I decided when I was asked to do this that what I really wanted to talk about was my friend, Richard Feynman. I was one of the fortunate few that really did get to know him and enjoyed his presence. And I'm going to tell you about the Richard Feynman that I knew. I'm sure there are people here who could tell you about the Richard Feynman they knew, and it would probably be a different Richard Feynman.
Saat diminta melakukan ini saya memutuskan bahwa apa yang benar-benar ingin saya bicarakan adalah sahabat saya Richard Feynman. Saya adalah sedikit orang yang beruntung yang benar-benar dapat mengenalnya dan menikmati kehadirannya. Saya akan berbicara tentang Richard Feynman yang saya tahu. Saya yakin ada orang lain di sini yang dapat menceritakan Richard Feynman yang mereka tahu, dan mungkin itu adalah Richard Feynman yang berbeda.
Richard Feynman was a very complex man. He was a man of many, many parts. He was, of course, foremost, a very, very, very great scientist. He was an actor. You saw him act. I also had the good fortune to be in those lectures, up in the balcony. They were fantastic. He was a philosopher. He was a drum player. He was a teacher par excellence. Richard Feynman was also a showman, an enormous showman. He was brash, irreverent. He was full of macho, a kind of macho one-upmanship. He loved intellectual battle. He had a gargantuan ego. But the man had, somehow, a lot of room at the bottom. And what I mean by that is a lot of room, in my case -- I can't speak for anybody else, but in my case -- a lot of room for another big ego. Well, not as big as his, but fairly big. I always felt good with Dick Feynman.
Richard Feynman adalah orang yang sangat kompleks. Dia adalah pria dengan banyak sisi. Dia, tentu saja, terutama adalah seorang ilmuwan yang sangat hebat. Dia seorang aktor. Anda melihatnya berakting. Saya juga beruntung dapat berada dalam kuliahnya di atas balkon. Kuliah itu luar biasa. Dia seorang filsuf, seorang pemain drum, seorang guru yang luar biasa. Richard Feynman juga pemain sandiwara, pemain sandiwara besar. Dia kurang ajar, tidak sopan -- dia sangat jantan, jantan untuk mengambil keuntungan dari lawan. Dia menyukai perang intelektual. Dia memiliki ego yang sangat besar. Namun orang ini seperti memiliki banyak ruangan di bawahnya. Dan maksud saya adalah banyak ruangan, dalam kasus saya -- saya tidak tahu bagi orang lain -- dalam kasus saya, banyak ruangan untuk ego yang lain. Tidak sebesar egonya, namun cukup besar. Saya selalu senang bersama Dick Feynman.
It was always fun to be with him. He always made me feel smart. How can somebody like that make you feel smart? Somehow he did. He made me feel smart. He made me feel he was smart. He made me feel we were both smart, and the two of us could solve any problem whatever. And in fact, we did sometimes do physics together. We never published a paper together, but we did have a lot of fun.
Selalu menyenangkan bersamanya. Dia selalu membuat saya merasa cerdas. Bagaimana orang seperti itu membuat Anda merasa cerdas? Entah bagaimana dia melakukannya. Dia membuat saya merasa cerdas. Membuat saya merasa dia cerdas. Dia membuat saya merasa kami semua cerdas, dan kami berdua dapat menyelesaikan masalah apapun. Sebenarnya, kadang-kadang kami mengerjakan masalah fisika bersama. Kami tidak pernah membuat jurnal bersama, namun kami banyak bersenang-senang.
He loved to win, win these little macho games we would sometimes play. And he didn't only play them with me, but with all sorts of people. He would almost always win. But when he didn't win, when he lost, he would laugh and seem to have just as much fun as if he had won.
Dia suka menjadi pemenang. Dengan permainan jantan yang terkadang kami mainkan -- dia tidak hanya bermain bersama saya, namun dengan berbagai macam orang -- dia hampir selalu menang. Namun saat dia tidak menang, saat kalah, dia akan tertawa dan tampak senang seperti jika dia menang.
I remember once he told me a story about a joke the students played on him. I think it was for his birthday -- they took him for lunch to a sandwich place in Pasadena. It may still exist; I don't know. Celebrity sandwiches was their thing. You could get a Marilyn Monroe sandwich. You could get a Humphrey Bogart sandwich. The students went there in advance, and arranged that they'd all order Feynman sandwiches. One after another, they came in and ordered Feynman sandwiches. Feynman loved this story. He told me this story, and he was really happy and laughing. When he finished the story, I said to him, "Dick, I wonder what would be the difference between a Feynman sandwich and a Susskind sandwich." And without skipping a beat at all, he said, "Well, they'd be about the same. The only difference is a Susskind sandwich would have a lot more ham." "Ham" as in bad actor.
Saya ingat suatu kali dia bercerita tentang gurauan para siswanya kepadanya. Mereka mengajaknya -- saya rasa saat hari ulang tahunnya -- mereka mengajaknya makan siang. Mereka mengajaknya makan siang ke restoran sandwich di Pasadena. Restoran itu mungkin masih ada sekarang. Menu khasnya adalah sandwich selebriti. Anda bisa membeli sandwich Marilyn Monroe. Anda bisa membeli sandwich Humphrey Bogart. Para siswanya pergi lebih awal ke sana dan mereka mengatur untuk memesan sandwich Feynman. Satu persatu, mereka datang dan memesan sandwich Feynman. Feynman menyukai cerita ini. Dia menceritakannya kepada saya, dan dia sangat bahagia dan tertawa. Saat dia selesai bercerita, saya berkata "Dick, saya bingung apa beda antara sandwich Feynman dan sandwich Susskind." Dan tanpa berpikir lama, dia berkata, "Keduanya sama. Perbedaannya adalah sandwich Susskind memiliki lebih banyak "ham"," ham dalam artian aktor jelek.
(Laughter)
(Tawa)
Well, I happened to have been very quick that day, and I said, "Yeah, but a lot less baloney."
Otak saya seperti bekerja sangat cepat saat itu, dan saya berkata, "Ya, tapi jauh lebih sedikit sosis (omong kosong)."
(Laughter)
(Tawa)
(Applause)
Pada kenyataannya
The truth of the matter is that a Feynman sandwich had a load of ham, but absolutely no baloney. What Feynman hated worse than anything else was intellectual pretense -- phoniness, false sophistication, jargon. I remember sometime during the mid-'80s, Dick and I and Sidney Coleman would meet a couple of times up in San Francisco -- at some very rich guy's house -- up in San Francisco for dinner. And the last time the rich guy invited us, he also invited a couple of philosophers. These guys were philosophers of mind. Their specialty was the philosophy of consciousness. And they were full of all kinds of jargon. I'm trying to remember the words -- "monism," "dualism," categories all over the place. I didn't know what those meant, neither did Dick or Sydney, for that matter.
sandwich Feynman memiliki banyak ham namun tidak ada sosis sama sekali. Hal yang paling dibenci oleh Feynman adalah tipuan intelektual -- ketidakjujuran, kecanggihan yang palsu, jargon. Saya ingat suatu kali di tahun 80-an, pertengahan 80-an. Saya, Dick, dan Sidney Coleman, kami bertemu beberapa kali di San Francisco di beberapa rumah orang kaya -- di San Francisco untuk makan malam. Dan saat terakhir kali orang kaya itu mengundang kami, dia juga mengundang beberapa filsuf. Orang-orang ini adalah filsuf pikiran. Keahlian mereka adalah filsafat kesadaran. Dan mereka dipenuhi berbagai macam jargon. Saya mencoba untuk mengingat kata-katanya -- "monisme," "dualisme," berbagai macam kategori. Saya tidak tahu apa arti dari hal itu, begitu juga dengan Dick -- begitu juga Sydney.
And what did we talk about? Well, what do you talk about when you talk about minds? There's one obvious thing to talk about: Can a machine become a mind? Can you build a machine that thinks like a human being that is conscious? We sat around and talked about this -- we of course never resolved it. But the trouble with the philosophers is that they were philosophizing when they should have been science-ophizing. It's a scientific question, after all. And this was a very, very dangerous thing to do around Dick Feynman.
Dan apa yang kami bicarakan? Apa yang Anda bicarakan saat berbicara tentang pikiran? Satu hal, satu hal yang sudah jelas akan dikatakan -- dapatkan mesin menjadi sebuah pikiran? Dapatkah anda membuat mesin yang berpikir seperti manusia, yang memiliki kesadaran? Kami duduk dan berbicara tentang hal ini -- tentu saja tidak pernah menyelesaikannya. Namun masalah dengan para filsuf ini adalah mereka berfilsafat saat mereka seharusnya bermain dengan ilmu pengetahuan. Ini sebenarnya pertanyaan ilmu pengetahuan. Dan ini adalah hal yang sangat berbahaya untuk dilakukan di dekat Dick Feynman.
(Laughter)
Feynman let them have it -- both barrels, right between the eyes. It was brutal; it was funny -- ooh, it was funny. But it was really brutal. He really popped their balloon. But the amazing thing was -- Feynman had to leave a little early; he wasn't feeling too well, so he left a little bit early. And Sidney and I were left there with the two philosophers. And the amazing thing is these guys were flying. They were so happy. They had met the great man; they had been instructed by the great man; they had an enormous amount of fun having their faces shoved in the mud ... And it was something special. I realized there was something just extraordinary about Feynman, even when he did what he did.
Feynman menodongnya -- dengan laras senjata, tepat di tengah mata mereka. Brutal dan lucu -- ooh, benar-benar lucu. Namun sangat brutal. Dia memecahkan balon mereka. Namun hal yang luar biasa adalah -- Feynman harus pergi lebih awal. Dia merasa kurang sehat, jadi dia pergi sedikit lebih awal. Sidney dan saya tetap bersama kedua filsuf ini. Dan hal yang luar biasa adalah orang-orang ini seakan terbang. Mereka sangat gembira. Mereka telah bertemu pria hebat, mereka telah diajari oleh pria hebat, mereka sangat senang karena wajah mereka dimasukkan ke dalam lumpur dan itu adalah hal yang spesial. Saya menyadari ada hal yang luar biasa tentang Feynman, bahkan saat dia melakukan apa yang dilakukannya.
Dick -- he was my friend; I did call him Dick -- Dick and I had a little bit of a rapport. I think it may have been a special rapport that he and I had. We liked each other; we liked the same kind of things. I also like the intellectual macho games. Sometimes I would win, mostly he would win, but we both enjoyed them. And Dick became convinced at some point that he and I had some kind of similarity of personality. I don't think he was right. I think the only point of similarity between us is we both like to talk about ourselves. But he was convinced of this. And the man was incredibly curious. And he wanted to understand what it was and why it was that there was this funny connection.
Dick, saya memanggilnya Dick. Dick dan saya memiliki semacam hubungan. Saya pikir hubungan yang kami miliki cukup spesial. Kami saling menyukai, kami menyukai hal yang sama. Saya juga menyukai permainan jantan intelektual. Terkadang saya menang, kebanyakan dia menang, namun kami menikmatinya. Dan pada suatu titik Dick menjadi yakin bahwa kami memiliki semacam kepribadian yang serupa. Saya rasa dia tidak benar. Saya rasa satu-satunya kesamaan di antara kami adalah kami suka berbicara tentang diri sendiri. Namun dia yakin akan hal ini. Dan dia penasaran. Orang ini memiliki rasa penasaran yang besar. Dia ingin memahami apa dan mengapa ada hubungan yang lucu ini.
And one day, we were walking. We were in France, in Les Houches. We were up in the mountains, 1976. And Feynman said to me, "Leonardo ..." The reason he called me "Leonardo" is because we were in Europe, and he was practicing his French.
Suatu hari kami sedang berjalan. Kami ada di Perancis. Kami ada di La Zouche. Kami berada di atas gunung, 1976. Kami berada di atas gunung, dan Feynman berkata kepada saya, katanya, "Leonardo." Alasan mengapa dia memanggil saya Leonardo adalah karena kami ada di Eropa
(Laughter)
dan dia melatih Bahasa Perancisnya.
And he said, "Leonardo, were you closer to your mother or your father when you were a kid?" I said, "Well, my real hero was my father. He was a working man, had a fifth-grade education. He was a master mechanic, and he taught me how to use tools. He taught me all sorts of things about mechanical things. He even taught me the Pythagorean theorem. He didn't call it the hypotenuse, he called it the shortcut distance."
Katanya, "Leonardo, kamu lebih dekat dengan ibu atau ayahmu sewaktu kecil?" Dan saya berkata, "Pahlawan saya adalah ayah saya. Dia seorang pekerja, berpendidikan kelas lima SD. Dia adalah montir yang hebat, dan dia mengajarkan saya cara memakai perkakas. Dia mengajarkan berbagai hal tentang mesin. Dia bahkan mengajarkan teorema Pythagoras. Dia tidak menyebutnya sisi miring, dia menyebutnya jalan pintas."
And Feynman's eyes just opened up. He went off like a lightbulb. And he said that he had had basically exactly the same relationship with his father. In fact, he had been convinced at one time that to be a good physicist, it was very important to have had that kind of relationship with your father. I apologize for the sexist conversation here, but this is the way it really happened.
Dan mata Feynman terbuka lebar dia menjadi seperti bola lampu. Dan dia berkata bahwa dia memiliki hubungan yang sama persis dengan ayahnya. Sebenarnya, pada suatu ketika dia yakin bahwa, untuk menjadi fisikawan hebat, sangat penting untuk memiliki hubungan seperti itu dengan ayah Anda. Maaf atas cerita berbau jenis kelamin di sini, namun itulah yang benar-benar terjadi.
He said he had been absolutely convinced that this was necessary, a necessary part of the growing up of a young physicist. Being Dick, he, of course, wanted to check this. He wanted to go out and do an experiment.
Dia berkata dia sudah benar-benar yakin bahwa hal ini diperlukan -- bagian yang diperlukan untuk tumbuh sebagai fisikawan muda. Dick, dia, tentu saja, ingin memeriksanya. Dia ingin pergi dan mengadakan penelitian.
(Laughter)
Jadi, dia melakukannya.
Well, he did. He went out and did an experiment. He asked all his friends that he thought were good physicists, "Was it your mom or your pop that influenced you?" They were all men, and to a man, every single one of them said, "My mother."
Dia pergi dan mengadakan penelitian. Dia menanyai semua temannya yang dianggapnya fisikawan hebat. "Siapa yang paling berpengaruh bagimu, ayah atau ibu? Dan bagi pria -- semuanya pria -- bagi pria, semuanya berkata, "Ibu saya" (Tawa)
(Laughter)
Begituah teori itu terbuang ke tempat sampah dari sejarah.
There went that theory, down the trash can of history.
(Laughter)
Namun dia sangat senang karena dia menemukan seseorang
But he was very excited that he had finally met somebody who had the same experience with his father as he had with his father. And for some time, he was convinced this was the reason we got along so well. I don't know. Maybe. Who knows?
yang memiliki pengalaman yang sama seperti yang dia miliki bersama ayahnya. Dan untuk beberapa saat, dia yakin bahwa inilah alasan mengapa kami cocok. Saya tidak tahu. Mungkin. Siapa tahu?
But let me tell you a little bit about Feynman the physicist. Feynman's style -- no, "style" is not the right word. "Style" makes you think of the bow tie he might have worn, or the suit he was wearing. It's something much deeper than that, but I can't think of another word for it. Feynman's scientific style was always to look for the simplest, most elementary solution to a problem that was possible. If it wasn't possible, you had to use something fancier. No doubt, part of this was his great joy and pleasure in showing people that he could think more simply than they could. But he also deeply believed, he truly believed, that if you couldn't explain something simply, you didn't understand it. In the 1950s, people were trying to figure out how superfluid helium worked.
Namun ijinkan saya memberi tahu Anda tentang Feynman sang fisikawan. Gaya Feynman -- bukan, gaya bukan kata yang tepat. Gaya membuat Anda berpikir tentang dasi yang mungkin dia pakai atau setelan yang dipakainya. Ada sesuatu yang lebih dalam dari itu, namun saya tidak dapat menemukan kata yang lain. Gaya keilmuan Feynman selalu mencari jawaban yang paling sederhana dan paling dasar yang mungkin untuk suatu masalah. Jika tidak mungkin, Anda harus menggunakan sesuatu yang lebih indah. Namun tidak diragukan lagi, bagian dari hal ini adalah kegembiraan dan kesenangan dalam menjelaskan apa yang dia pikir lebih sederhana dari yang mereka pikirkan. Namun dia juga benar-benar sangat percaya bahwa jika Anda tidak dapat menjelaskan dengan sederhana berarti Anda tidak mengerti. Di tahun 1950-an, orang-orang mencoba mencari tahu bagaimana cara kerja cairan super helium
There was a theory. It was due to a Russian mathematical physicist. It was a complicated theory; I'll tell you what it was soon enough. It was a terribly complicated theory, full of very difficult integrals and formulas and mathematics and so forth. And it sort of worked, but it didn't work very well. The only way it worked is when the helium atoms were very, very far apart. And unfortunately, the helium atoms in liquid helium are right on top of each other.
Ada sebuah teori. Ini berkat seorang fisika-matematikawan Rusia, dan itu adalah teori yang rumit. Saya akan membahas teori itu sebentar lagi. Itu benar-benar teori yang sangat rumit penuh dengan rumus dan integrasi rumit dan matematika dan seterusnya. Dan teori ini bekerja, namun tidak begitu bagus. Teori ini bekerja hanya saat atom-atom helium terpisah sangat jauh. Atom-atom helium harus terpisah sangat jauh. Sayangnya, atom-atom helium dalam cairan helium bertumpukan satu sama lain.
Feynman decided, as a sort of amateur helium physicist, that he would try to figure it out. He had an idea, a very clear idea. He would try to figure out what the quantum wave function of this huge number of atoms looked like. He would try to visualize it, guided by a small number of simple principles. The small number of simple principles were very, very simple. The first one was that when helium atoms touch each other, they repel. The implication of that is that the wave function has to go to zero, it has to vanish when the helium atoms touch each other. The other fact is that in the ground state -- the lowest energy state of a quantum system -- the wave function is always very smooth; it has the minimum number of wiggles.
Feynman memutuskan, sebagai seorang fisikawan helium amatir bahwa dia akan mencoba menyelesaikannya. Dia memiliki ide, ide yang sangat jelas. Dia ingin mencoba menemukan bagaimana bentuk fungsi gelombang kuantum dari atom-atom dalam jumlah besar ini. Dia ingin mencoba menggambarkannya dengan dibantu beberapa prinsip sederhana. Beberapa prinsip sederhana yang benar-benar sederhana. Yang pertama adalah saat bersentuhan, atom-atom helium itu saling tolak menolak. Akibatnya adalah fungsi gelombang harus menuju ke nol, gelombang itu harus hilang saat atom-atom helium saling bersentuhan. Fakta lain adalah pada tingkat dasar, tingkat energi terendah dari sistem kuantum, fungsi gelombang selalu sangat halus -- memiliki jumlah riak paling sedikit.
So he sat down -- and I imagine he had nothing more than a simple piece of paper and a pencil -- and he tried to write down, and did write down, the simplest function that he could think of, which had the boundary conditions that the wave function vanish when things touch and is smooth in between. He wrote down a simple thing -- so simple, in fact, that I suspect a really smart high-school student who didn't even have calculus could understand what he wrote down. The thing was, that simple thing that he wrote down explained everything that was known at the time about liquid helium, and then some.
Jadi dia duduk -- dan saya membayangkan dia tidak menggunakan apapun selain secarik kertas dan pensil -- dan dia mencoba menuliskan, dan menuliskannya, persamaan paling sederhana yang dapat dia pikirkan yang memiliki kondisi batas bahwa fungsi gelombang menghilang saat benda berentuhan dan halus di antaranya. Dia menulis hal-hal sederhana. Sebenarnya, hal itu sangat sederhana sampai saya berpikir siswa SMA yang cerdas yang bahkan tidak tahu kalkulus, dapat mengerti apa yang dia tulis. Masalahnya adalah hal sederhana yang dia tulis menjelaskan semua yang diketahui tentang cairan helium pada saat itu dan beberapa sesudahnya.
I've always wondered whether the professionals -- the real professional helium physicists -- were just a little bit embarrassed by this. They had their super-powerful technique, and they couldn't do as well. Incidentally, I'll tell you what that super-powerful technique was. It was the technique of Feynman diagrams.
Saya selalu ingin tahu apakah para fisikawan helium profesional, yang sebenarnya merasa sedikit dipermalukan oleh hal ini. Mereka memiliki teknik yang sangat luar biasa dan mereka tidak dapat melakukannya. Sebagai selingan, saya akan memberi tahu apa teknik yang sangat luar biasa itu. Itu adalah teknik diagram Feynman.
(Laughter)
(Tawa)
He did it again in 1968. In 1968, in my own university -- I wasn't there at the time -- they were exploring the structure of the proton. The proton is obviously made of a whole bunch of little particles; this was more or less known. And the way to analyze it was, of course, Feynman diagrams. That's what Feynman diagrams were constructed for -- to understand particles. The experiments that were going on were very simple: you simply take the proton, and you hit it really sharply with an electron. This was the thing the Feynman diagrams were for.
Dia melakukannya lagi di tahun 1968. Di tahun 1968, di universitas saya -- saya tidak ada di sana saat itu -- tahun 1968 mereka meneliti struktur proton. Proton sudah jelas tersusun dari sekelompok partikel-partikel kecil. Hal ini sedikit banyak diketahui. Dan cara menganalisisnya, tentu saja, diagram Feynman. Untuk itulah diagram Feynman dibuat -- untuk memahami partikel. Percobaan yang dilakukan sangat sederhana. Anda mengambil proton ini dan Anda menabraknya dengan elektron. Ini adalah manfaat dari diagram Feynman.
The only problem was that Feynman diagrams are complicated. They're difficult integrals. If you could do all of them, you would have a very precise theory, but you couldn't -- they were just too complicated. People were trying to do them. You could do a one-loop diagram. Don't worry about one loop. One loop, two loops -- maybe you could do a three-loop diagram, but beyond that, you couldn't do anything.
Masalahnya adalah diagram Feynman sangat rumit. Integrasi yang sulit. Jika Anda dapat menyelesaikannya, Anda akan memiliki teori yang akurat. Namun Anda tidak bisa, diagram itu terlalu sulit. Orang-orang mencoba melakukannya. Anda dapat menyelesaikan satu lup diagram. Tidak usah dipikirkan. Satu lup, dua lup -- mungkin Anda dapat menyelesaikan diagram tiga lup, namun selebihnya Anda tidak dapat berbuat apa-apa.
Feynman said, "Forget all of that. Just think of the proton as an assemblage, a swarm, of little particles." He called them "partons." He said, "Just think of it as a swarm of partons moving real fast." Because they're moving real fast, relativity says the internal motions go very slow. The electron hits it suddenly -- it's like taking a very sudden snapshot of the proton. What do you see? You see a frozen bunch of partons. They don't move, and because they don't move during the course of the experiment, you don't have to worry about how they're moving. You don't have to worry about the forces between them. You just get to think of it as a population of frozen partons." This was the key to analyzing these experiments. Extremely effective. Somebody said the word "revolution" is a bad word. I suppose it is, so I won't say "revolution," but it certainly evolved very, very deeply our understanding of the proton, and of particles beyond that.
Feynman berkata, "Lupakan semua itu. Pikirkan saja tentang proton sebagai himpunan dari partikel-partikel kecil -- segerombolan partikel kecil." Dia menyebut partikel itu parton. Dia berkata, "Pikirkan proton sebagai segerombolan parton yang bergerak sangat cepat." Karna parton bergerak sangat cepat, dapat dikatakan gerakan internalnya sangat lambat. Tiba-tiba elektron menabraknya. Hal itu seperti memotret proton secara tiba-tiba. Apa yang Anda lihat? Anda melihat sekelompok parton yang membeku. Parton itu tidak bergerak, dan karena parton tidak bergerak selama percobaan itu Anda tidak perlu memikirkan bagaimana gerakannya. Anda tidak perlu memikirkan gaya di antara mereka. Anda hanya perlu memikirkannya sebagai sekumpulan parton diam. Ini adalah kunci untuk menganalisis percobaan ini. Benar-benar efektif -- seseorang berkata bahwa revolusi adalah kata yang buruk. Saya rasa benar, jadi saya tidak akan mengatakan revolusi -- namun hal itu berkembang, dengan sangat mendalam tentang pemahaman kita tentang proton dan partikel-partikel lainnya.
Well, I had some more that I was going to tell you about my connection with Feynman, what he was like, but I see I have exactly half a minute. So I think I'll just finish up by saying: I actually don't think Feynman would have liked this event. I think he would have said, "I don't need this." But ...
Ada kisah lain yang akan saya ceritakan kepada Anda tentang hubungan saya dengan Feynman, seperti apa dia, namun saya hanya memiliki setengah menit. Jadi saya rasa saya akan menutupnya dengan mengatakan sebenarnya saya rasa Feynman tidak akan menyukai hal ini. Saya rasa dia akan berkata "Saya tidak memerlukannya."
(Laughter)
Namun bagaimana kita harus menghormati Feynman?
How should we honor Feynman? How should we really honor Feynman? I think the answer is we should honor Feynman by getting as much baloney out of our own sandwiches as we can.
Bagaimana kita benar-benar menghormati Feynman? Saya pikir jawabannya adalah kita harus menghormati Feynman dengan mengambil sosis (omong kosong) sebanyak-banyaknya dari sandwich kita sebanyak yang kita mampu. Terima kasih.
Thank you.
(Tepuk tangan)
(Applause)