigurt qe keta njerez te rrine dhe te bejne te njejten gje ne Honduras. Tek kjo pike, Javier i tha Octavios, "Qfar nese ne e marrim disa nga toka jone boshe-- Qfar nese i dhem nje ambasade-- ti japim ca ambasades Amerikane; disa asaj Kanadeze -- dhe pastaj nese njerezit deshirojne te shkojne te punojne me rregullat e Kanades ose rregullat e SHBA-se mund te shkojne te marrin ndonje pune, do te bejne gjdo gje qe munden ne keto ambasada qe ne menyren tjeter do te kishin shkuar ne Kanad ose Amerik
In the summer of 2009, Honduras went through a wrenching constitutional crisis. At the next regularly scheduled election, Pepe Lobo won in a landslide on a platform that promised reform, but reconciliation as well. He asked Octavio to be his chief of staff. Meanwhile, I was getting ready to give a talk at TEDGlobal. Through a process of refinement, trial and error, a lot of user testing, I tried to boil this complicated concept of charter city down to the bare essentials. The first point was the importance of rules, like those rules that say you can't come in and disturb all the existing apartment holders. We pay a lot of attention to new technologies, but it takes technologies and rules to get progress, and it's usually the rules that hold us back.
Ne veren e 2009, Hondurasi kishte nje kriz konstitucionale. Tek zgjedhjet e rregullta Pepo Lobo fitoi ne krahun e tokes ne nje platform qe premtoi reforma, mirpo edhe pajtim gjithashtu. Ai i kerkoj Octavios te behet shefi i stafit. Gjersa, une isha duke u bere gati per te them nje fjalim per TedGlobal. Neper nje proces to riformimit perdorimit me gabime, shum shfrytezues duke testuar Provova te zie ket koncept te qytetit me qira duke i shoshitur vendimet. Pika e pare ishte shum e rendesishme per ligj-beresit sikurse keto regullat qe thone nuk mund te vish ketu dhe ti shqetsosh te gjith pronaret e apartamenteve eksistuese. Ne kemi kujdes te madh per teknologjin e re, mirpo duhet proces per teknologjin dhe rregullat qe te marr rruge, dhe zakonisht rregulloret jane ato qe neve na mbajne large
In the fall of 2010, a friend from Guatemala sent Octavio a link to the TEDTalk. He showed it to Javier. They called me. They said, "Let's present this to the leaders of our country." So in December we met in Miami, in a hotel conference room. I tried to explain this point about how valuable cities are, how much more valuable they are than they cost. And I used this slide showing how valuable the raw land is in a place like New York City: notice, land that's worth thousands of dollars, in some cases, per square meter. But it was a fairly abstract discussion, and at some point when there was a pause, Octavio said, "Paul, maybe we could watch the TEDTalk."
Ne dimrin e 2010, nje shok nga Guatamala i dergoj Octavios nje lidhje direkt per nje ligjerat Ted-i Ai i'a tregoj Javier-it dhe me thirren mua. Ata than " le ta prezentojna kete tek lideret e shtetit tone" Pra ne Dhjetor ne shkuam ne Miami, nje dhe konference ne nje hotel. Provova t'ju shpjegoj kete pike sesa te vlefshum qytetet jane sa me te vlefshum jane sesa qe kushtojne ata. dhe e perdora kete slide ( faqe per prezantim ne kompjuter) duke ju shfaqur atyre sa e vlefshme eshte toka ne nje vend sikurse qyteti i Nju Jorkut: kujdes, toka qe eshte e vlefshme qindja e mijera dollar ne disa raste per nje meter katrore. mirpo ishte nje bised shum abstrakte por e natyreshme dhe tek disa pika kur ishte ndonje pauze Octavio thoshte, "Paul, ndoshta mundemi ta shikojme biseden e Ted-it
(Laughing)
(Qeshen)
So the TEDTalk laid out in very simple terms, a charter city is a place where you start with uninhabited land, a charter that specifies the rules that will apply there and then a chance for people to opt in, to go live under those rules or not. So I was asked by the president of Honduras who said that we need to do this project, this is important, this could be the way forward for our country. I was asked to come to Tegucigalpa and talk again on January fourth and fifth. So I presented another fact-filled lecture that included a slide like this, which tried to make the point that, if you want to create a lot of value in a city, it has to be very big. This is a picture of Denver, and the outline is the new airport that was built in Denver. This airport alone covers more than 100 square kilometers. So I was trying to persuade the Hondurans, if you build a new city, you've got to start with a site that's at least 1,000 square kilometers. That's more than 250 hundred-thousand acres. Everybody applauded politely. The faces in the audience were very serious and attentive. The leader of the congress came up on stage and said, "Professor Romer, thank you very much for your lecture, but maybe we could watch the TEDTalk. I've got it here on my laptop." So I sat down, and they played the TEDTalk.
Pra biseda ne Ted ishte shum me terma te thjeshtesuar, nje vend me qira eshte nje vend ku ti fillon ti zhvillosh nje tok te patrasheguar nje qiradhenje e cila specifikon rregullat qe aplikohen atje dhe nje shance per njerezit qe te jen te afte ne. te jetojne me keto rregulla ose jo Pra une kerkova nga presidenti i Hundurasit i cili tha se na duhet te bejme kete projekt kjo eshte merendesi ky mund te jet menyra per te arritur sukses shteti yne. Me ishte kerkuar to vije ne Teguciagalpa dhe te flas prap me 4 ose 5 janar. Une e prezentova nje tjeter literatur fakti deshtoi e cila perfshinte nje sllajd sikurse ky, i cili provonte te bente nje pike te cilen nese don ta krijosh nje vler te madhe per nje qytet shum te madh Kjo eshe nje fotografi e Denver-it dhe pikat kryesore te airoporti te ri i cili ishte ndertuar ne Denver Vetem airoporti mbulon me teper se 100 kilometra katrore Pra isha duke provuar ti binja Hondurasit, se po ta ndertoni nje qytet te ri, ju duhet te filloni me nje krah me se paku 1,000 kilometra katrore. Apo me teper se 250 mije ari secili e preferoj ne menyr te zbutur. Fetyrat ne audience ishin shume serioze dhe te perqendruar Lideri i kongresit erdhi ne sken dhe tha "Profesor Romer, faliminderit shum per prezentimin tuaj, mirpo me mir ta shiqojme prezentimin ne Ted E kam ketu ne llaptopin time" U ula dhe e leshofa Ted-prezentimin
And it got to the essence, which is that a new city could offer new choices for people. There would be a choice of a city which you could go to which could be in Honduras, instead of hundreds of miles away in the North. And it also involved new choices for leaders. Because the leaders in the government there in Honduras would need help from partner countries, who could benefit from partner countries who help them set up the rules in this charter and the enforcement, so everybody can trust that the charter really will be enforced. And the insight of President Lobo was that that assurance of enforcement that I was thinking about as a way to get the foreign investors to come in and build the city could be equally important for all the different parties in Honduras who had suffered for so many years from fear and distrust.
dhe e fitoj esencen e cili ishte se nje qytet i ri mund te ofroje mundesi te reja per njereze. Ishte mundesia e qytet ne te cilin ju mund te shkonit i cili mund te ishte ne Honduras, ne vend se te ishte mijera kilometra ne veri. gjithashtu ishte involvuar zgjedhje te rela per lideret sepse lideret ne qeveri ne Honduras do t'ju nevoitet ndihme prej shteteve partnere, te cilat mund te perfitojne prej shteteve partnere te cilat i ndihmojne atyre per te ven ne funksion rregullat dhe qiradhenjen ne fuqi, pra te gjith mund te besojne qiradhenje me te vertet do te jet e forcuar dhe perbrenda presidentit Lobo ishte qe siguria dhe forcimi i ligjit per at ishte duke menduar si nje menyr per te thithur investitoret e huaj per ta ndertuar qytetin mund te jet me rendesi te njejte per te gjith pjesmarresit ne honduras te cilet kan vuajtur gjat gjith ketyre viteve nga frika dhe mosbesimi
We went and looked at a site. This picture's from there. It easily could hold a thousand square kilometers. And shortly thereafter, on January 19th, they voted in the congress to amend their constitution to have a constitutional provision that allows for special development regions. In a country which had just gone through this wrenching crisis, the vote in the congress in favor of this constitutional amendment was 124 to one. All parties, all factions in society, backed this. To be part of the constitution, you actually have to pass it twice in the congress. On February 17th they passed it again with another vote of 114 to one.
Ne shkuam dhe shiquam Fotografi nga atje shum lehet mund te mban mijera kilometra katrore dhe shkurt me 19 Janar ata votuan ne kongres per te amandamentuar kushtetuten per te pasur nje kushtet te permisuar e cila lejon per nje zhvillim te veqant te religjionit Ne nje shtet i cili sapo ka kaluar neper kriza te mdha ekonomike votimi ne kongres ne favorin e amandamendimit te kushtetutes isteh 124 me nje Te gjitha palet, te gjith funksionet ne shoqeri, e perkrahet kete Per tu bere pjes e kushtetutes, ju faktikisht duhet ta kaloni dy her ne kongres. me 17 Shkurt e kaluan prap me nje votim tjeter prej 114 me 1.
Immediately after that vote, on February 21st to the 24th, a delegation of about 30 Hondurans went to the two places in the world that are most interested in getting into the city building business. One is South Korea. This is a picture of a big, new city center that's being built in South Korea -- bigger than downtown Boston. Everything you see there was built in four years, after they spent four years getting the permits. The other place that's very interested in city building is Singapore. They've actually built two cities already in China and are preparing the third.
Menjeher pas atij votimi, me 21 deri 24 Shkurt nje delegacion prej 30 Hondurasi shkuan ne dy vende te botes te cilat ishim me te interesuarat per te kaluar tek nje ndertes qytet ne Koren Jugore. Kjo eshte nje fotografi e nje qyteti te madh - qender e cila eshte e ndertuar ne Korel Jugore -- me e madhe se qyteti ne Boston. Gjdogje qe shihni atje eshte ndertuar per kater vite, pasi kaluan kater vite duke nxierruar dokumentacionin Vendi tjeter i cili ishte i interesuar per te ndertuar qytetin ishte Singapori Fakitisht ata ndertuan dy qytete ne Kine dhe jane duke pergatitur te tretin.
So if you think about this practically, here's where we are. They've got a site; they're already thinking about this site for the second city. They're putting in place a legal system that could allow for managers to come in, and also an external legal system. One country has already volunteered to let its supreme court be the court of final appeal for the new judicial system there. There's designers and builders of cities who are very interested. They even can bring with them some financing. But the one thing you know they've already solved is that there's lots of tenants. There's lots of businesses that would like to locate in the Americas, especially in a place with a free trade zone, and there's lots of people who'd like to go there. Around the world, there's 700 million people who say they'd like to move permanently someplace else right now.
Pra nese mendon rreth kesaj prakishte, ja ku jemi. Ata kan nje sajt; ata jane duke menduar per nje qytet te dye Jane duke vendosur ne vend sistemin legal i cili ua lejon menagjerve te vine, gjithashtu edhe nje sistem legal te jashtem Nje shtet tashme vullnetarisht ka lejuar gjygjin supres te jet pjes e nje paraqitje finale per nje sistem gjygjesore atje. jan dizajneret dhe ndertuesit e qytetit te cilet jane shum te interesuar. Ata madje mund te sjellin me vete edhe financa. Mirpo njera nga gjerat me te mdha ata pothuajse e kan zgjidhur jane shum qiramarres. Jane shum biznese te cilat deshirojne te vendosen ne Amerike, veqanarisht ne nje vend me tregti te lire, dhe ka shume njereze te cilet deshirojne te shkojne atje. rreth botes jane 700 milion njerez te cilet thone se deshirojne te shkojne diku tjeter
There's a million a year who leave Latin America to go to the United States. Many of these are a father who has to leave his family behind to go get a job -- sometimes a single mother who has to get enough money to even pay for food or clothing. Sadly, sometimes there are even children who are trying to get reunited with their parents that they haven't seen, in some cases, for a decade.
Jane mbi nje milion ne vite te cilet e leshojn Ameriken Latine per te shkuar ne SHBA. Shumica prej tyre jane baballare te cilet duhet ta lene familjet e tyre per ta gjetur nje pune-- nganjehere nje mama e veteme e cila nuk ka para per te paguar ushqimin dhe veshmathjet. Nganjeher edhe femijet te cilet provojne te ri-bashkohen me familjet e tyre. te cilet nuk i kan pare, ne disa raste edhe dekada.
So what kind of an idea is it to think about building a brand new city in Honduras? Or to build a dozen of these, or a hundred of these, around the world? What kind of an idea is it to think about insisting that every family have a choice of several cities that are competing to attract new residents? This is an idea worth spreading. And my friends from Honduras asked me to say thank you, TED.
pra qfar lloje ideje eshte kjo te mendosh per ta ndertuar nje qytet te ri ne Honduras? apo per ti ndertuar disa nga keto, apo qindra te tyre, rreth botes? qfar ideje eshte kjo te mendosh per insistimin se secila familje ka nje zgjidhje per disa qytete te cilat konkurojne me njera tjetren per te marrur resident te ri? Kjo eshte nje ide e cila i'a vlen te shprendahet dhe shoket e mi prej Honduras-it me kerkuan mua ta them faliminderit juve TED
(Applause)
(Duartrokitje)