The narrative of a rising Africa is being challenged.
Simulizi za Afrika inayokua zinapata changamoto
About 10 years ago, I spoke about an Africa, an Africa of hope and opportunity, an Africa of entrepreneurs, an Africa very different from the Africa that you normally hear about of death, poverty and disease. And that what I spoke about, became part of what is known now as the narrative of the rising Africa.
Karibia miaka 10 iliyopita Niliongea kuhusu Afrika, Afrika yenye matumaini na fursa, Afrika ya wajasiriamali, Afrika tofauti kabisa na Afrika ambayo umezoaea kusikia ya vifo, umaskini na magonjwa. Na kile nilichokiongelea, ikawa sehemu ya kile kinachojulikana sasa kama hadithi ya Afrika inayokua.
I want to tell you two stories about this rising Africa. The first has to do with Rwanda, a country that has gone through many trials and tribulations. And Rwanda has decided to become the technology hub, or a technology hub on the continent. It's a country with mountainous and hilly terrain, a little bit like here, so it's very difficult to deliver services to people. So what has Rwanda said? In order to save lives, it's going to try using drones to deliver lifesaving drugs, vaccines and blood to people in hard-to-reach places in partnership with a company called Zipline, with UPS, and also with the Gavi, a global vaccine alliance. In doing this, it will save lives. This is part of the type of innovation we want to see in the rising Africa.
Nataka niwaambie hadithi mbili kuhusu hii Afrika inayokua. Ya kwanza inaihusisha Rwanda, nchi ambayo imepitia majaribu mengi na dhiki. Na Rwanda ikaamua kuwa kitovu cha teknolojia, au kitovu cha teknolojia kwenye bara la Afrika. Ni nchi yenye milima na ardhi ya eneo lenye vilima, kidogo kama hapa, hivyo ni vigumu sana kupeleka huduma kwa watu. Hivyo Rwanda imesema nini? Ili kuweza kuokoa maisha, itajaribu kutumia ndege zisizo na rubani kupeleka madawa ya kuokoa maisha, chanjo na damu kwa watu katika sehemu zisizo fikika wakishirikiana na kampuni inayoitwa Zipline, pamoja na UPS, na pia Gavi shirika la kimataifa la chanjo. Katika kufanya hivi, itaokoa maisha. Hii ni sehemu ya ubunifu tunayotaka kuona katika Afrika inayokua.
The second story has to do with something that I'm sure most of you have seen or will remember. Very often, countries in Africa suffer drought and floods, and it's getting more frequent because of climate change effects. When this happens, they normally wait for international appeals to raise money. You see pictures of children with flies on their faces, carcasses of dead animals and so on. Now these countries, 32 countries, came together under the auspices of the African Union and decided to form an organization called the African Risk Capacity. What does it do? It's a weather-based insurance agency, and what these countries do is to pay insurance each year, about 3 million dollars a year of their own resources, so that in the event they have a difficult drought situation or flood, this money will be paid out to them, which they can then use to take care of their populations, instead of waiting for aid to come. The African Risk Capacity last year paid 26 million dollars to Mauritania, Senegal and Niger. This enabled them to take care of 1.3 million people affected by drought. They were able to restore livelihoods, buy fodder for cattle, feed children in school and in short keep the populations home instead of migrating out of the area.
Hadithi ya pili inahusiana na jambo ambalo ninauhakika wengi wenu mmeona au mtakumbuka. Mara nyingi, nchi za Afrika zimeteseka na ukame na mafuriko, na inaongezeka zaidi kwasababu ya athari za mabadiliko ya tabia nchi. Wakati haya yanapotokea, kawaida husubiri nchi za kimataifa kuchanga fedha. Unaona picha za watoto wakiwa na nzi kwenye nyuso zao mizoga ya wanyama waliokufa na kadhalika. Sasa nchi hizi, nchi 32, zilikutana pamoja chini ya mwamvuli wa Umoja wa Afrika na kuamua kuunda shirika linaloitwa Africa Risk Capacity. Linafanya nini? Ni wakala wa bima wa hali ya hewa na nchi hizi zinachofanya ni kulipa bima kila mwaka, karibia dola milioni 3 kwa mwaka kutoka kwenye rasilimali zao, ili kwamba endapo wanakumbwa na hali ya ukame mgumu au mafuriko, fedha hizi zitalipwa kuwasaidia ambazo wanaweza kuzitumia kuwatunza wananchi wao badala ya kusubiri msaada kuja. Shirika la African Risk Capacity mwaka jana lilipa dola milioni 26 kwa Mauritania, Senegal na Niger. Hii iliwawezesha kuwatunza watu milioni 1.3 walioathirika na ukame. Waliweza kurudisha tena maisha yao, kununua majani ya n'gombe kulisha watoto mashuleni kuwafanya wananchi wabaki nyumbani badala ya kuhama nje ya eneo.
So these are the kinds of stories of an Africa ready to take responsibility for itself, and to look for solutions for its own problems. But that narrative is being challenged now because the continent has not been doing well in the last two years. It had been growing at five percent per annum for the last one and a half decades, but this year's forecast was three percent. Why? In an uncertain global environment, commodity prices have fallen. Many of the economies are still commodity driven, and therefore their performance has slipped. And now the issue of Brexit doesn't make it any easier. I never knew that the Brexit could happen and that it could be one of the things that would cause global uncertainty such as we have.
Hivyo hizi ni aina za hadithi za Afrika iliyotayari kuchukua majikumu yake yenyewe, na kutafuta suluhisho kwa matatizo yake yenyewe. Ila simulizi hizo zinapata changamoto sasa kwasababu bara letu halijafanya vema kwa miaka miwili iliyopita. Ilikuwa inakua kwa kiwango cha asilimia 5 kwa mwaka kwa muongo mmoja na nusu uliopita lakini utabiri wa mwaka huu ulikuwa asilimia tatu. Kwanini? kwa mazingira ya ulimwengu yanavyobadilika bei za bidhaa zimeshuka. Uchumi wa nchi nyingi bado unaendeshwa na bidhaa, na hivyo utendaji wake umeteleza Na sasa suala la kujitoa kwa Uingereza haifanyi iwe rahisi Sikujua kama Uingereza ingejitoa na hilo lingekuwa moja ya vitu ambavyo vingeleta kutokuwa na uhakika ulimwenguni kama tulivyo.
So now we've got this situation, and I think it's time to take stock and to say what were the things that the African countries did right? What did they do wrong? How do we build on all of this and learn lessons so that we can keep Africa rising?
Hivyo sasa tuna hii hali na ninafikiri ni wakati wakuangalia na kusema ni vitu gani ambavyo nchi za Afrika zilifanya sahihi? Kipi walikosea? Tutajengaje kwenye haya yote na kujifunza ili kwamba tuendeleze Afrika inayokua?
So let me talk about six things that I think we did right. The first is managing our economies better. The '80s and '90s were the lost decades, when Africa was not doing well, and some of you will remember an "Economist" cover that said, "The Lost Continent." But in the 2000s, policymakers learned that they needed to manage the macroeconomic environment better, to ensure stability, keep inflation low in single digits, keep their fiscal deficits low, below three percent of GDP, give investors, both domestic and foreign, some stability so they'll have confidence to invest in these economies. So that was number one.
Hivyo ngoja niongelee kuhusu mambo sita ninayofikiri tulifanya sahihi. La kwanza ni kusimamia uchumi wa nchi zetu vizuri Miaka ya 80 na 90 ni miongo iliyopotea, wakati Afrika haikuwa ikifanya vizuri, na baadhi yenu mtakumbuka ukurasa wa mbele wa gazeti la "Economist" lililosema, "Bara lililopotea" Ila miaka ya 2000 watunga sera walijifunza kwamba wanahitaji kusimamia mazingira ya uchumi vizuri zaidi, kuhakikisha uthabiti, kushusha mfumuko wa bei kufika tarakimu moja, kushusha nakisi ya bajeti, chini ya asilimia tatu ya Pato la Taifa, wape wawekezaji, wote wa ndani na wageni, aina ya uthabiti ili wawe na imani ya kuwekeza kwenye chumi hizi. Hivyo hiyo ilikuwa namba moja.
Two, debt. In 1994, the debt-to-GDP ratio of African countries was 130 percent, and they didn't have fiscal space. They couldn't use their resources to invest in their development because they were paying debt. There may be some of you in this room who worked to support African countries to get debt relief. So private creditors, multilaterals and bilaterals came together and decided to do the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and give debt relief. So this debt relief in 2005 made the debt-to-GDP ratio fall down to about 30 percent, and there was enough resources to try and reinvest.
Mbili, deni. Mwaka 1994, urari wa deni la Pato la taifa wa nchi za Kiafrila ulikuwa asilimia 130, na hawakuwa na nafasi ya fedha nakisi Hawakuweza kutumia rasilimali zao kuwekeza kwenye maendeleo yao kwakuwa walikuwa wanalipa deni kwaweza kuwa na baadhi yenu humu ndani mliofanyakazi kusaidia nchi za Afrika kupata unafuu wa madeni. Hivyo wadai binafsi, wa pande mbalimbali na pande mbili waliunganika na kuamua kuanzisha mpango wa Nchi Fukara zenye Mzigo wa madeni na kutoa unafuu wa madeni. Hivyo unafuu huu wa madeni mwaka 2005 ulifanya urari wa deni kwa Pato la taifa kushuka hadi takriban asilimia 30, na kulikuwa na rasilimali za kutosha kujaribu na kuwekeza upya.
The third thing was loss-making enterprises. Governments were involved in business which they had no business being in. And they were running businesses, they were making losses. So some of these enterprises were restructured, commercialized, privatized or closed, and they became less of a burden on government.
Kitu cha tatu kilikuwa makampuni yaliyopata hasara Serikali zilishiriki katika biashara ambazo hawakupaswa kuzifanya. Na walikuwa wanaendesha biashara, walikuwa wanapata hasara. Hivyo baadhi ya makampuni haya yaliundwa upya, kuwa kibiashara,kubinafsishwa au kufungwa, na kupunguza mzigo mkubwa kwa serikali.
The fourth thing was a very interesting thing. The telecoms revolution came, and African countries jumped on it. In 2000, we had 11 million phone lines. Today, we have about 687 million mobile lines on the continent. And this has enabled us to go, move forward with some mobile technology where Africa is actually leading. In Kenya, the development of mobile money -- M-Pesa, which all of you have heard about -- it took some time for the world to notice that Africa was ahead in this particular technology. And this mobile money is also providing a platform for access to alternative energy. You know, people who can now pay for solar the same way they pay for cards for their telephone. So this was a very good development, something that went right.
Kitu cha nne kilikuwa kitu cha kuvutia sana Mapinduzi ya makampuni ya simu yakaja, na nchi za Kiafrika zikarukia. Mwaka 2000, laini za simu zilikuwa milioni 11 Leo, tuna takriban laini milioni 687 za simu za mkononi barani. Na hi imetuwezesha kwenda na kusonga mbele na teknolojia ya simu za mkononi ambapo Afrika hakika inaongoza. Nchini Kenya, maendeleo ya kutuma fedha kwa simu M-Pesa, ambayo nyote mmesikia habari zake-- ilichukua muda kwa dunia kuona kwamba Afrika ipo mbele katika hii teknolojia. na hii kutuma pesa kwa simu za mkononi pia inatoa jukwaa kwa upatikanaji wa nishati mbadala Unajua, watu wanaoweza sasa kulipia sola kwa njia wanayotumia kulipia kwa kadi kwenye simu zao. Hivyo haya yalikuwa maendeleo mazuri sana kitu ambacho kilikwenda sahihi.
We also invested more in education and health, not enough, but there were some improvements. 250 million children were immunized in the last one and a half decades.
Tuliwekeza zaidi kwenye elimu na afya, isivyo vyakutosha, lakini kulikuwa na maboresho. Watoto milioni 25 walipata chanjo katika muogo mmoja nanusu uliopita.
The other thing was that conflicts decreased. There were many conflicts on the continent. Many of you are aware of that. But they came down, and our leaders even managed to dampen some coups. New types of conflicts have emerged, and I'll refer to those later.
Kitu kingine ilikuwa kwamba migogoro ilipungua. Kulikuwa na migogoro mingi barani. Wengi wenu mnafahamu hilo. Lakini ilipungua, na viongozi wetu waliweza hata kufifiza mapinduzi. Aina mpya ya migogoro imeibuka, na nitaielezea hiyo baadaye.
So based on all this, there's also some differentiation on the continent that I want you to know about, because even as the doom and gloom is here, there are some countries -- Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Senegal are performing relatively well at the moment.
Hivyo kutokana na yote haya, pia kuna baadhi ya utofautishaji barani ambao nataka muufahamu, kwasababu pamoja na kuwa kuna baadhi ya nchi-- Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ethiopia Tanzania na Senegal zinafanya vizuri kwa sasa
But what did we do wrong? Let me mention eight things. You have to have more things wrong than right.
Lakini tulikosea wapi? Ngoja nitaje mambo nane. Unapaswa kuwa umekosea zaidi kuliko kupatia.
(Laughter)
(Kicheko)
So there are eight things we did wrong. The first was that even though we grew, we didn't create enough jobs. We didn't create jobs for our youth. Youth unemployment on the continent is about 15 percent, and underemployment is a serious problem.
Hivyo kuna mambo nane tulikosea. La kwanza ilikuwa pamoja na kukua hatukutengeneza ajira za kutosha. Hatukutengeneza ajira kwa vijana wetu. Ukosefu wa ajira kwa vijana barani ni karibia asilimia 15, na upungufu wa ajira ni tatizo kubwa.
The second thing that we did is that the quality of growth was not good enough. Even those jobs we created were low-productivity jobs, so we moved people from low-productivity agriculture to low-productivity commerce and working in the informal sector in the urban areas.
Jambo la pili tulichofanya ni kuwa kiwango cha ukuaji hakikuwa kizuri vyakutosha Hata ajira zilizoundwa zilikuwa ni ajira zenye tija ndogo sana, hivyo tulihamisha watu kutoka kilimo duni kisicho na tija kwenda biashara zisizo na tija na kufanyia kazi sekta isiyo rasmi katika maeneo ya mijini.
The third thing is that inequality increased. So we created more billionaires. 50 billionaires worth 96 billion dollars own more wealth than the bottom 75 million people on the continent.
Jambo la tatu ni kwamba kukosekana kwa usawa kuliongezeka. Hivyo tuliunda mabilionea zaidi. mabilionea 50 wenye thamani ya dola bilioni 96 wanamiliki utajiri zaidi kuliko watu milioni 75 wa chini barani.
Poverty, the proportion of people in poverty -- that's the fourth thing -- did decrease, but the absolute numbers did not because of population growth. And population growth is something that we don't have enough of a dialogue about on the continent. And I think we will need to get a handle on it, particularly how we educate girls. That is the road to really working on this particular issue.
Umaskini, uwiano wa watu katika umaskini-- hilo ni jambo la nne--ulipungua lakini namba halisi hazikupungua kwasababu ya ongezeko la idadi ya watu. Na ongezeko la idadi ya watu ni jambo ambalo hatujafanyia mazungumzo ya kutosha barani. Na ninafikiri tutahitaji kulielewa na kulifanyia kazi haswa jinsi ya kuelimisha wasichana. Hiyo ndio njia haswa kufanyia kazi hasusan kwenye suala hili.
The fifth thing is that we didn't invest enough in infrastructure. We had investment from the Chinese. That helped some countries, but it's not enough. The consumption of electricity in Africa on the continent in Sub-Saharan Africa is equivalent to Spain. The total consumption is equivalent to that of Spain. So many people are living in the dark, and as the President of the African Development Bank said recently, Africa cannot develop in the dark.
Jambo la tano ni kwamba hatukuwekeza vya kutosha kwenye miundombinu. Tulikuwa na uwekezaji kutoka kwa Wachina. Ambao ulisaidia baadhi ya nchi, lakini haitoshi. Utumiaji wa umeme barani Afrika Kusini mwa jangwa la Sahara Afrika ni sawasawa na Hispania. Utumiaji kwa ujumla ni sawasawa na ule wa Hispania Hivyo watu wengi wanaishi gizani, na kama Rais wa Benki ya Maendeleo Afrika alivyosema hivi karibuni, Afrika haiwezi kuendelea gizani.
The other thing we have not done is that our economies retain the same structure that we've had for decades. So even though we've been growing, the structure of the economies has not changed very much. We are still exporting commodities, and exporting commodities is what? It's exporting jobs. Our manufacturing value-added is only 11 percent. We are not creating enough decent manufacturing jobs for our youth, and trade among ourselves is low. Only about 12 percent of our trade is among ourselves. So that's another serious problem.
Kitu kingine ambacho hatujafanya ni kwamba chumi zetu zimeshikilia muundo uliofanana ambao tumekuwa nao kwa miongo. Hivyo pamoja na kwamba tumekua muundo wa chumi zetu haujabadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa. Bado tunauza bidhaa nchi za nje na kuuza bidhaa nchi za nje ni nini? kuuza ajira nchi za nje. Ongezeko la thamani ya uzalishaji wetu ni asilimia 11 tu Hatuundi ajira za kutosha kwenye uzalishaji kwa vijana wetu, na biashara kati yetu ni kidogo. Takriban asilimi 12 tu ya biashara kati yetu sisi wenyewe Hivyo hilo ni tatizo lingine zito sana.
Then governance. Governance is a serious issue. We have weak institutions, and sometimes nonexistent institutions, and I think this gives way for corruption. Corruption is an issue that we have not yet gotten a good enough handle on, and we have to fight tooth and nail, that and increased transparency in the way we manage our economies and the way we manage our finances.
Kisha utawala bora. Utawala bora ni suala zito. Tuna taasisi dhaifu, na wakati mwingine taasisi hewa, ninafikiri hii inaleta mwanya wa rushwa. Rushwa ni suala ambalo bado hatujalimudu kiasi cha kutosha, na tunatakuwa kupambana kufa na kupona, hiyo na ongezeko la uwazi katika jinsi tunavyosimamia chumi zetu na jinsi tunavyosimamia fedha zetu.
We also need to be wary of new conflicts, new types of conflicts, such as we have with Boko Haram in my country, Nigeria, and with Al-Shabaab in Kenya. We need to partner with international partners, developed countries, to fight this together. Otherwise, we create a new reality which is not the type we want for a rising Africa.
Tunahitaji pia kujihadhari na migogoro mipya, aina mpya ya migogoro, kama tuliyonayo na Boko Haram katika nchi yangu, Nigeria, Na Al-Shabaab nchini Kenya. Tunahitaji kushirikiana na washiriki wa kimataifa, nchi zilizoendelea, kupambana juu ya hili pamoja. Ama sivyo, tunaunda ukweli mpya ambao sio aina tunayotaka kwa Afrika inayokua.
And finally, the issue of education. Our education systems in many countries are broken. We are not creating the types of skills needed for the future. So we have to find a way to educate better. So those are the things that we are not doing right.
Na mwisho, ni suala la elimu. Mifumo yetu ya elimu katika nchi nyingi imevunjika. Hatuundi aina ya stadi zinazohitajika kwa siku za usoni Hivyo tunatakiwa tutafute njia ya kutoa elimu kwa ubora. Hivyo hayo ni mambo ambayo hatufanyi kwa usahihi.
Now, where do we go from there? I believe that the way forward is to learn to manage success. Very often, when people succeed or countries succeed, they forget what made them succeed. Learning what you're successful at, managing it and keeping it is vital for us. So all those things I said we did right, we have to learn to do it right again, keep doing it right. Managing the economy while creating stability is vital, getting prices right, and policy consistency. Very often, we are not consistent. One regime goes out, another comes in and they throw away even the functioning policies that were there before. What does this do? It creates uncertainty for people, for households, uncertainties for business. They don't know whether and how to invest.
Sasa, tunaenda wapi kutokea hapo? Ninaamini njia ya kusongambele ni kujifunza kusimamia mafanikio. Mara nyingi, watu wanapofanikiwa au nchi zinapofanikiwa husahau kullichowafanya wafanikiwe. Kujifunza kile unachoweza kufanikiwa, kukisimamia na kukitunza ni jambo muhimu kwetu. Hivyo vitu vyote nilivyosema tulifanya sahihi, tunatakiwa kujifunza kuvifanya kwa usahihi tena, na kuviendeleza. Kusimamia uchumi wakati unaunda ustawi ni muhimu, kupata bei sahihi na sera thabiti. Mara nyingi hatuna uthabiti Mfumo wa utawala mmoja ukitoka unaingia mwingine na wanatupa mbali hata sera zilizokuwa zinafanyakazi vizuri awali Hii inafanya nini? Inaleta sintofahamu kwa watu, kaya sintofahamu kwa biashara Hawajui jinsi na wakati wa kuwekeza.
Debt: we must manage the success we had in reducing our debt, but now countries are back to borrowing again, and we see our debt-to-GDP ratio beginning to creep up, and in certain countries, debt is becoming a problem, so we have to avoid that. So managing success.
Deni: tunatakiwa tusimamie' mafanikio tuliyopata katika kupunguza deni letu, lakini sasa nchi zimerudia katika kukopa tena, na tumeona urari wa deni kwa Pato la taifa unaanza kupanda tena, na katika baadhi ya nchi, deni linakuwa ni tatizo, hivyo tunatakiwa tuliepuke. Hivyo usimamizi wa mafanikio
The next thing is focusing with a laser beam on those things we did not do well. First and foremost is infrastructure. Yes, most countries now recognize they have to invest in this, and they are trying to do the best they can to do that. We must. The most important thing is power. You cannot develop in the dark.
Kinachofuata ni kuwa makini sana na yale mambo ambayo hatukufanya vizuri. Kitu cha kwanza kabisa ni miundombinu Ndio, nchi nyingi sasa zinatambua zinahitaji kuwekeza kwenye hili, na zinajaribu kufanya kadiri ziwezavyo kufanya hivyo. Lazima. Kitu muhimu sana ni umeme. Huwezi kuendelea katika giza.
And then governance and corruption: we have to fight. We have to make our countries transparent. And above all, we have to engage our young people. We have genius in our young people. I see it every day. It's what makes me wake up in the morning and feel ready to go. We have to unleash the genius of our young people, get out of their way, support them to create and innovate and lead the way. And I know that they will lead us in the right direction.
Na kisha utawala bora na rushwa: tunatakiwa tupambane. Tunatakiwa kuendesha nchi zetu kwa uwazi. Pamoja na yote hayo, lazima tuwashirikishe vijana. Tuna ubunifu katika vijana wetu Ninauona kila siku. Ndio kinachoniamsha asubuhi na kujisikia tayari kwenda. Tunatakiwa tusibanie ubunifu katika vijana wetu, tusiwazibie njia, tuwaunge mkono kuunda na ugunduzi na kuongoza njia. Na ninajua kwamba watatuongoza katika mwelekeo sahihi.
And our women, and our girls: we have to recognize that girls and women are a gift. They have strength, and we have to unleash that strength so that they can contribute to the continent.
Na wanawake wetu, na wasichana wetu: tunatakiwa tutambue kwamba wanawake na wasichana ni zawadi. Wana nguvu, na tunatakiwa tusiwabanie hiyo nguvu ili waweze kutoa mchango wao barani.
I strongly believe that when we do all of these things, we find that the rising Africa narrative is not a fluke. It's a trend. It's a trend, and if we continue, if we unleash our youth, if we unleash our women, we may step backwards sometimes, we may even step sideways, but the trend is clear. Africa will continue to rise.
Nina amini kwa nguvu kwamba tukifanya hayo yote, tutakuta kwamba simulizi za Afrika inayokua sio ubabaishaji. ni harakati. Ni harakati, na tukiendelea, tusipowabania vijana wetu, tusipowabania wanawake wetu, wakati mwingine tunaweza kurudi nyuma, tunaweza pia kukaa pembezoni, lakini harakati ziko wazi. Afrika itaendelea kukua.
And I tell you businesspeople in the audience, investment in Africa is not for today, is not for tomorrow, it's not a short-term thing, it's a longer term thing. But if you are not invested in Africa, then you will be missing one of the most important emerging opportunities in the world.
Na ninawaambia wafanyabiashara mliopo kwenye hadhira hii, uwekezaji Afrika sio kwa ajili ya leo, sio kwa ajili ya kesho, sio kitu cha muda mfupi, ni kitu cha muda mrefu. Lakini ikiwa hamtawekeza Afrika, basi mtakuwa mnakosa mojawapo ya fursa zinazoibuka duniani.
Thank you.
Asante.
(Applause)
(Makofi)
Kelly Stoetzel: So you mentioned corruption in your talk, and you're known, well-known as a strong anticorruption fighter. But that's had consequences. People have fought back, and your mother was kidnapped. How have you been handling this? Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: It's been very difficult. Thank you for mentioning the issue of the kidnap of my mother. It's a very difficult subject. But what it means is that when you fight corruption, when you touch the pockets of people who are stealing money, they don't just keep quiet. They fight back, and the issue for you is when they try to intimidate you, do you give up, or do you fight on? Do you find a way to stay on and fight back? And the answer that I had with the teams I worked with is we have to fight on. We have to create those institutions. We have to find ways to stop these people from taking away the heritage of the future. And so that's what we did. And even out of government, we continued to make that point. In our countries, nobody, nobody is going to fight corruption for us but us. And therefore, that comes with consequences, and we just have to do the best we can. But I thank you and thank TED for giving us a voice to say to those people, you will not win, and we will not be intimidated.
Kelly Stoetzel: Umegusia rushwa katika mazungumzo yako na unafahamika vizuri kuwa mpambanaji thabiti wa rushwa. Lakini hiyo ilikuwa na matokeo yake. Watu walijibu mashambulizi, na mama yako alitekwa nyara. Umewezaje kulimudu hili? Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Imekuwa ngumu sana. Asante kwa kugusia suala la kutekwa nyara mama yangu Ni mada ngumu sana. Lakini inachomaanisha ni kwamba unapopambana na rushwa, unapogusa mifuko ya watu wanaoiba pesa, hawanyamazi kimya tu. Watajibu mashambulizi, na suala kubwa ni wanapojaribu kutumia vitisho unakata tamaa, au unaendeleza mapambano? Unatafuta njia ya kubakia na kujibu mashambulizi? Na jibu nililokuwa nalo nikiwa na timu zilizofanya nazo kazi ni kuendeleza mapambano Tunatakiwa kuunda hizo taasisi. Tunatakiwa kutafuta njia ya kuwazuia hawa watu waache kuchukua urithi wa baadaye. Na hicho ndicho tulichofanya. Na hata nje ya serikali, tuliendelea kuweka msisitizo. Katika nchi zetu, hakuna, hakuna atakaye pambana na rushwa isipokuwa sisi wenyewe. kwa hiyo, hilo linakuja na matokeo, na tunatakiwa kufanya kadiri tuwezavyo. Lakini nakushukuru na kuwashukuru TED kutupa sauti kuwaambia hao watu, hamtashinda, na hatutatishika
Thank you.
Asante.
(Applause)
(Makofi)
Kelly Stoetzel: Thank you so much for your great talk and important work.
Kelly Stoetzel: Asante sana kwa mazungumzo yako mazuri na kazi muhimu.
(Applause)
(Makofi)