Now this is a very un-TED-like thing to do, but let's kick off the afternoon with a message from a mystery sponsor.
Hindi ito pangkaraniwang ginagawa sa TED, pero simulan natin ang hapong ito sa isang mensahe mula sa isang misteryosong isponsor.
Anonymous: Dear Fox News, it has come to our unfortunate attention that both the name and nature of Anonymous has been ravaged. We are everyone. We are no one. We are anonymous. We are legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. We are but the base of chaos.
Anonymous: Minamahal kong Fox News, dumating sa aming hindi kanais-nais na atensyon na parehong ang pangalan at likas na katangian ng Anonymous ay napinsala na. Kami ang lahat. Kami ang kawalan. Kami ang anonymous. Kami ang legion. Hindi kami marunong magpatawad. Hindi kami marunong lumimot. Kami ang puno't dulo ng ganap na kaguluhan.
Misha Glenny: Anonymous, ladies and gentlemen -- a sophisticated group of politically motivated hackers who have emerged in 2011. And they're pretty scary. You never know when they're going to attack next, who or what the consequences will be. But interestingly, they have a sense of humor. These guys hacked into Fox News' Twitter account to announce President Obama's assassination. Now you can imagine the panic that would have generated in the newsroom at Fox. "What do we do now? Put on a black armband, or crack open the champagne?" (Laughter) And of course, who could escape the irony of a member of Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. being a victim of hacking for a change.
Misha Glenny: Anonymous, mga binibini at ginoo -- isang sopistikadong grupo ng mga hackers na may pulitikal na layunin na nagpakilala ngayong 2011. At sila'y talagang nakakatakot. Hindi mo alam kung kailan sila susunod na aatake, sino o ano ang magiging kahihinatnan. Ngunit ang nakakatuwa, sila ay may sense of humor naman. Hinack nila ang Twitter account ng Fox News upang ibalita ang tangkang pagpatay kay Pangulong Obama. Ngayon maiisip mo ang takot na maaaring nalikha sa loob ng Fox newsroom. "Ano ang gagawin natin ngayon? Magsuot ng itim na gasa, or magbukas nalang ng champagne?" (Tawanan) Siyempre, sino ang hindi matatawa sa kabalintunaan ng miyembro ng Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. na naging biktima ng hacking.
(Laughter)
(Tawanan)
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)
Sometimes you turn on the news and you say, "Is there anyone left to hack?" Sony Playstation Network -- done, the government of Turkey -- tick, Britain's Serious Organized Crime Agency -- a breeze, the CIA -- falling off a log. In fact, a friend of mine from the security industry told me the other day that there are two types of companies in the world: those that know they've been hacked, and those that don't. I mean three companies providing cybersecurity services to the FBI have been hacked. Is nothing sacred anymore, for heaven's sake?
Kung minsan tinitingnan mo ang mga balita at sinasabing, "Meron pa bang pwedeng i-hack?" Sony Playstation Network -- tapos na, ang gobyerno ng Turkey -- tsek, Britain's Serious Organized Crime Agency -- sobrang dali, the CIA -- naibagsak na. Sa katunayan, sinabi ng kaibigan ko mula sa larangan ng security noong isang araw na may dalawang uri ng kumpanya sa mundo: iyong alam na sila'y na-hack, at iyong hindi. Ang ibig kong sabihin, tatlong kumpanya na nagseserbisyo ng cybersecurity sa FBI ay na-hack na. Wala nang sinasanto ngayon, tama?
Anyway, this mysterious group Anonymous -- and they would say this themselves -- they are providing a service by demonstrating how useless companies are at protecting our data. But there is also a very serious aspect to Anonymous -- they are ideologically driven. They claim that they are battling a dastardly conspiracy. They say that governments are trying to take over the Internet and control it, and that they, Anonymous, are the authentic voice of resistance -- be it against Middle Eastern dictatorships, against global media corporations, or against intelligence agencies, or whoever it is. And their politics are not entirely unattractive. Okay, they're a little inchoate. There's a strong whiff of half-baked anarchism about them. But one thing is true: we are at the beginning of a mighty struggle for control of the Internet. The Web links everything, and very soon it will mediate most human activity. Because the Internet has fashioned a new and complicated environment for an old-age dilemma that pits the demands of security with the desire for freedom.
Gayunpaman, itong misteryosong grupo na Anonymous -- at ito mismo ang pagsasalarawan nila sa sarili -- ay nagseserbisyo publiko sa pamamagitan ng pagpapakita ng pagka-inutil ng mga kumpanya sa pangangalaga ng ating datos. Ngunit may seryosong aspeto ang Anonymous -- kung saan ideyolohiya ang umiiral. Sinasabing sila'y nakikipaglaban sa tusong pagsasabwatan. Sinasabing ang gobyerno ay nagbabalak kontrolin ang Internet, at sila, ang Anonymous, ay ang totoong boses ng pagtutol -- sa paglaban sa diktadura ng Gitnang Silangan, sa mga pang-daigdigang korporasyon sa larangan ng media, o kaya'y sa mga intelligence agencies, o maging sino pa man. At ang mga ideyang pulitikal nila ay hindi lubos na kanais-nais. Okay, medyo malabo na. Maamoy mo ang kawalang pamamahala sa pangkat nila. Ngunit isang bagay ang totoo: tayo ay nasa simula ng matinding pakikibaka para sa kontrol ng Internet. Lahat ay pinagdudugtong ng Web, at di lalaon ito ang mamagitan sa halos lahat ng ating gawain. Dahil ang Internet ay may bago at komplikadong kapaligiran para sa matandang suliranin na ibalanse ang pagnanais ng seguridad at pagnanasa ng kalayaan.
Now this is a very complicated struggle. And unfortunately, for mortals like you and me, we probably can't understand it very well. Nonetheless, in an unexpected attack of hubris a couple of years ago, I decided I would try and do that. And I sort of get it. These were the various things that I was looking at as I was trying to understand it. But in order to try and explain the whole thing, I would need another 18 minutes or so to do it, so you're just going to have to take it on trust from me on this occasion, and let me assure you that all of these issues are involved in cybersecurity and control of the Internet one way or the other, but in a configuration that even Stephen Hawking would probably have difficulty trying to get his head around. So there you are. And as you see, in the middle, there is our old friend, the hacker. The hacker is absolutely central to many of the political, social and economic issues affecting the Net. And so I thought to myself, "Well, these are the guys who I want to talk to." And what do you know, nobody else does talk to the hackers. They're completely anonymous, as it were.
Ngayon ito'y napakakomplikadong laban. Sa kasamaang-palad, para sa mga mortal na gaya natin, marahil hindi natin ito maiintindihang mabuti. Gayunpaman, sa biglang yabang ko dalawang taon na ang nakalipas, nagpasiya akong subukan at gawin iyon. At parang nakukuha ko na. Ito ang mga samu't saring bagay na aking tinitingnan habang sinusubukan kong maunawaan iyon. Ngunit para masubukan at maipaliwanag ang buong bagay, kailangan ko ng 18 minuto para magawa ito, at sana'y magtiwala lang kayo sa akin ngayon, at sinisiguro ko sa inyo na lahat ng ito ay may kinalaman sa cybersecurity at pagkontrol ng Internet sa isang paraan o iba pa, ngunit sa pagkakaayos na kahit si Stephen Hawking ay mahihirapang maintindihan. Kaya heto ka. At kung nakikita mo, sa gitna, ay ang ating dakilang kaibigan, ang hacker. Ang hacker ay ganap na gitna sa karamihan ng isyung pulitikal, panlipunan at pang-ekonomiya na nakakaapekto sa Net. At naisip ko sa sarili ko, "Buweno, sila ang mga taong gusto kong makausap." At ano pa nga ba, wala palang nakikipag-usap sa mga hackers. Sila'y lubos na anonymous, tulad nito.
So despite the fact that we are beginning to pour billions, hundreds of billions of dollars, into cybersecurity -- for the most extraordinary technical solutions -- no one wants to talk to these guys, the hackers, who are doing everything. Instead, we prefer these really dazzling technological solutions, which cost a huge amount of money. And so nothing is going into the hackers. Well, I say nothing, but actually there is one teeny weeny little research unit in Turin, Italy called the Hackers Profiling Project. And they are doing some fantastic research into the characteristics, into the abilities and the socialization of hackers. But because they're a U.N. operation, maybe that's why governments and corporations are not that interested in them. Because it's a U.N. operation, of course, it lacks funding. But I think they're doing very important work. Because where we have a surplus of technology in the cybersecurity industry, we have a definite lack of -- call me old-fashioned -- human intelligence.
Kaya sa kabila ng mga balitang bilyun-bilyon ang binububuhos, daan-daang bilyong dolyares, sa cybersecurity -- upang gumawa ng mga pambihirang solusyong teknikal -- walang gustong makipag-usap sa mga taong ito, sa mga hacker, na nasa gitna ng lahat. Sa halip, mas gusto nating bilhin ang mga pambihirang teknolohiya, at gumastos ng napakalaking halaga. At kaya walang pumupunta sa mga hacker. Gayunpaman, may isang maliit na pangkat ng mananaliksik sa Turin, Italy na tinatawag na Hackers Profiling Project. At gumagawa sila ng nakakatuwang pananaliksik sa mga katangian, abilidad at pagsasapanlipunan ng mga hacker. Ngunit dahil sila'y operasyon ng U.N., hindi pinapansin ng mga gobyerno at korporasyon ang kanilang impormasyon. Dahil ito'y operasyon ng U.N., siyempre, wala itong pondo. Ngunit sa tingin ko mahalaga ang kanilang trabaho. Dahil kung saan mayroong kalabisan ng teknolohiya sa larangan ng cybersecurity, tayo ay may tiyak na kakulangan -- tawagin mo akong makaluma -- sa intelligence reports.
Now, so far I've mentioned the hackers Anonymous who are a politically motivated hacking group. Of course, the criminal justice system treats them as common old garden criminals. But interestingly, Anonymous does not make use of its hacked information for financial gain. But what about the real cybercriminals? Well real organized crime on the Internet goes back about 10 years when a group of gifted Ukrainian hackers developed a website, which led to the industrialization of cybercrime. Welcome to the now forgotten realm of CarderPlanet. This is how they were advertising themselves a decade ago on the Net. Now CarderPlanet was very interesting. Cybercriminals would go there to buy and sell stolen credit card details, to exchange information about new malware that was out there. And remember, this is a time when we're seeing for the first time so-called off-the-shelf malware. This is ready for use, out-of-the-box stuff, which you can deploy even if you're not a terribly sophisticated hacker.
Nabanggit ko na na ang grupong Anonymous ay may layuning pulitikal. Siyempre, sa sistema ng hustisyang pang-krimen sila ay mga pangkaraniwang kriminal. Ngunit, hindi ginagamit ng Anonymous ang na-hack na datos upang yumaman. Papaano naman ang mga totoong cybercriminals? Ang organisadong krimen sa Internet ay nagsimula noong 10 taon ang nakalipas kung saan ilang Ukrainian hackers ay gumawa ng website, at tuluyang pinalawig ang larangan ng cybercrime. Maligayang pagdating sa pinaglumaang kaharian ng CarderPlanet. Ganito ang pagsasalarawan nila sa sarili sa Net noon isang dekada ang nakalipas. Talaga namang nakakaaliw ang CarderPlanet. Pupunta ang mga cybercriminals doon upang bumili at ibenta ang mga nanakaw na credit card info, para makipagpalitan ng impormasyon tungkol sa mga bagong malware. At alalahanin, ito yung mga panahon kung saan bagong-bago pa ang mga off-the-shelf malware. Ito yung mga madaling gamitin, mga out-of-the-box, na maaring gamitin kahit hindi gaanong sanay ang isang hacker.
And so CarderPlanet became a sort of supermarket for cybercriminals. And its creators were incredibly smart and entrepreneurial, because they were faced with one enormous challenge as cybercriminals. And that challenge is: How do you do business, how do you trust somebody on the Web who you want to do business with when you know that they're a criminal? (Laughter) It's axiomatic that they're dodgy, and they're going to want to try and rip you off. So the family, as the inner core of CarderPlanet was known, came up with this brilliant idea called the escrow system. They appointed an officer who would mediate between the vendor and the purchaser. The vendor, say, had stolen credit card details; the purchaser wanted to get a hold of them. The purchaser would send the administrative officer some dollars digitally, and the vendor would sell the stolen credit card details. And the officer would then verify if the stolen credit card worked. And if they did, he then passed on the money to the vendor and the stolen credit card details to the purchaser. And it was this which completely revolutionized cybercrime on the Web. And after that, it just went wild. We had a champagne decade for people who we know as Carders.
Kaya't naging isang malaking pamilihan ang CarderPlanet para sa mga cybercriminals. At ang lumikha nito ay napakatalino at mala-negosyante, dahil sila'y nahaharap noon sa isang hamon bilang mga cybercriminals. At ang hamon na iyon: Paano magtatagumpay ang negosyong ito, at paano mo pagkakatiwalaan ang isang kliyente sa Web na nais makipag-negosyo kung sila'y isang kriminal? (Tawanan) Kaakibat na siguro ang pagkatuso, na maaring kang dayain ng iyong kliyente. Kaya nakaisip ang pamilya, na siyang tawag sa bumubuo ng CarderPlanet, ang isang napakahusay na ideya na tinawag na sistemang escrow. Nagtalaga sila ng opisyal na mamamagitan sa nagbebenta at mamimili. Halimbawa, bitbit ng nagbebenta ang nanakaw na credit card info; gusto ng mamimili na makuha ang mga ito. Ang mamimili ay magpapadala sa opisyal ng ilang dolyares sa paraang digital, at ibibigay ng nagbebenta ang mga detalye. Susubukan muna ng opisyal kung gumagana ang nakaw na credit card. Kapag gumagana nga, ibibigay na niya ang pera sa nagbebenta at ang credit card info sa mamimili. Ang sistemang ito mismo ang ganap na nagpabago sa cybercrime sa Web. Pagkatapos noon, lalo na itong lumaganap. Nagkaroon ng tinatawag na dekadang champagne ang mga tauhan ng Carders.
Now I spoke to one of these Carders who we'll call RedBrigade -- although that wasn't even his proper nickname -- but I promised I wouldn't reveal who he was. And he explained to me how in 2003 and 2004 he would go on sprees in New York, taking out $10,000 from an ATM here, $30,000 from an ATM there, using cloned credit cards. He was making, on average a week, $150,000 -- tax free of course. And he said that he had so much money stashed in his upper-East side apartment at one point that he just didn't know what to do with it and actually fell into a depression. But that's a slightly different story, which I won't go into now. Now the interesting thing about RedBrigade is that he wasn't an advanced hacker. He sort of understood the technology, and he realized that security was very important if you were going to be a Carder, but he didn't spend his days and nights bent over a computer, eating pizza, drinking coke and that sort of thing. He was out there on the town having a fab time enjoying the high life.
Nakipag-usap ako sa isa sa mga Carders na tatawagin nating RedBrigade -- kahit na hindi iyon ang kanyang totoong palayaw -- dahil naipangako kong hindi ko siya ibubunyag. At ipinaliwanag niya sa akin na noong 2003 at 2004 pupunta lang siya sa New York, kukuha ng $10,000 sa isang ATM dito, $30,000 sa isang ATM doon, gamit ang mga cloned credit cards. Sa isang linggo, humigit-kumulang $150,000 -- na walang tax! At sabi niya sa sobrang dami ng pera na nakatago sa kanyang apartment sa upper-East side ay dumating ang pagkakataong wala na siyang pagkakagastusan at dumaan sa matinding pagkalungkot. Ngunit ibang kwento na iyon, at hindi ko muna ikukwento sa inyo. Ang totoo niyan, si RedBrigade ay hindi naman ang pinakamagaling na hacker. Naiintindihan niya ang teknolohiya, at batid na mahalaga ang paniniguro kung ikaw magiging isang Carder, ngunit hindi niya ginugol ang bawat araw at gabi sa harap ng kompyuter, kumakain ng pizza, umiinom ng coke, at iba pa. Ang totoo, madalas siyang lumabas at nagsasaya sa tinuturing niyang rurok ng tagumpay.
And this is because hackers are only one element in a cybercriminal enterprise. And often they're the most vulnerable element of all. And I want to explain this to you by introducing you to six characters who I met while I was doing this research. Dimitry Golubov, aka SCRIPT -- born in Odessa, Ukraine in 1982. Now he developed his social and moral compass on the Black Sea port during the 1990s. This was a sink-or-swim environment where involvement in criminal or corrupt activities was entirely necessary if you wanted to survive. As an accomplished computer user, what Dimitry did was to transfer the gangster capitalism of his hometown onto the Worldwide Web. And he did a great job in it. You have to understand though that from his ninth birthday, the only environment he knew was gangsterism. He knew no other way of making a living and making money.
Ito ay dahil ang mga hacker ay isang elemento lamang sa negosyong cybercrime. Madalas, sila ang pinakamarupok na elemento sa lahat. Gusto kong ipaliwanag ito gamit ang anim na tauhan na nakilala ko habang nananaliksik pa ako. Dimitry Golubov, alyas SCRIPT -- ipinanganak sa Odessa, Ukraine noong 1982. Natuto siya sa mga isyung panlipunan at moral sa daungan ng Black Sea noong 1990s. Iyon ay isang malupit na kapaligiran at ang paglahok sa kriminal na gawain ay hindi maiiwasan kung gusto mong mabuhay ng matagal. Bilang mahusay sa paggamit ng kompyuter, ginaya ni Dimitry ang kapitalismo ng gangster ng kanyang bayan at pinagpatuloy sa Worldwide Web. At napakahusay niya dito. Alalahanin mong pagsapit ng kanyang ika-9 na kaarawan, ang tanging lipunan na alam niya ay gangsterism. Para sa kanya, walang ibang paraan upang mabuhay at magkapera.
Then we have Renukanth Subramaniam, aka JiLsi -- founder of DarkMarket, born in Colombo, Sri Lanka. As an eight year-old, he and his parents fled the Sri Lankan capital because Singhalese mobs were roaming the city, looking for Tamils like Renu to murder. At 11, he was interrogated by the Sri Lankan military, accused of being a terrorist, and his parents sent him on his own to Britain as a refugee seeking political asylum. At 13, with only little English and being bullied at school, he escaped into a world of computers where he showed great technical ability, but he was soon being seduced by people on the Internet. He was convicted of mortgage and credit card fraud, and he will be released from Wormwood Scrubs jail in London in 2012.
Andyan si Renukanth Subramaniam, alyas JiLsi -- tagapagtatag ng DarkMarket, ipinanganak sa Colombo, Sri Lanka. Noong walong taong gulang siya, lumisan ang kanyang mga magulang mula sa Colombo dahil sa mga Singhalese na nagkalat sa siyudad, at hinahanap ang mga Tamil gaya ni Renu upang patayin. Sa edad na 11, siya ay siniyasat ng mga kawal ng Sri Lanka, inakusahan ng pagiging terorista, kaya't pinadala siya ng kanyang mga magulang sa Britanya bilang isang refugee na naghahanap ng political asylum. Sa edad na 13, at dahil kaunti lamang ang alam sa wikang Ingles at inaapi pa sa paaralan, naging kanlungan niya ang mundo ng kompyuter at nagpalamas ng husay at abilidad, ngunit di kalaunan siya ay naakit ng mga masasamang tao sa Internet. Siya ay nahatulan ng pagsasangla at pandaraya ng credit cards, at makakalaya na siya mula Wormwood Scrubs jail sa London sa 2012.
Matrix001, who was an administrator at DarkMarket. Born in Southern Germany to a stable and well-respected middle class family, his obsession with gaming as a teenager led him to hacking. And he was soon controlling huge servers around the world where he stored his games that he had cracked and pirated. His slide into criminality was incremental. And when he finally woke up to his situation and understood the implications, he was already in too deep.
Matrix001, na isang tagapamahala sa DarkMarket. Ipinanganak sa katimugang Alemanya sa isang respetadong pamilyang middle-class, at ang pagkahumaling sa gaming noong siya'y binata pa ay humantong sa hacking. Di nagtagal, hawak na niya ang malalaking servers sa iba't ibang panig ng mundo na naglalaman ng mga laro na kanyang na-crack at pinirata. Ang pagkalulong sa krimen ay lumala. Ngunit noong nagising siya sa katotohanan at lubos nang naintindihan ang mga bagay-bagay, naging huli na ang lahat.
Max Vision, aka ICEMAN -- mastermind of CardersMarket. Born in Meridian, Idaho. Max Vision was one of the best penetration testers working out of Santa Clara, California in the late 90s for private companies and voluntarily for the FBI. Now in the late 1990s, he discovered a vulnerability on all U.S. government networks, and he went in and patched it up -- because this included nuclear research facilities -- sparing the American government a huge security embarrassment. But also, because he was an inveterate hacker, he left a tiny digital wormhole through which he alone could crawl. But this was spotted by an eagle-eye investigator, and he was convicted. At his open prison, he came under the influence of financial fraudsters, and those financial fraudsters persuaded him to work for them on his release. And this man with a planetary-sized brain is now serving a 13-year sentence in California.
Max Vision, alyas ICEMAN -- ang utak ng cardersMarket. Ipinanganak sa Meridian, Idaho. Isa si Max Vision sa mga pinakamagaling na penetration tester na nagtratrabaho sa Santa Clara, California noong 90s para sa mga pribadong kumpanya at nag-volunteer sa FBI. Noong pagtatapos ng 1990s, nadiskubre niya ang isang butas sa mga network ng pamahalaan ng U.S., at inayos niya ito agad -- dahil sakop nito ang mga kagamitang nuclear -- at naiwasan ng gobyerno ng Amerika ang isang malaking kahihiyan. Ngunit, dahil sa kanyang ugaling hacker, nag-iwan siya ng digital wormhole na siya lamang ang makakalusot. Sa kasamaang palad, natuklasan ito ng isang imbestigador, at siya ay nahatulan ng pagkakakulong. Sa kanyang pagkakabilanggo, siya ay nilapitan ng mga nais mandaya, at hinimok siya ng mga financial fraudsters na makipag-ugnayan kapag lumaya na siya. Kaya't ang taong ito, kahit na sobrang talino, ay nakakulong ngayon sa sentensiyang 13-taon sa California.
Adewale Taiwo, aka FreddyBB -- master bank account cracker from Abuja in Nigeria. He set up his prosaically entitled newsgroup, bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk before arriving in Britain in 2005 to take a Masters in chemical engineering at Manchester University. He impressed in the private sector, developing chemical applications for the oil industry while simultaneously running a worldwide bank and credit card fraud operation that was worth millions until his arrest in 2008.
Adewale Taiwo, alyas FeddyBB -- master bank account cracker mula sa Abuja sa Nigeria. Itinatag niya ang walang pasakalyeng newsgroup, bankfrauds@yahoo.co.uk bago dumating sa Britanya noong 2005 upang kumuha ng Masters sa chemical engineering sa Pamantasaan ng Manchester. Pinahanga niya ang pribadong sektor, lumikha ng mga teknolohiyang pangkemikal para sa industriya ng langis habang pinapatakbo ang pandaigdigang operasyon ng bank at credit card fraud na nagkakahalaga ng milyon-milyon hanggang siya'y maaresto noong 2008.
And then finally, Cagatay Evyapan, aka Cha0 -- one of the most remarkable hackers ever, from Ankara in Turkey. He combined the tremendous skills of a geek with the suave social engineering skills of the master criminal. One of the smartest people I've ever met. He also had the most effective virtual private network security arrangement the police have ever encountered amongst global cybercriminals.
At si Cagatay Evyapan, alyas Cha0 -- isa sa mga pinakakahanga-hangang hacker, mula sa Ankara sa Turkey. Abilidad niya ang pinagsamang geek at swabeng pakikipag-ugnayan na tatak ng isang master criminal. Isa siya sa mga pinakamatalinong taong nakilala ko. Nilikha din niya ang pinaka-epektibong virtual private network security arrangement ayon sa mga pulis, kung ikukumpara sa lahat ng mga cybercriminals.
Now the important thing about all of these people is they share certain characteristics despite the fact that they come from very different environments. They are all people who learned their hacking skills in their early to mid-teens. They are all people who demonstrate advanced ability in maths and the sciences. Remember that, when they developed those hacking skills, their moral compass had not yet developed. And most of them, with the exception of SCRIPT and Cha0, they did not demonstrate any real social skills in the outside world -- only on the Web.
Ang mahalagang bagay tungkol sa mga taong ito ay ang iilang katangiang bitbit nila kahit na sila'y nagmula sa iba't-ibang karanasan. Natuto silang mag-hack noong kabataan nila. Sila ay may pambihirang abilidad sa matematika at agham. Mapapansing naging mahusay sila sa hacking noong hindi pa ganap ang kanilang paninindigang moral. At karamihan sa kanila, except kay SCRIPT at Cha0, ay walang ganap na kakayahang makihalubilo sa tunay na mundo -- tanging sa Web lamang.
And the other thing is the high incidence of hackers like these who have characteristics which are consistent with Asperger's syndrome. Now I discussed this with Professor Simon Baron-Cohen who's the professor of developmental psychopathology at Cambridge. And he has done path-breaking work on autism and confirmed, also for the authorities here, that Gary McKinnon -- who is wanted by the United States for hacking into the Pentagon -- suffers from Asperger's and a secondary condition of depression. And Baron-Cohen explained that certain disabilities can manifest themselves in the hacking and computing world as tremendous skills, and that we should not be throwing in jail people who have such disabilities and skills because they have lost their way socially or been duped.
At kapansin-pansin na ang mga katangian ng hackers ay mga katangian ng mga taong may Asperger's syndrome. Itinanong ko ito kay Propesor Simon Baron-Cohen na dalubhasa sa developmental psychopathology sa Cambridge. Ginawa niya ang ilang panibagong pag-aaral sa autism at pinatunayan na si Gary McKinnon -- na pinaghahanap ng Estado Unidos dahil sa pag-hack sa Pentagon -- ay may Asperger's at nakakaranas ng ng matinding kalungkutan. Ipinaliwanag ni Baron-Cohen na ang kanilang kapansanan ay pinupunan ng husay sa hacking at paggamit ng kompyuter bilang kapalit, at hindi makatarugan na agad nating ipakulong ang mga taong ito na may kakaibang kapansanan at kakayahan dahil wala silang kakayahang makihalubilo o di kaya'y nadaya lang.
Now I think we're missing a trick here, because I don't think people like Max Vision should be in jail. And let me be blunt about this. In China, in Russia and in loads of other countries that are developing cyber-offensive capabilities, this is exactly what they are doing. They are recruiting hackers both before and after they become involved in criminal and industrial espionage activities -- are mobilizing them on behalf of the state. We need to engage and find ways of offering guidance to these young people, because they are a remarkable breed. And if we rely, as we do at the moment, solely on the criminal justice system and the threat of punitive sentences, we will be nurturing a monster we cannot tame.
Tingin ko'y isang malaking oportunidad ito, dahil tingin ko hindi bagay sa kulungan ang mga taong gaya ni Max Vision. At magiging pranka ako. Sa Tsina, sa Russia at iba pang bansa na nagpapayabong ng kakayahang cyber-offensive, ito ang kanilang ginagawa. Kinukuha na nila agad ang mga hacker bago pa man o pagkatapos nilang masangkot sa gawaing kriminal at espionage -- at pinapakilos sa ikakabuti ng estado. Kailangan nating kumasundo at magbigay patnubay sa mga kabataang ito, dahil sila'y katangi-tangi. At kung tayo ay aasa, tulad ngayon, sa sistema ng criminal justice at mga malalambot na parusa, maaring lumaki pa ang halimaw at mahirap nang mapaamo.
Thank you very much for listening.
Maraming salamat sa pakikinig.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)
Chris Anderson: So your idea worth spreading is hire hackers. How would someone get over that kind of fear that the hacker they hire might preserve that little teensy wormhole?
Chris Anderson: Ang ideya mo ay ang bigyang trabaho ang mga hackers. Hindi ba't andun ang pangamba na ang mga kukunin nating hackers ay maglalagay din ng wormhole?
MG: I think to an extent, you have to understand that it's axiomatic among hackers that they do that. They're just relentless and obsessive about what they do. But all of the people who I've spoken to who have fallen foul of the law, they have all said, "Please, please give us a chance to work in the legitimate industry. We just never knew how to get there, what we were doing. We want to work with you."
MG: Sa tingin ko, kailangan nating unawain na ugali na ng mga hackers ang ganyan. Wala silang sinasanto at obsessed sa kanilang ginagawa. Ngunit ayon sa mga taong kinausap ko na nagkasala sa batas, ang sabi nila, "Pakiusap, bigyan niyo kami ng pagkakataon na makapagtrabaho sa isang legal na industriya. Hindi nga lang namin alam kung papaano. Gusto naming makipagtrabaho sa inyo."
Chris Anderson: Okay, well that makes sense. Thanks a lot Misha.
Chris Anderson: Kung sabagay tama ka. Maraming salamat Misha.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)