Pozivam vas da na momenat svi razmotrite veoma jednostavnu činjenicu da, do sada skoro sve što znamo o univerzumu nam dolazi od svjetlosti. Možemo stajati na Zemlji i posmatrati zvjezdano nebo te vidjeti zvijezde golim očima. Sunce prži našu perifernu viziju, vidimo svjetlost koja se reflektira sa Mjeseca, i otkad je Galileo uperio najosnovniji teleskop prema nebeskim tijelima, poznati univerzum nam se prikazao putem svjetlosti, kroz ogromne epohe kosmičke historije. I sa svim našim modernim teleskopima, bili smo u prilici prikupiti ovaj zadivljujući nijemi film svemira- ove serije snimaka koje sežu skroz unatrag do Velikog praska.
I want to ask you all to consider for a second the very simple fact that, by far, most of what we know about the universe comes to us from light. We can stand on the Earth and look up at the night sky and see stars with our bare eyes. The Sun burns our peripheral vision. We see light reflected off the Moon. And in the time since Galileo pointed that rudimentary telescope at the celestial bodies, the known universe has come to us through light, across vast eras in cosmic history. And with all of our modern telescopes, we've been able to collect this stunning silent movie of the universe -- these series of snapshots that go all the way back to the Big Bang.
A ipak, univerzum nije nijemi film, jer univerzum nije tih. Voljela bih vas uvjeriti da univerzum ima svoju muziku, i da se ta muzika sama stvara u svemiru. Jer svemir može vibrirati kao bubanj. Može predočiti snimak nekih najdramatičnijih događaja kroz univerzum baš onako kako su se odigrali. Sada, voljeli bismo kada bismo mogli dodati slavnim vizuelnim kompozicijama univerzuma koje imamo i zvučnu komponentu. Premda, nikada nismo čuli zvukove iz svemira, stvarno bismo trebali, narednih nekoliko godina, da počnemo da pojačavamo zvuk onoga što se tamo događa.
And yet, the universe is not a silent movie because the universe isn't silent. I'd like to convince you that the universe has a soundtrack and that soundtrack is played on space itself, because space can wobble like a drum. It can ring out a kind of recording throughout the universe of some of the most dramatic events as they unfold. Now we'd like to be able to add to a kind of glorious visual composition that we have of the universe -- a sonic composition. And while we've never heard the sounds from space, we really should, in the next few years, start to turn up the volume on what's going on out there.
Tako, u nastojanju da uhvatimo muziku iz univerzuma, fokusirali smo se prema obećavajućim crnim rupama, jer one mogu bubnjati po prostoru-vremenu kao maljevi po dobošu i imati veoma karakterističnu pjesmu, koju bih vam voljela dočarati kroz jednu od naših predikcija kako bi ta pjesma mogla izgledati. Sada, crne rupe su tama na mračnom nebu. Ne možemo ih vidjeti direktno. Nisu nam dostupne putem svjetlosti, barem ne direktno. Možemo ih vidjeti indirektno, jer crne rupe izazivaju pustoš u svojoj okolini. One uništavaju zvijezde oko sebe. One sakupljaju otpad iz svog okruženja. Te nam se ne prikazuju direktno putem svjetlosti. Možda ćemo jednog dana vidjeti sjenku crne rupe na veoma svjetloj pozadini, ali još uvijek nismo uspjeli u tome. No, ipak, crne rupe se mogu čuti iako se ne vide, jer one bubnjaju o prostor-vrijeme kao bubanj.
So in this ambition to capture songs from the universe, we turn our focus to black holes and the promise they have, because black holes can bang on space-time like mallets on a drum and have a very characteristic song, which I'd like to play for you -- some of our predictions for what that song will be like. Now black holes are dark against a dark sky. We can't see them directly. They're not brought to us with light, at least not directly. We can see them indirectly, because black holes wreak havoc on their environment. They destroy stars around them. They churn up debris in their surroundings. But they won't come to us directly through light. We might one day see a shadow a black hole can cast on a very bright background, but we haven't yet. And yet black holes may be heard even if they're not seen, and that's because they bang on space-time like a drum.
Zamisao da svemir može zvučati kao bubanj dugujemo Albertu Einsteinu, kojem dugujemo toliko mnogo. Einstein je shvatio da ukoliko bi prostor bio prazan, ukoliko bi univerzum bio prazan, bio bi poput ove slike, samo možda bez ovih pomoćnih linija na njoj. Ali ukoliko bismo slobodno padali kroz svemir, čak i bez ovih pomoćnih linija, bili bismo u mogućnosti da ih naslikamo, jer bismo primjetili da smo putovali pravim linijama, direktnim pravim linijama kroz univerzum. Einstein je, također, uvidio i ovo je bit ovoga-- ako sastavite energiju i masu u univerzumu. to će zakrivit svemir. I slobodno padajući objekti bi prošli, recimo, pored Sunca i bili bi privučeni prirodnom zakrivljenošću prostora. Što je Einsteinova čuvena opšta teorija relativiteta. Čak se i svjetlo savija tim stazama. Te se može doći do takvog savijanja da se zarobite u orbiti Sunca, kao što je to slučaj sa Zemljom ili Mjesecom oko Zemlje. Radi se o prirodnim krivuljama u svemiru.
Now we owe the idea that space can ring like a drum to Albert Einstein -- to whom we owe so much. Einstein realized that if space were empty, if the universe were empty, it would be like this picture, except for maybe without the helpful grid drawn on it. But if we were freely falling through the space, even without this helpful grid, we might be able to paint it ourselves, because we would notice that we traveled along straight lines, undeflected straight paths through the universe. Einstein also realized -- and this is the real meat of the matter -- that if you put energy or mass in the universe, it would curve space, and a freely falling object would pass by, let's say, the Sun and it would be deflected along the natural curves in the space. It was Einstein's great general theory of relativity. Now even light will be bent by those paths. And you can be bent so much that you're caught in orbit around the Sun, as the Earth is, or the Moon around the Earth. These are the natural curves in space.
Ono što Einstein nije opazio je to da, ako uzmete naše Sunce i sabijete na šest kilometara u prečniku-- te se dobije milion puta veća masa od Zemljine i sabije na šest kilometara u dužini, dobili bi crnu rupu, objekat tako gust da ukoliko bi svjetlost bila dovoljno blizu, nikada ne bi uspjela pobjeći-- tamna sjenka protiv univerzuma. Nije Einstein to otkrio riječ je o Karlu Schwarzcildu njemački jevrej koji je se tokom Prvog svjetskog rata pridružio njemačkoj vojsci kao već priznati znanstvenik, radeći na ruskom frontu. Volim zamišljati Schwarzchilda tokom rata u rovovima kako vrši balističke proračune putanja projektila za topove, i u međuvremenu. preračunava Einsteinove jednačine-- jer se tako i radi u rovovima. Nedavno je čitao Einsteinovu, prije toga objavljenu opštu teoriju relativiteta, i bio je oduševljen tom teorijom. Ubrzo je pretpostavio tačno matematičko rješenje koje je objašnjavalo nešto veoma neobično: krivulje toliko jake da bi svemir upao u njih, svemir bi se survao u sebe kao vodopad slivajući se u središte rupe. I čak ni svjetlost nije u stanju izbjeći ovu struju. Svjetlost bi bila uvučena duboko u rupu kao i sve ostalo, i sve što bi ostalo je sjenka.
What Einstein did not realize was that, if you took our Sun and you crushed it down to six kilometers -- so you took a million times the mass of the Earth and you crushed it to six kilometers across, you would make a black hole, an object so dense that if light veered too close, it would never escape -- a dark shadow against the universe. It wasn't Einstein who realized this, it was Karl Schwarzschild who was a German Jew in World War I -- joined the German army already an accomplished scientist, working on the Russian front. I like to imagine Schwarzschild in the war in the trenches calculating ballistic trajectories for cannon fire, and then, in between, calculating Einstein's equations -- as you do in the trenches. And he was reading Einstein's recently published general theory of relativity, and he was thrilled by this theory. And he quickly surmised an exact mathematical solution that described something very extraordinary: curves so strong that space would rain down into them, space itself would curve like a waterfall flowing down the throat of a hole. And even light could not escape this current. Light would be dragged down the hole as everything else would be, and all that would be left would be a shadow.
Tada je pisao Einsteinu, i rekao, "Kao što možete vidjeti, rat mi je bio poprilično naklonjen, uprkos teškoj pucnjavi. Uspio sam pobjeći od svega toga i hodati poljem tvojih ideja." Einstein je bio impresioniran njegovim rješenjem, te se nadam i posvećenošću ovog znanstvenika. Radi se o predanom znanstveniku koji je radio u teškim uslovima. Zatim je iznio Schwarzchildove ideje Pruskoj Akademiji Nauka slijedeće sedmice. No, Einstein je uvijek smatrao da su crne rupe matematički izuzetak. Vjerovao je da ne postoje u prirodi. Mislio je da će nas priroda zaštititi od takvih struktura. Prošle su decenije prije nego će termin crna rupa biti skovan i prije nego će ljudi shvatiti kako su one stvarni astrofizički objekti-- u biti one su mrtvo stanje veoma masivnih zvijezda koje katastrofalno kolapsiraju na kraju svog životnog vijeka.
Now he wrote to Einstein, and he said, "As you will see, the war has been kind to me enough. Despite the heavy gunfire, I've been able to get away from it all and walk through the land of your ideas." And Einstein was very impressed with his exact solution, and I should hope also the dedication of the scientist. This is the hardworking scientist under harsh conditions. And he took Schwarzschild's idea to the Prussian Academy of Sciences the next week. But Einstein always thought black holes were a mathematical oddity. He did not believe they existed in nature. He thought nature would protect us from their formation. It was decades before the term "black hole" was coined and people realized that black holes are real astrophysical objects -- in fact they're the death state of very massive stars that collapse catastrophically at the end of their lifetime.
Sada, naše Sunce se neće pretvoriti u crnu rupu. Ustvari, nije dovoljno masivno. Ali ako bismo napravili jedan teorijski eksperiment-- što je Einstein volio raditi--- mogli bismo zamisliti kako se Sunce sažima na šest kilometara, i da se sitna Zemlja nalazi u njegovoj orbiti na recimo, oko 30 kilometara udaljenosti od crne rupe sunca. To bi bila samosvjetleća, jer bi Sunce nestalo, nemamo drugi izvor svjetlosti-- pa napravimo našu Zemlju samosvjetlećom. Shvatli biste da bi se Zemlja mogla nalaziti na sretnoj orbiti čak 30 kolometara izvan zgnječene crne rupe. Ova zgnječena crna rupa bi stala na Manhattan, više ili manje. Možda bi malo prešla preko Hudsona prije nego što bi uništila Zemlju. Ali, to je u suštini ono o čemu pričamo. Govorimo o objektu koji biste mogli smjestiti na pola centralne zone Manhattana.
Now our Sun will not collapse to a black hole. It's actually not massive enough. But if we did a little thought experiment -- as Einstein was very fond of doing -- we could imagine putting the Sun crushed down to six kilometers, and putting a tiny little Earth around it in orbit, maybe 30 kilometers outside of the black-hole sun. And it would be self-illuminated, because now the Sun's gone, we have no other source of light -- so let's make our little Earth self-illuminated. And you would realize you could put the Earth in a happy orbit even 30 km outside of this crushed black hole. This crushed black hole actually would fit inside Manhattan, more or less. It might spill off into the Hudson a little bit before it destroyed the Earth. But basically that's what we're talking about. We're talking about an object that you could crush down to half the square area of Manhattan.
Tako smo Zemlju približili veoma blizu-- na 30 km udaljenosti-- te smo primjetili da savršeno orbitira oko crne rupe. Postoji određeni mit da crne rupe proždiru sve u univerzumu, no, potrebno je prići veoma blizu da biste upali u njih. Sa naše tačke gledišta, ono što je veoma impresivno, je da možemo uvijek vidjeti Zemlju. Ne može se skrivati iza crne rupe. jedan dio svjetlosti sa Zemlje, upada u nju, a drugi dio biva vraćen do nas. Stoga, ništa se ne može sakriti iza crne rupe. Da je ovo Battlestar Galactica i da se borite protiv Sajlonaca, ne skrivaj te se iza crne rupe. Oni vas vide.
So we move this Earth very close -- 30 kilometers outside -- and we notice it's perfectly fine orbiting around the black hole. There's a sort of myth that black holes devour everything in the universe, but you actually have to get very close to fall in. But what's very impressive is that, from our vantage point, we can always see the Earth. It cannot hide behind the black hole. The light from the Earth, some of it falls in, but some of it gets lensed around and brought back to us. So you can't hide anything behind a black hole. If this were Battlestar Galactica and you're fighting the Cylons, don't hide behind the black hole. They can see you.
Sada, naše Sunce neće kolapsirati u crnu rupu; nije dovoljno masivno, ali postoje na desetine crnih rupa u našoj galaksiji. I ukoliko bi došlo do pomračenja u Mliječnom putu, ovako bi izgledalo. Vidjeli bismo sjenku crne rupe među hiljadama milijardi zvijezda U Mliječnom putu galaksije i njene svjetleće prašnjave staze. I kada bismo upali u tu crnu rupu, vidjeli bismo sve to svjetlo formirano oko nje, mogli bismo čak da prođemo kroz sjenku a da ne primjetimo da se ništa dramatično nije dogodilo. Bilo bi grozno kada bismo ispalili rakete i probali pobjeći odatle jer ne bismo uspjeli, isto kao što ni svjetlo ne može pobjeći.
Now, our Sun will not collapse to a black hole -- it's not massive enough -- but there are tens of thousands of black holes in our galaxy. And if one were to eclipse the Milky Way, this is what it would look like. We would see a shadow of that black hole against the hundred billion stars in the Milky Way Galaxy and its luminous dust lanes. And if we were to fall towards this black hole, we would see all of that light lensed around it, and we could even start to cross into that shadow and really not notice that anything dramatic had happened. It would be bad if we tried to fire our rockets and get out of there because we couldn't, anymore than light can escape.
Iako, spolja posmatrano, crna rupa izgleda mračno, iznutra je skroz drugačija, zato što svjetlost iz galaksije pada u središte nje. Uprkos relativističkom efektu, poznatom kao vremensko usporavanje, naši satovi bi usporili u odnosu na galatičko vrijeme, izgledalo bi kao da je evolucija galaksije ubrzala i pogodila nas, tačno prije nego nas je crna rupa uvukla u smrt. Izgledalo bi kao iskustvo bliske smrti kada vidite svjetlost na kraju tunela, ali u stvari, ovo bi bilo potpuno iskustvo smrti. (Smijeh) i ne bi bilo šanse da nekome ispričate o svjetlu na kraju tunela.
But even though the black hole is dark from the outside, it's not dark on the inside, because all of the light from the galaxy can fall in behind us. And even though, due to a relativistic effect known as time dilation, our clocks would seem to slow down relative to galactic time, it would look as though the evolution of the galaxy had been sped up and shot at us, right before we were crushed to death by the black hole. It would be like a near-death experience where you see the light at the end of the tunnel, but it's a total death experience. (Laughter) And there's no way of telling anybody about the light at the end of the tunnel.
E sada, nismo nikada vidjeli sjenku poput ove, ali crne rupe se mogu čuti, čak i ako se ne vide. Zamislite sada jednu astrofizičku realnu situaciju-- zamislite dvije crne rupe koje su proživjele dug zajednički život. Možda su počele kao zvijezde te kolapsirale u crne rupe-- svaka od njih, deset puta glomaznija od Sunca. Sada ćemo ih zdrobiti na 60 km prečnika. Mogu rotirati hiljadama puta u sekundi. Na kraju svog životnog vijeka, kreću se jedna oko druge brzinom sličnoj brzini svjetlosti. Tako prelaze hiljade kilometara u djeliću sekunde. Tim putem, ne samo da zakrivljuju svemir, one, također, ostavljaju za sobom zvonjavu u svemiru, pravi talas u prostor-vremenu. Svemir se širi i proteže dok zrači iz tih crnih rupa bubnjajući univerzumom. I one putuju kosmosom brzinom svjetlosti.
Now we've never seen a shadow like this of a black hole, but black holes can be heard, even if they're not seen. Imagine now taking an astrophysically realistic situation -- imagine two black holes that have lived a long life together. Maybe they started as stars and collapsed to two black holes -- each one 10 times the mass of the Sun. So now we're going to crush them down to 60 kilometers across. They can be spinning hundreds of times a second. At the end of their lives, they're going around each other very near the speed of light. So they're crossing thousands of kilometers in a fraction of a second, and as they do so, they not only curve space, but they leave behind in their wake a ringing of space, an actual wave on space-time. Space squeezes and stretches as it emanates out from these black holes banging on the universe. And they travel out into the cosmos at the speed of light.
Ova kompjuterska simulacija je nastala zahvaljujući grupi NASA Goddard. Bilo je potrebno gotovo 30 godina kako bi neko riješio ovaj problem. Ovo je bila jedna od grupa. Koja prikazuje dvije crne rupe u orbiti jednu oko druge, opet sa ovim nacrtanim pomoćnim krivuljama. I ako možete vidjeti--malo je zamućeno-- ali ako možete vidjeti crvene talase kako proizlaze, to su gravitacioni talasi. Oni su doslovno zvučni talasi prostora, i oni će putovati od ovih crnih rupa brzinom svjetlosti dok se lagano stišavaju i sjedinjuju u jednu rotirajuću, mirnu crnu rupu na kraju dana. Ukoliko biste stajali dovoljno blizu, vaše uho bi rezoniralo sa širenjem i skupljanjem svemira. Bukvalno biste čuli zvuk. Sada naravno, vaša glava bi se bespomoćno širila i skupljala, te vjerovatno ne biste razumjeli šta vam se događa. No voljela bih vam pustiti da odslušate zvuk koji smo predvidjeli.
This computer simulation is due to a relativity group at NASA Goddard. It took almost 30 years for anyone in the world to crack this problem. This was one of the groups. It shows two black holes in orbit around each other, again, with these helpfully painted curves. And if you can see -- it's kind of faint -- but if you can see the red waves emanating out, those are the gravitational waves. They're literally the sounds of space ringing, and they will travel out from these black holes at the speed of light as they ring down and coalesce to one spinning, quiet black hole at the end of the day. If you were standing near enough, your ear would resonate with the squeezing and stretching of space. You would literally hear the sound. Now of course, your head would be squeezed and stretched unhelpfully, so you might have trouble understanding what's going on. But I'd like to play for you the sound that we predict.
Ovo je od moje grupe-- nešto manje glamurozno kompjutersko modeliranje. Zamislite svjetliju crnu rupu koja pada u veoma tešku crnu rupu. Zvuk koji ćete čuti je zvuk svjetlije crne rupe koja bubnja kroz svemir svaki put kada se približi. Da je udaljenija, zvuk bi bio nečujan. Ali ona nailazi poput malja, i doslovno razbija svemir, udarajući kao bubanj. Možemo predvidjeti kakav bi zvuk bio. Mi znamo i to da, kako propada ona se ubrzava i postaje glasnija. I na kraju, možemo čuti kako mala rupa upada u veliku. (Udari) Zatim nestaje. Nikada nisam slušala ovako glasno--ustvari mnogo je dramatičnije. Kod kuće zvuči gotovo razočaravajuće. Nešto kao ding, ding, ding.
This is from my group -- a slightly less glamorous computer modeling. Imagine a lighter black hole falling into a very heavy black hole. The sound you're hearing is the light black hole banging on space each time it gets close. If it gets far away, it's a little too quiet. But it comes in like a mallet, and it literally cracks space, wobbling it like a drum. And we can predict what the sound will be. We know that, as it falls in, it gets faster and it gets louder. And eventually, we're going to hear the little guy just fall into the bigger guy. (Thumping) Then it's gone. Now I've never heard it that loud -- it's actually more dramatic. At home it sounds kind of anticlimactic. It's sort of like ding, ding, ding.
Ovo je drugi zvuk od moje grupe. Ne, neću vam pokazati nikakve slike, jer crne rupe ne ostavljaju za sobom nikakve pomoćne tragove, te svemir nije naslikan, pokazujući vam zakrivljenja. No, ako biste isli na odmor u svemir te plovili istim i čuli ovaj zvuk, htjeli biste pobjeći. (Smijeh) Željeli biste pobjeći od zvuka. Obje crne rupe se kreću. Obje se približavaju jedna drugoj. U ovom slučaju, obje bubnjaju poprilično mnogo. I na putu su da se spoje. (Bubnjanje) Gotovo je. Sada, taj zvuk je veoma karakterističan za crne rupe koje se spajaju-- tako zvuči do samog kraja. E sada to je naše predviđanje za ono što ćemo vidjeti.
This is another sound from my group. No, I'm not showing you any images, because black holes don't leave behind helpful trails of ink, and space is not painted, showing you the curves. But if you were to float by in space on a space holiday and you heard this, you want to get moving. (Laughter) Want to get away from the sound. Both black holes are moving. Both black holes are getting closer together. In this case, they're both wobbling quite a lot. And then they're going to merge. (Thumping) Now it's gone. Now that chirp is very characteristic of black holes merging -- that it chirps up at the end. Now that's our prediction for what we'll see.
Srećom, mi smo na sigurnom ovdje u Kaliforniji. I zasigurno, negdje u univerzumu dvije crne rupe su se spojile. I sigurno, svemir oko nas odzvanja poslije putovanja, možda, milionima svjetlosnih godina ili milionima godina, brzinom svjetlosti, da bi stigla do nas. Ali zvuk je previše tih za nas da bismo ga čuli. Postoje veoma progresivni eksperimenti koji se rade na Zemlji-- jedan od njih prozvan LIGO-- treba da otkrije neka odstupanja u širenjima i istezanjima svemira manjim od djelića jezgre atoma preko četiri kilometra. Radi se i poprilično ambicioznom eksperimentu, koji će se odvijati u naprednoj osjetljivosti kroz nekoliko narednih godina--kako bi se to uhvatilo. Također, za svemir postoji i predložena misija, koja će, nadamo se, biti pokrenuta narednih deset godina, a zove se LISA. I LISA će biti u stanju da vidi super masivne crne rupe-- crne rupe milionima ili milijardama puta masivnijim od Sunca.
Luckily we're at this safe distance in Long Beach, California. And surely, somewhere in the universe two black holes have merged. And surely, the space around us is ringing after traveling maybe a million light years, or a million years, at the speed of light to get to us. But the sound is too quiet for any of us to ever hear. There are very industrious experiments being built on Earth -- one called LIGO -- which will detect deviations in the squeezing and stretching of space at less than the fraction of a nucleus of an atom over four kilometers. It's a remarkably ambitious experiment, and it's going to be at advanced sensitivity within the next few years -- to pick this up. There's also a mission proposed for space, which hopefully will launch in the next ten years, called LISA. And LISA will be able to see super-massive black holes -- black holes millions or billions of times the mass of the Sun.
Na ovoj Hubbleovoj slici, vidimo dvije galaksije. Izgledaju kao da su zamrznute u nekakvom zagrljaju. I svaka od njih vjerovatno skriva super masivnu crnu rupu u svome središtu. Ali one nisu zamrznute, one se u stvari spajaju. Ove dvije crne rupe se sudaraju, i one će se spojiti u periodu od milijardu godina. To je izvan ljudske percepcije da se uhvati melodija toga događaja. Ali LISA bi mogla vidjeti posljednje faze dvije super masivne crne rupe ranije tokom historije univerzuma, posljednjih 15 minuta prije nego su se spojile. I nisu u pitanju samo crne rupe, već bilo koja veća nepravilnost u univerzumu-- i najveća od njih je, naravno, Veliki prasak. Kada je taj termin skovan, bio je podrugljiv-- kao, "Oh, ko bi povjerovao u Veliki prasak?" No, sada je to više tehnički pravilno, jer bi moglo eksplodirati; kao i što bi moglo proizvesti zvukove.
In this Hubble image, we see two galaxies. They look like they're frozen in some embrace. And each one probably harbors a super-massive black hole at its core. But they're not frozen; they're actually merging. These two black holes are colliding, and they will merge over a billion-year time scale. It's beyond our human perception to pick up a song of that duration. But LISA could see the final stages of two super-massive black holes earlier in the universe's history, the last 15 minutes before they fall together. And it's not just black holes, but it's also any big disturbance in the universe -- and the biggest of them all is the Big Bang. When that expression was coined, it was derisive -- like, "Oh, who would believe in a Big Bang?" But now it actually might be more technically accurate because it might bang. It might make a sound.
Ovu animaciju su napravili moji prijatelji u Proton Studiju i pokazuje Veliki prasak gledano izvana. U biti, ne bismo to htjeli uraditi; mi želimo biti unutar univerzuma, jer mogućnost postojanja izvan univerzuma ne postoji. Dakle, zamislite da ste unutar Velikog praska. Nalazi se svuda oko vas, a svemir haotično vibrira. 14 milijardi godina je prošlo a ta melodija i dalje odjekuje oko nas. Oblici galaksije, i generacije zvijezda u tim galaksijama. Te oko jedne zvijezde, najmanje jedna zvijezda, je naseljiva planeta. I tu smo mi, grčevito pravimo ove eksperimente, radeći ove proračune, pišući ove kompjuterske kodove.
This animation from my friends at Proton Studios shows looking at the Big Bang from the outside. We don't ever want to do that actually. We want to be inside the universe because there's no such thing as standing outside the universe. So imagine you're inside the Big Bang. It's everywhere, it's all around you, and the space is wobbling chaotically. Fourteen billion years pass and this song is still ringing all around us. Galaxies form, and generations of stars form in those galaxies, and around one star, at least one star, is a habitable planet. And here we are frantically building these experiments, doing these calculations, writing these computer codes.
Zamislite prije milijardu godina, dvije crne rupe su se sudarile. Taj zvuk je odzvanjao širom svemira sve ovo vrijeme. Još uvijek nismo bili ovdje. Postaje sve bliža i bliža-- Prije 40.000 godina, još uvijek crtamo crteže u pećinama. Kao da smo u žurbi, da napravimo instrumente. Sve je bliže i bliže i u 20... koja god godina bila kada naši detektori najzad dostignu željenu osjetljivost-- sagradit ćemo ih, pokrenut ćemo mašine i bang uhvatit ćemo zvuk--prvu muziku iz svemira. Ako to bude zvuk Velikog praska, bit će nešto kao. (Statički) To je užasan zvuk. To je doslovno definicija buke To je bijeli šum, jedno haotično odzvanjanje. Ali je svuda oko nas, vjerovatno, ukoliko nije izbrisan od nekih drugih procesa u univerzumu. I ukoliko bismo ga pokupili, bila bi to muzika za naše uši, jer bi bio nečujan eho momenta našeg stvaranja, našeg vidljivog univerzuma.
Imagine a billion years ago, two black holes collided. That song has been ringing through space for all that time. We weren't even here. It gets closer and closer -- 40,000 years ago, we're still doing cave paintings. It's like hurry, build your instruments. It's getting closer and closer, and in 20 ... whatever year it will be when our detectors are finally at advanced sensitivity -- we'll build them, we'll turn on the machines and, bang, we'll catch it -- the first song from space. If it was the Big Bang we were going to pick up, it would sound like this. (Static) It's a terrible sound. It's literally the definition of noise. It's white noise; it's such a chaotic ringing. But it's around us everywhere, presumably, if it hasn't been wiped out by some other process in the universe. And if we pick it up, it will be music to our ears because it will be the quiet echo of that moment of our creation, of our observable universe.
Tako da slijedećih nekoliko godina, bit ćemo u prilici da malo pojačamo zvuk, pretvarajući univerzum u zvuk. Ali ako otkrijemo ranije trenutke, to će nas dovesti mnogo bliže razumijevanju Velikog praska, što nas približava postavljanju jednog od najtežih, najnedostižnijih pitanja. Ako pustimo film univerzuma unazad, znamo da se dogodio Veliki prasak u prošlosti, i možda bismo čuli njegov zvuk, ali da li je naš Veliki prasak jedini Veliki prasak? Mislim, moramo se zapitati, da li se dogodio ranije? Da li će se dogoditi opet? Mislim, u duhu uzdizanja TEDovih izazova kako bismo rasplamsali čuđenje, možemo postavljati pitanja, barem u ovom posljednjem minutu, koji nas može izbjeći zauvijek.
So within the next few years, we'll be able to turn up the soundtrack a little bit, render the universe in audio. But if we detect those earliest moments, it'll bring us that much closer to an understanding of the Big Bang, which brings us that much closer to asking some of the hardest, most elusive, questions. If we run the movie of our universe backwards, we know that there was a Big Bang in our past, and we might even hear the cacophonous sound of it, but was our Big Bang the only Big Bang? I mean we have to ask, has it happened before? Will it happen again? I mean, in the spirit of rising to TED's challenge to reignite wonder, we can ask questions, at least for this last minute, that honestly might evade us forever.
Ali moramo ga postaviti: Da li je moguće da je naš univerzum samo dio neke veće historije? Ili da li je moguće da smo mi samo ogranak nekog multiverzuma-- i svaka grana ima svoj Veliki prasak u prošlosti-- možda neke od njih sa crnim rupama što bubnjaju, možda neke bez njih-- možda neke sa živim svijetom, možda neke bez-- ne u našoj prošlosti, ne u našoj budućnosti, ali na neki fundamentalno vezane za nas? Tako da se moramo zapitati, ako postoji multiverzum, u nekim drugim dijelovima multiverzuma, postoje li stvorenja? Evo mojih multiverznih stvorenja. Da li postoje druga živa bića u multiverzumu, koja se pitaju u vezi nas te razmišljaju o svom porijeklu? I ako postoje, Mogu ih zamisliti, da su poput nas, računaju, pišu kompjuterske kodove, izmišljaju instrumente, u pokušaju da otkriju taj sudbonosni zvuk svog porijekla i pitaju se, da li smo sami.
But we have to ask: Is it possible that our universe is just a plume off of some greater history? Or, is it possible that we're just a branch off of a multiverse -- each branch with its own Big Bang in its past -- maybe some of them with black holes playing drums, maybe some without -- maybe some with sentient life, and maybe some without -- not in our past, not in our future, but somehow fundamentally connected to us? So we have to wonder, if there is a multiverse, in some other patch of that multiverse, are there creatures? Here's my multiverse creatures. Are there other creatures in the multiverse, wondering about us and wondering about their own origins? And if they are, I can imagine them as we are, calculating, writing computer code, building instruments, trying to detect that faintest sound of their origins and wondering who else is out there.
Hvala. Hvala.
Thank you. Thank you.
(Aplauz)
(Applause)