What has the War on Drugs done to the world? Look at the murder and mayhem in Mexico, Central America, so many other parts of the planet, the global black market estimated at 300 billion dollars a year, prisons packed in the United States and elsewhere, police and military drawn into an unwinnable war that violates basic rights, and ordinary citizens just hope they don't get caught in the crossfire, and meanwhile, more people using more drugs than ever. It's my country's history with alcohol prohibition and Al Capone, times 50.
"毒品战争"对世界有什么影响? 看看那些发生在墨西哥、中美洲 和世界其他地方的谋杀和混乱。 看看全球每年约3000亿美元的黑市交易 看看美国和其他地方那些人满为患的监狱 大量的警察和军队被牵扯进这场永远打不赢、 而且侵犯基本人权的战争 还有那些无辜的平民,乞求着不要被卷入剿毒行动的交火中 与此同时,吸毒的人却越来越多 这就像我的国家历史上的禁酒令 和艾尔·卡彭(禁酒令期间贩卖私酒的黑帮头目)的50倍规模重演 令我感到难堪的是,
Which is why it's particularly galling to me as an American that we've been the driving force behind this global drug war. Ask why so many countries criminalize drugs they'd never heard of, why the U.N. drug treaties emphasize criminalization over health, even why most of the money worldwide for dealing with drug abuse goes not to helping agencies but those that punish, and you'll find the good old U.S. of A.
我们美国人就是这个全球反毒战争的幕后推手 去问问为什么那么多国家 把他们听都没听过的药物列为非法 为什么联合国的药物条约 强调刑事定罪超过人们的健康? 甚至为什么全世界大部分解决药物滥用的资金 都不用在研究改善药物的机构 而是用于惩罚药物滥用 你会发现它们的答案就是——我们大美国
Why did we do this? Some people, especially in Latin America, think it's not really about drugs. It's just a subterfuge for advancing the realpolitik interests of the U.S. But by and large, that's not it. We don't want gangsters and guerrillas funded with illegal drug money terrorizing and taking over other nations. No, the fact is, America really is crazy when it comes to drugs. I mean, don't forget, we're the ones who thought that we could prohibit alcohol. So think about our global drug war not as any sort of rational policy, but as the international projection of a domestic psychosis. (Applause)
我们为什么这样做? 有些人,尤其是拉丁美洲的人, 认为这并不是真的关乎毒品 事实上这只是美国用来 推进政治利益的托词 但总的来说,又不完全是这样 我们确实不希望,有黑帮和游击队 有来自非法毒品的资金支持 去恐吓和接管其他国家。 但,事实是,美国就像疯了一样 一旦谈到毒品,或者药物 我的意思是,不要忘了,我们就是那些 以为自己可以禁酒的人。 所以,不要把全球禁毒战争 想成是一个理性的政策 而要把它想成是一个国家的精神病 延伸到了国际上。 (掌声)
But here's the good news. Now it's the Russians leading the Drug War and not us. Most politicians in my country want to roll back the Drug War now, put fewer people behind bars, not more, and I'm proud to say as an American that we now lead the world in reforming marijuana policies. It's now legal for medical purposes in almost half our 50 states, millions of people can purchase their marijuana, their medicine, in government- licensed dispensaries, and over half my fellow citizens now say it's time to legally regulate and tax marijuana more or less like alcohol. That's what Colorado and Washington are doing, and Uruguay, and others are sure to follow.
但这里还有个好消息 现在是俄罗斯在领导禁毒战争,而不是我们 我们国家的大多数政客 现在想从禁毒战争里退一步回来 让更少的人被卷入这场战争,而不是更多 我可以很自豪地说,作为一个美国人 我们现在正领导世界 改革大麻政策 现在只要是在合法的医疗目的下 美国50个州里几乎一半的民众 数以百万计的人都可以 从政府许可的药店里买到他们的大麻——他们的药物 还有超过一半的同胞们说,现在是时候 立法规范大麻和对其征税 就跟我们对酒水做的事一样 这正是科罗拉多州和华盛顿正在做的, 还有乌拉圭,可以肯定其他地方也会跟着这么做
So that's what I do: work to end the Drug War. I think it all started growing up in a fairly religious, moral family, eldest son of a rabbi, going off to university where I smoked some marijuana and I liked it. (Laughter) And I liked drinking too, but it was obvious that alcohol was really the more dangerous of the two, but my friends and I could get busted for smoking a joint.
所以,这就是我在做的事: 致力于结束禁毒战争。 我想,这一切是由于我成长在 一个比较笃信宗教和注重道德的家庭 作为一个犹太教教士的长子 当我去上大学时, 我抽了一些大麻 而且很喜欢。(笑声) 我也很喜欢喝酒,但是很显然 这两者中酒精确实更加危险, 可是我和我的朋友是有可能 因为吸食大麻而被抓的。
Now, that hypocrisy kept bugging me, so I wrote my Ph.D dissertation on international drug control. I talked my way into the State Department. I got a security clearance. I interviewed hundreds of DEA and other law enforcement agents all around Europe and the Americas, and I'd ask them, "What do you think the answer is?" Well, in Latin America, they'd say to me, "You can't really cut off the supply. The answer lies back in the U.S., in cutting off the demand." So then I go back home and I talk to people involved in anti-drug efforts there, and they'd say, "You know, Ethan, you can't really cut off the demand. The answer lies over there. You've got to cut off the supply." Then I'd go and talk to the guys in customs trying to stop drugs at the borders, and they'd say, "You're not going to stop it here. The answer lies over there, in cutting off supply and demand." And it hit me: Everybody involved in this thought the answer lay in that area about which they knew the least.
这个表里不一的概念不停地缠着我 所以我写的博士论文就是研究国际药物管制。 我想办法进入了政府部门 我得到了安全许可 我采访了数百名在欧洲和美洲等地工作的 药品管制局(EDA)和执法人员。 我会问他们: “你认为答案是什么?” 好吧,在拉丁美洲,他们会跟我说, “你真的没办法切断供应。 答案在于美国, 在于切断需求。” 于是我回到家乡,我问那些 参与禁毒工作的人,他们却说, “你知道吗,Ethan,你无法真正切断需求。 答案在那边。你必须得切断供应。” 然后,我去跟海关那边的家伙聊 能否在边境阻止毒品进入。 他们说,“你不可能在这里把它堵住的。 答案在那边, 你得切断供应和需求。” 在那一刻,我终于明白了 每一个参与其中的人 都认为答案在别的领域 而他们自己,对其知之甚少。
So that's when I started reading everything I could about psychoactive drugs: the history, the science, the politics, all of it, and the more one read, the more it hit you how a thoughtful, enlightened, intelligent approach took you over here, whereas the politics and laws of my country were taking you over here. And that disparity struck me as this incredible intellectual and moral puzzle.
于是我开始尽可能阅读一切 关于精神药物的资料:它的历史、科学、 政治…所有的一切。 而读的越多, 你就越会意识到,一个深思熟虑、 有启发性、聪明的方向把你引向这里, 而我们国家的政治和法律 却把你带到这里。 这悬殊的差异令我震惊 这真是个令人难以置信的智力和道德难题。
There's probably never been a drug-free society. Virtually every society has ingested psychoactive substances to deal with pain, increase our energy, socialize, even commune with God. Our desire to alter our consciousness may be as fundamental as our desires for food, companionship and sex. So our true challenge is to learn how to live with drugs so they cause the least possible harm and in some cases the greatest possible benefit.
这世上可能从来不存在 一个没有毒品的社会。 几乎每一个社会 都有使用精神药物 用来解决疼痛、提升精力、社交应酬、 甚至是用来与神对话。 我们这种对于知觉改变的渴望 可能和我们对食物、 友谊、性的渴望一样基本。 因此,我们真正的挑战 在于学会如何与精神药物共存 从而使它造成的伤害最小 并且在某些情况下,带来最大的益处。
I'll tell you something else I learned, that the reason some drugs are legal and others not has almost nothing to do with science or health or the relative risk of drugs, and almost everything to do with who uses and who is perceived to use particular drugs. In the late 19th century, when most of the drugs that are now illegal were legal, the principal consumers of opiates in my country and others were middle-aged white women, using them to alleviate aches and pains when few other analgesics were available. And nobody thought about criminalizing it back then because nobody wanted to put Grandma behind bars. But when hundreds of thousands of Chinese started showing up in my country, working hard on the railroads and the mines and then kicking back in the evening just like they had in the old country with a few puffs on that opium pipe, that's when you saw the first drug prohibition laws in California and Nevada, driven by racist fears of Chinese transforming white women into opium-addicted sex slaves. The first cocaine prohibition laws, similarly prompted by racist fears of black men sniffing that white powder and forgetting their proper place in Southern society. And the first marijuana prohibition laws, all about fears of Mexican migrants in the West and the Southwest. And what was true in my country, is true in so many others as well, with both the origins of these laws and their implementation. Put it this way, and I exaggerate only slightly: If the principal smokers of cocaine were affluent older white men and the principal consumers of Viagra were poor young black men, then smokable cocaine would be easy to get with a prescription from your doctor and selling Viagra would get you five to 10 years behind bars. (Applause)
让我告诉你们我学到的另一件事, 之所以有些药物是合法的,有些则不是, 这跟科学、健康或药物相应的风险 几乎没有任何关系; 而是跟谁在使用、 或谁被视作在使用特定药物有关。 在19世纪后期, 当大多数现在非法的药物都还是合法的时候, 我国和其他国家,鸦片的主要消费者 是中年白人妇女 她们用鸦片来缓解疼痛 当时很少有别的止痛药可用。 而且没人想过把它定为刑事犯罪, 因为没有人希望把奶奶关进监狱。 但是,当成千上万的中国人 开始出现在我的国家 在铁路和矿山上卖力工作 然后晚上放松一下, 就像他们在故乡常做的那样, 吸上几口大烟, 这就是你所见到的第一条禁毒法令 出现在加利福尼亚州和内华达州 因为那些有种族歧视的人担心 中国人会把白人妇女 变成鸦片成瘾的性奴。 而第一条禁止可卡因的法律, 也是由那些种族歧视的人提出的 他们怕黑人闻了那白色粉末之后 会忘记自己在南方社会里真正的位置。 还有第一条禁止大麻的法律, 同样是源于对西部和西南部地区 墨西哥移民的恐惧。 这就是发生在我们国家真相 相信在很多别的地方也同样如此 那些法律的起源 和它们的执行。 换句话说, 让我稍稍夸大一点, 如果可卡因的主要吸食者 都是些有钱的白人老头 而伟哥的主要消费者 都是些贫穷年轻的黑人男子 那么,你将很容易地拿着医生的处方买到烟用可卡因 而出售伟哥会让你在牢里待上5到10年。 (掌声)
I used to be a professor teaching about this. Now I'm an activist, a human rights activist, and what drives me is my shame at living in an otherwise great nation that has less than five percent of the world's population but almost 25 percent of the world's incarcerated population. It's the people I meet who have lost someone they love to drug-related violence or prison or overdose or AIDS because our drug policies emphasize criminalization over health. It's good people who have lost their jobs, their homes, their freedom, even their children to the state, not because they hurt anyone but solely because they chose to use one drug instead of another.
我曾是个教这方面知识的教授 但现在,我是一个行动者,一名人权运动的积极分子 而背后驱动我的力量,是我的惭愧 我生活在一个原本很伟大的国家 它有着不到世界5%的人口 监狱里却关着占世界总数25%的犯人 我遇到这样的人:他们曾因为 与毒品有关的暴力事件、监禁、吸食过量或艾滋病 而失去了他们所爱的人 这都是因为我们的毒品政策 它们强调刑责超过人们健康。 他们是好人,他们失去了工作、 房子、自由、甚至他们的孩子 到了这般田地,不是因为他们伤害了谁 而仅仅是因为他们选择了某一种药物, 而不是另一种。
So is legalization the answer? On that, I'm torn: three days a week I think yes, three days a week I think no, and on Sundays I'm agnostic. But since today is Tuesday, let me just say that legally regulating and taxing most of the drugs that are now criminalized would radically reduce the crime, violence, corruption and black markets, and the problems of adulterated and unregulated drugs, and improve public safety, and allow taxpayer resources to be developed to more useful purposes. I mean, look, the markets in marijuana, cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine are global commodities markets just like the global markets in alcohol, tobacco, coffee, sugar, and so many other things. Where there is a demand, there will be a supply. Knock out one source and another inevitably emerges. People tend to think of prohibition as the ultimate form of regulation when in fact it represents the abdication of regulation with criminals filling the void. Which is why putting criminal laws and police front and center in trying to control a dynamic global commodities market is a recipe for disaster. And what we really need to do is to bring the underground drug markets as much as possible aboveground and regulate them as intelligently as we can to minimize both the harms of drugs and the harms of prohibitionist policies.
所以,“合法化”是我们寻找的答案吗? 关于这一点,我非常为难: 每周有三天里我觉得是这样的,还有三天我觉得不是 然后在周末,我是“不可知论者”。 但既然今天是星期二, 就让我说:只要合法地管制并对其征税 大多数现在被列为非法的精神药物 会显著地减少犯罪、暴力、 贪污、黑市、 以及掺假和不受管制的药物问题, 并且提高公共安全 还能使纳税人的资源 被投入到更有用的地方。 我的意思是,你看,大麻、可卡因、 海洛因和甲基苯丙胺的市场, 是全球性的商品市场 就跟全球的酒精、烟草、 咖啡、糖、以及许多其他的市场一样。 只要哪里有需求, 哪里就会有供应。 消灭了一个源头, 另一个源头还是会不可避免地出现。 人们倾向于认为:禁止 就是最终极的管制方案。 而事实上,它代表的是放弃管制, 并由罪犯去填补这个空缺。 这就是为什么要把刑法和警察放在 最前线和最核心的位置来试图控制 一个瞬息万变的全球性商品市场 这就是灾祸之因。 而我们真正需要做的 是把地下的毒品交易市场 尽可能带回地面上来 并且尽我们所能地,明智地,规范它 以减少药物的伤害 和禁毒政策带来的危害。
Now, with marijuana, that obviously means legally regulating and taxing it like alcohol. The benefits of doing so are enormous, the risks minimal. Will more people use marijuana? Maybe, but it's not going to be young people, because it's not going to be legalized for them, and quite frankly, they already have the best access to marijuana. I think it's going to be older people. It's going to be people in their 40s and 60s and 80s who find they prefer a little marijuana to that drink in the evening or the sleeping pill or that it helps with their arthritis or diabetes or maybe helps spice up a long-term marriage. (Laughter) And that just might be a net public health benefit.
这样,当我们提到大麻,显然指的是 像酒精一样的依法管制和征税。 这样做的好处是巨大的,而风险极小。 会有更多的人使用大麻吗? 也许吧,但年轻人不会这样 因为大麻不会对他们合法化, 而且坦白地说,他们已经有 最好的获取大麻的途径了。 我认为这将会是上了年纪的人。 大概40多岁、60多岁 和80多岁的人,他们发现自己宁愿吸点大麻 来代替晚上喝的一杯酒或者吃的一片安眠药 或者是用它来舒缓他们的关节炎或糖尿病 又或者,用它来给老夫老妻的婚姻生活增添点情趣。(笑声) 所以这对公众健康或许也有一些益处。
As for the other drugs, look at Portugal, where nobody goes to jail for possessing drugs, and the government's made a serious commitment to treating addiction as a health issue. Look at Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, England, where people who have been addicted to heroin for many years and repeatedly tried to quit and failed can get pharmaceutical heroin and helping services in medical clinics, and the results are in: Illegal drug abuse and disease and overdoses and crime and arrests all go down, health and well-being improve, taxpayers benefit, and many drug users even put their addictions behind them.
至于其他药物, 看看葡萄牙,在那儿没人会因为 拥有毒品被抓去坐牢 政府作出了郑重承诺, 会把上瘾作为一个健康问题来治疗。 再看看瑞士、德国、荷兰、 丹麦和英国,在这些地方 那些对海洛因上瘾多年, 多次试图戒毒但失败的人, 可以从医疗诊所获得药用海洛因和援助服务, 而这样做的成果是: 非法药物的滥用、疾病、 服药过量、犯罪和拘捕 统统下降, 健康和福祉提高, 纳税人受益, 许多吸毒者甚至戒掉了毒瘾。
Look at New Zealand, which recently enacted a law allowing certain recreational drugs to be sold legally provided their safety had been established. Look here in Brazil, and some other countries, where a remarkable psychoactive substance, ayahuasca, can be legally bought and consumed provided it's done so within a religious context. Look in Bolivia and Peru, where all sorts of products made from the coca leaf, the source of cocaine, are sold legally over the counter with no apparent harm to people's public health. I mean, don't forget, Coca-Cola had cocaine in it until 1900, and so far as we know was no more addictive than Coca-Cola is today.
看看新西兰,他们最近通过了一项法律 允许某些软性毒品的合法销售 只要这些药品的安全性已经得到确认。 再来看看巴西,和一些别的国家, 他们有一种引人注目的精神类药物, 死藤水(用南美一种藤本植物的根泡制而成有致幻作用的饮料), 可以被合法地购买和服用 只要是在宗教背景下。 看看玻利维亚和秘鲁, 各种由古柯叶制成的产品, (古柯叶)就是可卡因的原料 都在柜台上合法地销售 这样做并没有对人们的健康带来明显的危害。 我要说,别忘了,可口可乐直到1900年配方里都含有可卡因, 但到正如大家所知, 没有人觉得它比现在的可口可乐更让人上瘾。
Conversely, think about cigarettes: Nothing can both hook you and kill you like cigarettes. When researchers ask heroin addicts what's the toughest drug to quit, most say cigarettes. Yet in my country and many others, half of all the people who were ever addicted to cigarettes have quit without anyone being arrested or put in jail or sent to a "treatment program" by a prosecutor or a judge. What did it were higher taxes and time and place restrictions on sale and use and effective anti-smoking campaigns. Now, could we reduce smoking even more by making it totally illegal? Probably. But just imagine the drug war nightmare that would result.
相反,想想香烟: 没有什么比香烟更令你上瘾,更让你加速死亡了。 当研究人员问海洛因成瘾者,他们最难戒掉的是什么 大多数人说是香烟。 而在我的国家和许多其他国家, 那半数曾对香烟上瘾、 后来成功戒烟的人 都没有被逮捕或投入监狱 或者被检察官和法官 送去「戒毒所」。 带来这种成功的原因是高税收, 对销售、使用的时间和空间的限制, 以及有效的反吸烟运动。 现在,我们可以通过立法完全禁止吸烟 来进一步减少吸烟吗? 或许吧。 但不妨想想,可能导致的类似 禁毒战争一样的噩梦。
So the challenges we face today are twofold. The first is the policy challenge of designing and implementing alternatives to ineffective prohibitionist policies, even as we need to get better at regulating and living with the drugs that are now legal. But the second challenge is tougher, because it's about us. The obstacles to reform lie not just out there in the power of the prison industrial complex or other vested interests that want to keep things the way they are, but within each and every one of us. It's our fears and our lack of knowledge and imagination that stands in the way of real reform. And ultimately, I think that boils down to the kids, and to every parent's desire to put our baby in a bubble, and the fear that somehow drugs will pierce that bubble and put our young ones at risk. In fact, sometimes it seems like the entire War on Drugs gets justified as one great big child protection act, which any young person can tell you it's not.
所以,我们今天面临的挑战 有两方面。 第一,是政策挑战 我们要设计和实施有效的替代方案, 来取代无效的禁令 同时我们还需要更好地规范它 学会跟这些(现在合法的)药物共存。 但第二个挑战就困难了 因为它是关于我们的。 对这种改革的阻碍不只是存在于 监狱工业体系的复杂状况和力量 或其他想保住自己既得利益的人 希望一切保持一直以来的样子 而最主要是在于我们每个人。 我们的恐惧,我们的缺乏了解 还有我们的想象力 这些才是改革路上真正的阻碍。 从根本上来说,我认为这都是为了孩子, 因为每一位家长都希望自己的宝贝被保护在一个泡泡里, 我们害怕毒品会以某种形式刺破这个泡泡 把我们的年轻一辈置于危险之中。 其实,有时候看起来 整个禁毒战争好像很正当 因为它是一个伟大的大型的儿童保护行动 然而任何一个年轻人都会告诉你,事实并非如此。
So here's what I say to teenagers. First, don't do drugs. Second, don't do drugs. Third, if you do do drugs, there's some things I want you to know, because my bottom line as your parent is, come home safely at the end of the night and grow up and lead a healthy and good adulthood. That's my drug education mantra: Safety first.
因此,这里我要对年轻人说: 第一,不要吸毒。 第二,不要吸毒。 第三,如果你非要吸毒, 有一些事情是我想让你知道的, 因为我作为父母能够接受的底线是: 每天晚上平平安安地回到家里, 要好好长大,过一种健康的、美好的成年生活。 这是我的禁毒教育口头禅:安全第一。
So this is what I've dedicated my life to, to building an organization and a movement of people who believe we need to turn our backs on the failed prohibitions of the past and embrace new drug policies grounded in science, compassion, health and human rights, where people who come from across the political spectrum and every other spectrum as well, where people who love our drugs, people who hate drugs, and people who don't give a damn about drugs, but every one of us believes that this War on Drugs, this backward, heartless, disastrous War on Drugs, has got to end.
所以,这就是我一生致力于做的事 要建立一个组织,推动一个运动 让人们相信 我们应该转身放弃以前失败的禁令 去接受一个基于科学、爱心、健康和尊重人权的新药物政策 我们的成员来自不同的政治派别 拥有各种不同的背景 有喜欢毒品的人 有痛恨毒品的人 还有根本不在乎毒品的人 但我们每个人都相信:禁毒战争 这个落后的、无情的、灾难性的禁毒战争 必须得结束了。
Thank you.
谢谢
(Applause)
(掌声)
Thank you. Thank you.
谢谢。谢谢。
Chris Anderson: Ethan, congrats — quite the reaction. That was a powerful talk. Not quite a complete standing O, though, and I'm guessing that some people here and maybe a few watching online, maybe someone knows a teenager or a friend or whatever who got sick, maybe died from some drug overdose. I'm sure you've had these people approach you before. What do you say to them?
Chris Anderson:Ethan, 恭喜——反应相当的热烈。 真是个震撼的演讲。 虽然不是所有人都起立鼓掌了 而我猜测,在场观看的一些人 或者一些在网络上在线观看的人里 会有人认识一些青少年或朋友 或者不论是因毒品而生病 还是因为过量用药而去世 我敢肯定,之前有这些人找过你 你是怎样跟他们说的?
Ethan Nadelmann: Chris, the most amazing thing that's happened of late is that I've met a growing number of people who have actually lost a sibling or a child to a drug overdose, and 10 years ago, those people just wanted to say, let's line up all the drug dealers and shoot them and that will solve it. And what they've come to understand is that the Drug War did nothing to protect their kids. If anything, it made it more likely that those kids were put at risk. And so they're now becoming part of this drug policy reform movement. There's other people who have kids, one's addicted to alcohol, the other one's addicted to cocaine or heroin, and they ask themselves the question: Why does this kid get to take one step at a time and try to get better and that one's got to deal with jail and police and criminals all the time? So everybody's understanding, the Drug War's not protecting anybody.
Ethan Nadelmann:Chris,最近所发生最让人惊喜的事 就是我碰到越来越多的人 那些失去兄弟姐妹或者子女 因为亲人滥用药物的人 在10年前的话,他们只是会说: 把毒贩们排成一排拉出去枪毙了吧, 这就会解决问题。 而现在他们渐渐明白的是 禁毒战争并没有保护到他们的孩子。 如果禁毒真的做了什么,那就是 让这些孩子们更容易处于危险之中。 因此,他们现在成为了这个 药物政策改革运动的一分子。 还有一些家长,有多个孩子 一个孩子嗜酒,另一个对可卡因或海洛因上瘾 他们问自己这样一个问题: “为什么一个孩子可以一步一步 努力变得更好; 而另一个则要去面对监狱、 警察和罪犯呢?“ 因此大家现在理解了, 禁毒战争并没有保护任何人。
CA: Certainly in the U.S., you've got political gridlock on most issues. Is there any realistic chance of anything actually shifting on this issue in the next five years?
CA:显然在美国,在大多数问题上 都存在政治僵局。 这些议题在5年内 取得现实进展的机会大吗?
EN: I'd say it's quite remarkable. I'm getting all these calls from journalists now who are saying to me, "Ethan, it seems like the only two issues advancing politically in America right now are marijuana law reform and gay marriage. What are you doing right?" And then you're looking at bipartisanship breaking out with, actually, Republicans in the Congress and state legislatures allowing bills to be enacted with majority Democratic support, so we've gone from being sort of the third rail, the most fearful issue of American politics, to becoming one of the most successful.
EN:我得说这是非常引人注目的。我总会接到一些电话 记者现在会跟我说: “Ethan,看起来如今在美国政治上 唯一在进步的两个议题 就是大麻政策改革和同性恋婚姻了。 你现在在做什么吗?“ 然后你会看到两党打破隔阂开始合作 通过…实际上,共和党努力在国会 和各州议会让法案颁布, (议案的通过)有赖于大多数民主党议员的支持 所以,毒品这个议题,从一个不能踩的雷区, 美国政治中最可怕的问题, 变成了最成功的议案之一。
CA: Ethan, thank you so much for coming to TEDGlobal. EN: Chris, thanks so much.
CA:Ethan,非常感谢你来到TED Global
CA: Thank you. EN: Thank you. (Applause)
EN:Chris,非常感谢。