(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
That's SpotMini. He'll be back in a little while.
To je SpotMini. Uskoro će nam se opet pridružiti.
I --
Ja...
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
I love building robots. And my long-term goal is to build robots that can do what people and animals do. And there's three things in particular that we're interested in. One is balance and dynamic mobility, the second one is mobile manipulation, and the third one is mobile perception.
Volim izrađivati robote. A moj dugoročni cilj je izraditi robote koji mogu sve što mogu ljudi i životinje. A postoje tri stvari koje nas najviše zanimaju. Prva je ravnoteža i pokretljivost, druga je upravljanje tom pokretljivošću, a treća je percepcija te pokretljivosti.
So, dynamic mobility and balance -- I'm going to do a demo for you. I'm standing here, balancing. I can see you're not very impressed. OK, how about now?
Dakle, pokretljivost i ravnoteža... Pokazat ću vam. Stojim ovdje, održavam ravnotežu. Vidim da niste baš impresionirani. U redu, a sada?
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
How about now?
A sada?
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Those simple capabilities mean that people can go almost anywhere on earth, on any kind of terrain. We want to capture that for robots.
Ove jednostavne sposobnosti omogućavaju ljudima da idu bilo gdje, bez obzira na vrstu terena. Želimo to omogućiti i robotima.
What about manipulation? I'm holding this clicker in my hand; I'm not even looking at it, and I can manipulate it without any problem. But even more important, I can move my body while I hold the manipulator, the clicker, and stabilize and coordinate my body, and I can even walk around. And that means I can move around in the world and expand the range of my arms and my hands and really be able to handle almost anything. So that's mobile manipulation. And all of you can do this.
A upravljanje pokretljivošću? Držim ovaj daljinski u ruci; čak ga ni ne gledam, a mogu bez problema upravljati njime. Ali što je još važnije, mogu pokretati tijelo dok držim daljinski, stabilizirati i koordinirati svoje tijelo, čak i hodati okolo. To znači da se mogu kretati bilo gdje, širiti raspon svojih ruku i stvarno moći upravljati bilo čime. To je upravljanje pokretljivošću. I svi vi to možete.
Third is perception. I'm looking at a room with over 1,000 people in it, and my amazing visual system can see every one of you -- you're all stable in space, even when I move my head, even when I move around. That kind of mobile perception is really important for robots that are going to move and act out in the world.
Treće je percepcija. Gledam sobu u kojoj se nalazi više od 1000 ljudi i moj nevjerojatan vizualni sustav omogućuje mi da vas sve vidim... svi stojite na mjestu, čak i kad pomaknem glavu, čak i kad se krećem. Takva percepcija pokretljivosti veoma je važna za robote koji će se kretati i djelovati vani u svijetu.
I'm going to give you a little status report on where we are in developing robots toward these ends. The first three robots are all dynamically stabilized robots. This one goes back a little over 10 years ago -- "BigDog." It's got a gyroscope that helps stabilize it. It's got sensors and a control computer.
Ukratko ću vam reći kako napredujemo s razvojem robota i ovih vještina. Prva tri robota imaju mogućnost održavanja ravnoteže. Ovo je bilo prije desetak godina... "BigDog" (VelikiPas) Ima žiroskop pomoću kojeg održava ravnotežu. Ima senzore i računalni nadzor.
Here's a Cheetah robot that's running with a galloping gait, where it recycles its energy, it bounces on the ground, and it's computing all the time in order to keep itself stabilized and propelled.
Ovo je robot Gepard koji galopira, reciklira svoju energiju, odskače od zemlje i cijelo vrijeme proračunava kako bi održao ravnotežu i pokretljivost.
And here's a bigger robot that's got such good locomotion using its legs, that it can go in deep snow. This is about 10 inches deep, and it doesn't really have any trouble.
Ovo je veći robot čije su noge toliko pokretljive da može ići u dubok snijeg. Ovo je nekih 25 cm dubine i ne predstavlja mu problem.
This is Spot, a new generation of robot -- just slightly older than the one that came out onstage. And we've been asking the question -- you've all heard about drone delivery: Can we deliver packages to your houses with drones? Well, what about plain old legged-robot delivery?
Ovo je Spot, nova generacija robota, malo starija od onoga kojeg ste vidjeli na pozornici. Postavili smo i jedno pitanje - svi ste čuli za dostavu dronovima: Možemo li dronovima dostavljati pakete na kućnu adresu? Ali što je sa dobrom starom nožnom robotskom dostavom?
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
So we've been taking our robot to our employees' homes to see whether we could get in --
Dakle, vodili smo robote u domove naših zaposlenika da vidimo možemo li ući...
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
the various access ways. And believe me, in the Boston area, there's every manner of stairway twists and turns. So it's a real challenge. But we're doing very well, about 70 percent of the way.
na različite načine. I vjerujte mi, na području Bostona postoji mnogo stuba i raznih prepreka, tako da je to pravi izazov. No 70% vremena nam dobro ide.
And here's mobile manipulation, where we've put an arm on the robot, and it's finding its way through the door. Now, one of the important things about making autonomous robots is to make them not do just exactly what you say, but make them deal with the uncertainty of what happens in the real world. So we have Steve there, one of the engineers, giving the robot a hard time.
Ovo je upravljanje pokretljivošću gdje smo na robota stavili ruku i on pokušava proći kroz vrata. Jedna od važnih stvari pri izradi samostalnih robota je ta da ih naučimo ne samo izvršavati zapovijedi, već i da se mogu prilagoditi nepredviđenim situacijama. Ovdje vidimo Stevea, jednog od inženjera kako muči robota.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And the fact that the programming still tolerates all that disturbance -- it does what it's supposed to.
A činjenica je da uz sve te smetnje, program i dalje radi što treba.
Here's another example, where Eric is tugging on the robot as it goes up the stairs. And believe me, getting it to do what it's supposed to do in those circumstances is a real challenge, but the result is something that's going to generalize and make robots much more autonomous than they would be otherwise.
Evo još jednog primjera gdje Eric vuče robota dok se penje uz stepenice. I vjerujte mi, natjerati ga da učini ono što treba u tim okolnostima jako je teško, ali rezultat će sve robote učiniti samostalnijima nego što bi inače bili.
This is Atlas, a humanoid robot. It's a third-generation humanoid that we've been building. I'll tell you a little bit about the hardware design later. And we've been saying: How close to human levels of performance and speed could we get in an ordinary task, like moving boxes around on a conveyor? We're getting up to about two-thirds of the speed that a human operates on average. And this robot is using both hands, it's using its body, it's stepping, so it's really an example of dynamic stability, mobile manipulation and mobile perception. Here --
Ovo je Atlas, humanoidni robot. To je humanoidni robot treće generacije na kojem radimo. Kasnije ću vam reći nešto o radu hardvera. Pitali smo se i sljedeće: Koliko se možemo približiti ljudskoj brzini obavljanja običnih zadataka poput pomicanja kutija na pokretnoj traci? Uspjeli smo postići dvije trećine brzine kojom ljudi inače rade. Ovaj robot koristi obje ruke, koristi svoje tijelo, hoda i pravi je primjer ravnoteže, upravljanja pokretljivošću i percepcije pokretljivosti. Ovdje...
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
We actually have two Atlases.
Zapravo imamo dva Atlasa.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Now, everything doesn't go exactly the way it's supposed to.
Ne ide uvijek sve po planu.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And here's our latest robot, called "Handle." Handle is interesting, because it's sort of half like an animal, and it's half something else with these leg-like things and wheels. It's got its arms on in kind of a funny way, but it really does some remarkable things. It can carry 100 pounds. It's probably going to lift more than that, but so far we've done 100. It's got some pretty good rough-terrain capability, even though it has wheels. And Handle loves to put on a show.
Ovo je naš najnoviji robot zvan "Handle". Handle je zanimljiv jer je pola životinja, a pola nešto drugo s nečime što sliči na noge i kotače. Ruke su mu smiješno smještene, ali može izvesti nevjerojatne stvari. Može podići 45 kg. Vjerojatno će moći podići i više od toga, ali sada smo na 45 kg. Može se dosta dobro kretati po neravnom terenu, iako ima kotače. A voli se i praviti važan.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
I'm going to give you a little bit of robot religion. A lot of people think that a robot is a machine where there's a computer that's telling it what to do, and the computer is listening through its sensors. But that's really only half of the story. The real story is that the computer is on one side, making suggestions to the robot, and on the other side are the physics of the world. And that physics involves gravity, friction, bouncing into things. In order to have a successful robot, my religion is that you have to do a holistic design, where you're designing the software, the hardware and the behavior all at one time, and all these parts really intermesh and cooperate with each other. And when you get the perfect design, you get a real harmony between all those parts interacting with each other. So it's half software and half hardware, plus the behavior.
Podijelit ću s vama malo robotske religije. Mnogi misle da je robot uređaj kojem računalo govori što da radi, a računalo sluša pomoću senzora. No to je samo pola priče. Računalo je zapravo s jedne strane, daje prijedloge robotu, a s druge strane je fizika svijeta. Ta fizika uključuje gravitaciju, trenje i odbijanje od predmeta. Kako bismo imali uspješnog robota, smatram da morate imati holistički pristup, gdje razvijate softver, hardver i ponašanje, sve odjednom, a svi ti dijelovi se miješaju i surađuju jedan s drugim. Kada postignete savršeni dizajn postigli ste pravi sklad među svim tim dijelovima koji zajedno surađuju. Znači, čini ga pola softvera, pola hardvera i ponašanje.
We've done some work lately on the hardware, where we tried to go -- the picture on the left is a conventional design, where you have parts that are all bolted together, conductors, tubes, connectors. And on the right is a more integrated thing; it's supposed to look like an anatomy drawing. Using the miracle of 3-D printing, we're starting to build parts of robots that look a lot more like the anatomy of an animal. So that's an upper-leg part that has hydraulic pathways -- actuators, filters -- all embedded, all printed as one piece, and the whole structure is developed with a knowledge of what the loads and behavior are going to be, which is available from data recorded from robots and simulations and things like that.
Nedavno smo na hardveru pokušali... slika lijevo je uobičajeni dizajn, u kojem su svi dijelovi spojeni, vodiči, cijevi, priključci. Na desnoj su više uklopljeno; trebalo bi izgledati kao anatomski crtež. Koristeći se čudesnom moći 3-D printanja, izrađujemo dijelove robota koji sve više izgledaju kao dio životinjske anatomije. Dakle, to je gornji dio noge koji ima hidraulične poveznice -- pokretače, filtere -- koji su svi ugrađeni, svi isprintani kao jedan dio, a cijela struktura napravljena je s obzirom na očekivane terete i ponašanje, koje se može predvidjeti pomoću podataka iz robota, simulacija i sličnih stvari.
So it's a data-driven hardware design. And using processes like that, not only the upper leg but some other things, we've gotten our robots to go from big, behemoth, bulky, slow, bad robots -- that one on the right, weighing almost 400 pounds -- down to the one in the middle which was just in the video, weighs about 190 pounds, just a little bit more than me, and we have a new one, which is working but I'm not going to show it to you yet, on the left, which weighs just 165 pounds, with all the same strength and capabilities. So these things are really getting better very quickly.
Dakle, to je hardver koji se temelji na podacima. Koristeći se tim metodama, ne samo kod noge, već i kod drugih stvari, naši roboti više nisu veliki, ogromni, nespretni, spori, zli roboti - ovaj desni bio je težak skoro 180 kg - već su poput ovoga u sredini kojeg smo vidjeli na snimci, a teži oko 86 kg, malo više od mene, a imamo i jednog novog, koji radi, ali vam ga još neću pokazati, nalazi se lijevo, teži samo 75 kg, a jednako je snažan i sposoban. Znači, sve ovo se velikom brzinom poboljšava.
So it's time for Spot to come back out, and we're going to demonstrate a little bit of mobility, dexterity and perception. This is Seth Davis, who's my robot wrangler today, and he's giving Spot some general direction by steering it around, but all the coordination of the legs and the sensors is done by the robot's computers on board. The robot can walk with a number of different gaits; it's got a gyro, or a solid-state gyro, an IMU on board. Obviously, it's got a battery, and things like that. One of the cool things about a legged robot is, it's omnidirectional. In addition to going forward, it can go sideways, it can turn in place. And this robot is a little bit of a show-off. It loves to use its dynamic gaits, like running --
Vrijeme je da se Spot vrati i pokazat ćemo vam malo te pokretljivosti, spretnosti i percepcije. Ovo je Seth Davis, danas će biti moj robotski kauboj, daje Spotu neke općenite upute tako što ga vodi okolo, ali koordinaciju nogu i senzora obavlja robotovo računalo. Robot može hodati na različite načine; ima klasični žiroskop ili poluvodički žiroskop, inercijsku mjernu jedinicu. Naravno, ima bateriju i slične stvari. Jedna od super stvari kod hodajućeg robota je ta što ide u svim smjerovima. Osim naprijed, može hodati sa strane i može se okretati na mjestu. A ovaj se robot voli praviti važan. Voli iskorištavati svoj dinamičan hod, za, na primjer, trčanje-
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And it's got one more.
Zna još jedan trik.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Now if it were really a show-off, it would be hopping on one foot, but, you know.
No da se stvarno želi praviti važan, skakao bi na jednoj nozi, ali, znate...
Now, Spot has a set of cameras here, stereo cameras, and we have a feed up in the center. It's kind of dark out in the audience, but it's going to use those cameras in order to look at the terrain right in front of it, while it goes over these obstacles back here. For this demo, Seth is steering, but the robot's doing all its own terrain planning. This is a terrain map, where the data from the cameras is being developed in real time, showing the red spots, which are where it doesn't want to step, and the green spots are the good places. And here it's treating them like stepping-stones. So it's trying to stay up on the blocks, and it adjusts its stride, and there's a ton of planning that has to go into an operation like that, and it does all that planning in real time, where it adjusts the steps a little bit longer or a little bit shorter.
Spot ima i nekoliko kamera ovdje, stereo kamera i imamo sliku ovdje gore. Malo je mračno u publici, no upotrijebit će kamere da pregleda teren ispred sebe, dok prelazi preko prepreka ovdje otraga. Trenutno Seth upravlja, ali robot sam radi izviđanje terena. Ovo je karta terena, gdje se podaci iz kamera odmah obrađuju, pokazujući crvene točke, koje označavaju gdje ne želi ići i zelene točke koje pokazuju dobra mjesta. Sada se prema njima ponaša kao prema stepenicama. Dakle, pokušava ostati na blokovima te prilagođava hod, a takav pothvat zahtijeva jako puno planiranja koje se odvija u stvarnom vremenu i gdje on prilagođava duljinu koraka, duži ili kraći.
Now we're going to change it into a different mode, where it's just going to treat the blocks like terrain and decide whether to step up or down as it goes. So this is using dynamic balance and mobile perception, because it has to coordinate what it sees along with how it's moving.
Sada ćemo ga prebaciti u drugačiji način u kojem će blokove vidjeti kao teren i odlučiti hoće li se popeti ili sići. Ovo je upotreba ravnoteže i percepcije pokretljivosti jer mora uskladiti ono što vidi i način na koji će se kretati.
The other thing Spot has is a robot arm. Some of you may see that as a head and a neck, but believe me, it's an arm. Seth is driving it around. He's actually driving the hand and the body is following. So the two are coordinated in the way I was talking about before -- in the way people can do that. In fact, one of the cool things Spot can do we call, "chicken-head mode," and it keeps its head in one place in space, and it moves its body all around. There's a variation of this that's called "twerking" --
Druga stvar koju Spot ima je robotska ruka. Nekima od vas možda izgleda kao glava i vrat, ali vjerujte mi, ruka je. Seth njome upravlja. Zapravo pokreće ruku, a tijelo je slijedi. Dakle, tijelo i ruka usklađeni su onako kako sam prije opisao -- isto kao i kod ljudi. Zapravo, jednu super stvar koju Spot može izvesti zovemo "pileća glava", gdje drži glavu na mjestu, a tijelo pokreće u svim smjerovima. Jedna varijacija ovoga se zove "twerking" -
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
but we're not going to use that today.
ali nećemo to probati.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
So, Spot: I'm feeling a little thirsty. Could you get me a soda? For this demo, Seth is not doing any driving. We have a LIDAR on the back of the robot, and it's using these props we've put on the stage to localize itself. It's gone over to that location. Now it's using a camera that's in its hand to find the cup, picks it up -- and again, Seth's not driving. We've planned out a path for it to go -- it looked like it was going off the path -- and now Seth's going to take over control again, because I'm a little bit chicken about having it do this by itself. Thank you, Spot.
Spot, malo sam žedan. Možeš mi donijeti sok? Sada Seth uopće ne upravlja. Na stražnjem dijelu robota je optički radar i on koristi rekvizite koje smo stavili na pozornicu kako bi se orijentirao. Došao je do drugog mjesta. Sada koristi kameru u ruci da pronađe čašu, uzme je -- ponavljam, Seth ne upravlja. Napravili smo mu put kojim treba ići - činilo se kao da će skrenuti s puta - i sada Seth ponovno preuzima kontrolu jer se malo bojim da on to sam napravi. Hvala ti, Spot.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
So, Spot: How do you feel about having just finished your TED performance?
Dakle, Spot: kako se osjećaš na kraju svoje TED predstave?
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Me, too!
I ja isto!
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Thank you all, and thanks to the team at Boston Dynamics, who did all the hard work behind this.
Hvala svima i hvala timu iz Boston Dynamicsa koji su napravili najteži dio posla ovdje.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Helen Walters: Marc, come back in the middle. Thank you so much. Come over here, I have questions.
Helen Walters: Marc, vrati se u sredinu. Hvala ti lijepa. Dođi ovdje, imam nekoliko pitanja.
So, you mentioned the UPS and the package delivery. What are the other applications that you see for your robots?
Spomenuo si besprekidno napajanje i dostavu paketa. Čemu bi još roboti mogli služiti?
Marc Raibert: You know, I think that robots that have the capabilities I've been talking about are going to be incredibly useful. About a year ago, I went to Fukushima to see what the situation was there, and there's just a huge need for machines that can go into some of the dirty places and help remediate that.
Marc Raibert: Znate, mislim da će roboti koji mogu raditi onoo čemu sam govorio biti veoma korisni. Prije godinu dana posjetio sam Fukushimu da vidim kakva je tamo situacija i tamo su stvarno potrebni strojevi koji mogu ići na prljava mjesta i pomoći da se to popravi.
I think it won't be too long until we have robots like this in our homes, and one of the big needs is to take care of the aging and invalids. I think that it won't be too long till we're using robots to help take care of our parents, or probably more likely, have our children help take care of us. And there's a bunch of other things. I think the sky's the limit. Many of the ideas we haven't thought of yet, and people like you will help us think of new applications.
Mislim da ćemo vrlo uskoro takve robote imati u svojim domovima koji će se moći brinuti o starijima i invalidima. Mislim da ćemo vrlo brzo koristiti robote kako bismo pomogli svojim roditeljima ili, što je vjerojatnije, kako bi naša djeca pomogla nama. Postoji tu još mnogo mogućnosti. Samo nebo je granica. Mnogo toga se još nismo ni dosjetili, a ljudi poput vas pomoći će nam u tome.
HW: So what about the dark side? What about the military? Are they interested?
HW: A što je s lošom stranom? Što je s vojskom? Jesu li oni zainteresirani?
MR: Sure, the military has been a big funder of robotics. I don't think the military is the dark side myself, but I think, as with all advanced technology, it can be used for all kinds of things.
MR: Naravno, vojska naveliko financira robotiku. Mislim da vojna upotreba nije loša strana, ali mislim da se, kao i ostala napredna tehnologija, može koristiti na različite načine.
HW: Awesome. Thank you so much.
HW: Odlično. Puno ti hvala.
MR: OK, you're welcome.
MR: Nema na čemu.
Thank you.
Hvala vama.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)