To understand the business of mythology and what a Chief Belief Officer is supposed to do, you have to hear a story of Ganesha, the elephant-headed god who is the scribe of storytellers, and his brother, the athletic warlord of the gods, Kartikeya. The two brothers one day decided to go on a race, three times around the world. Kartikeya leapt on his peacock and flew around the continents and the mountains and the oceans. He went around once, he went around twice, he went around thrice. But his brother, Ganesha, simply walked around his parents once, twice, thrice, and said, "I won." "How come?" said Kartikeya. And Ganesha said, "You went around 'the world.' I went around 'my world.'" What matters more?
要了解什么是神话 以及我作为(印度未来集团)首席信仰官的工作内容 我必须要从"象头神"伽内什的故事说起 我必须要从"象头神"伽内什的故事说起 我必须要从"象头神"伽内什的故事说起 伽内什是为说书人记录下整本《摩诃婆罗多》的神 伽内什是为说书人记录下整本《摩诃婆罗多》的神 而他的兄弟,则是勇猛的战神:卡提凯亚 而他的兄弟,则是勇猛的战神:卡提凯亚 有一天,兄弟俩决定比赛,看谁能用最快的速度绕世界三圈 有一天,兄弟俩决定比赛,看谁能用最快的速度绕世界三圈 卡提凯亚跳上他的孔雀坐骑 飞过连绵的大地,越过高山和海洋 飞过连绵的大地,越过高山和海洋 他绕了一圈,二圈,三圈 他绕了一圈,二圈,三圈 他绕了一圈,二圈,三圈 而他的兄弟伽内什,却只是绕着他们的父母走了三圈 而他的兄弟伽内什,却只是绕着他们的父母走了三圈 而他的兄弟伽内什,却只是绕着他们的父母走了三圈 然后伽内什宣布:“我赢了” “何以见得?”卡提凯亚质问到 然后伽内什宣布:“我赢了” “何以见得?”卡提凯亚质问到 伽内什解释说:“你跨过山川河谷,你绕的是‘你的世界’” 伽内什解释说:“你跨过山川河谷,你绕的是‘你的世界’” “我绕的是‘我的世界’,我的世界就是生养我的父母,两者孰轻孰重?” “我绕的是‘我的世界’,我的世界就是生养我的父母,两者孰轻孰重?”
If you understand the difference between 'the world' and 'my world,' you understand the difference between logos and mythos. 'The world' is objective, logical, universal, factual, scientific. 'My world' is subjective. It's emotional. It's personal. It's perceptions, thoughts, feelings, dreams. It is the belief system that we carry. It's the myth that we live in.
如果你明白了"外在世界"和"内在世界"的区别,你就明白了理性和神话的区别 如果你明白了"外在世界"和"内在世界"的区别,你就明白了理性和神话的区别 “外在世界”是客观公正,理性逻辑,普遍适用,实实在在,符合科学的 “外在世界”是客观公正,理性逻辑,普遍适用,实实在在,符合科学的 “外在世界”是客观公正,理性逻辑,普遍适用,实实在在,符合科学的 “内在世界”是主观的,感性的,个人的,它是你的观念、思想、感觉、梦想 “内在世界”是主观的,感性的,个人的,它是你的观念、思想、感觉、梦想 “内在世界”是主观的,感性的,个人的,它是你的观念、思想、感觉、梦想 “内在世界”是我们的信仰,是我们的世界观,是属于我们的神话世界 “内在世界”是我们的信仰,是我们的世界观,是属于我们的神话世界
'The world' tells us how the world functions, how the sun rises, how we are born. 'My world' tells us why the sun rises, why we were born. Every culture is trying to understand itself: "Why do we exist?" And every culture comes up with its own understanding of life, its own customized version of mythology.
“外在世界”告诉我们世界的运作模式:太阳如何升起,我们如何出生 “外在世界”告诉我们世界的运作模式:太阳如何升起,我们如何出生 “外在世界”告诉我们世界的运作模式:太阳如何升起,我们如何出生 “内在世界”则告诉我们太阳“为什么”要升起,我们“为什么”要出生 “内在世界”则告诉我们太阳“为什么”要升起,我们“为什么”要出生 世界上的每个文明都试图了解自身,探索自身存在的意义 世界上的每个文明都试图了解自身,探索自身存在的意义 每个文明都发展出自己对生命的理解---也就是他们自己的“神话世界” 每个文明都发展出自己对生命的理解---也就是他们自己的“神话世界”
Culture is a reaction to nature, and this understanding of our ancestors is transmitted generation from generation in the form of stories, symbols and rituals, which are always indifferent to rationality. And so, when you study it, you realize that different people of the world have a different understanding of the world. Different people see things differently -- different viewpoints.
文化则在每个文明的世界框架中发展形成 这种对自身祖先的理解,以故事传说、符号象征、宗教仪式的形式,代代相传 这种对自身祖先的理解,以故事传说、符号象征、宗教仪式的形式,代代相传 这种对自身祖先的理解,以故事传说、符号象征、宗教仪式的形式,代代相传 这种种一切和理性逻辑毫不相干 如果你去研究它们,你会发现,世界上不同的人,对世界有着不同的理解 如果你去研究它们,你会发现,世界上不同的人,对世界有着不同的理解 如果你去研究它们,你会发现,世界上不同的人,对世界有着不同的理解 不同的人看到的事物不同,所持的观点不同 不同的人看到的事物不同,所持的观点不同
There is my world and there is your world, and my world is always better than your world, because my world, you see, is rational and yours is superstition. Yours is faith. Yours is illogical. This is the root of the clash of civilizations. It took place, once, in 326 B.C. on the banks of a river called the Indus, now in Pakistan. This river lends itself to India's name. India. Indus.
这边是“我的世界”,那边是“你的世界” “我的世界”总是比“你的世界”更合理,更优越 因为,你瞧,“我的世界”是充满理性的,而“你的世界”则是迷信异论 因为,你瞧,“我的世界”是充满理性的,而“你的世界”则是迷信异论 “你的世界”是你不合逻辑的信仰 “你的世界”是你不合逻辑的信仰 这就是各种文明发生矛盾冲突的根源所在 一次这样的冲突曾发生在公元前326年,在一条名叫印度河的河岸边 一次这样的冲突曾发生在公元前326年,在一条名叫印度河的河岸边 这条河现在巴基斯坦境内 “印度”之名就是由这条河而来,印度,印度河 “印度”之名就是由这条河而来,印度,印度河
Alexander, a young Macedonian, met there what he called a "gymnosophist," which means "the naked, wise man." We don't know who he was. Perhaps he was a Jain monk, like Bahubali over here, the Gomateshwara Bahubali whose image is not far from Mysore. Or perhaps he was just a yogi who was sitting on a rock, staring at the sky and the sun and the moon.
一个年轻的马其顿人,后来的亚历山大大帝 在河岸边遇到了一位“密修者”,意指“赤裸的智者” 在河岸边遇到了一位“密修者”,意指“赤裸的智者” 我们不知道他具体是谁,或许是位耆那教僧侣 我们不知道他具体是谁,或许是位耆那教僧侣 像巴胡巴里一样的耆那教僧侣,图上是戈摩达希瓦尔的巴胡巴里雕像 像巴胡巴里一样的耆那教僧侣,图上是戈摩达希瓦尔的巴胡巴里雕像 这个雕像就在迈索尔市附近 又或许,他只是个瑜珈修士 他盘坐于石头上,静静地仰望天空,仰望日月 他盘坐于石头上,静静地仰望天空,仰望日月
Alexander asked, "What are you doing?" and the gymnosophist answered, "I'm experiencing nothingness." Then the gymnosophist asked, "What are you doing?" and Alexander said, "I am conquering the world." And they both laughed. Each one thought that the other was a fool. The gymnosophist said, "Why is he conquering the world? It's pointless." And Alexander thought, "Why is he sitting around, doing nothing? What a waste of a life."
亚历山大问道:“你在做什么?” 密修者答道:“我正在体验‘虚无’” 密修者答道:“我正在体验‘虚无’” 然后密修者问道:“你呢?” 然后密修者问道:“你呢?” 亚历山大答道:“我正在征服世界!” 他们都笑了,彼此认为对方是个傻子 他们都笑了,彼此认为对方是个傻子 密修者在想:他为何要征服世界?根本毫无意义 密修者在想:他为何要征服世界?根本毫无意义 亚历山大在想:他干嘛要坐在那里无所事事呢?根本就是浪费生命 亚历山大在想:他干嘛要坐在那里无所事事呢?根本就是浪费生命 亚历山大在想:他干嘛要坐在那里无所事事呢?根本就是浪费生命
To understand this difference in viewpoints, we have to understand the subjective truth of Alexander -- his myth, and the mythology that constructed it. Alexander's mother, his parents, his teacher Aristotle told him the story of Homer's "Iliad." They told him of a great hero called Achilles, who, when he participated in battle, victory was assured, but when he withdrew from the battle, defeat was inevitable. "Achilles was a man who could shape history, a man of destiny, and this is what you should be, Alexander." That's what he heard.
要理解这俩人的不同观点,我们必须先了解他们的“世界” 要理解这俩人的不同观点,我们必须先了解他们的“世界” 亚历山大的“主观世界”,是在他所听到的神话故事影响下形成的 亚历山大的“主观世界”,是在他所听到的神话故事影响下形成的 亚历山大的父母,以及老师亚里士多德,告诉他荷马史诗"伊利亚特"的故事 亚历山大的父母,以及老师亚里士多德,告诉他荷马史诗"伊利亚特"的故事 故事里伟大的英雄阿奇里斯,一旦他来指挥坐阵,必定战无不胜 故事里伟大的英雄阿奇里斯,一旦他来指挥坐阵,必定战无不胜 一旦他离开了战场,则是必输无疑 一旦他离开了战场,则是必输无疑 阿奇里斯是缔造历史的人!是命运注定的英雄! 阿奇里斯是缔造历史的人!是命运注定的英雄! “亚历山大,你要成为阿奇里斯那样的英雄!” 这,就是亚历山大听到的神话故事 “亚历山大,你要成为阿奇里斯那样的英雄!” 这,就是亚历山大听到的神话故事
"What should you not be? You should not be Sisyphus, who rolls a rock up a mountain all day only to find the boulder rolled down at night. Don't live a life which is monotonous, mediocre, meaningless. Be spectacular! -- like the Greek heroes, like Jason, who went across the sea with the Argonauts and fetched the Golden Fleece. Be spectacular like Theseus, who entered the labyrinth and killed the bull-headed Minotaur. When you play in a race, win! -- because when you win, the exhilaration of victory is the closest you will come to the ambrosia of the gods."
“要避免成为什么样的人呢?” “千万别变成西西弗斯那样的人” “要避免成为什么样的人呢?” “千万别变成西西弗斯那样的人” 日复一日把巨石推上山,石头却在晚上自行滚下,一天的辛劳化作乌有 日复一日把巨石推上山,石头却在晚上自行滚下,一天的辛劳化作乌有 不要碌碌无为地过完一生,不要做单调乏味,平淡普通,可有可无的人 不要碌碌无为地过完一生,不要做单调乏味,平淡普通,可有可无的人 要活得轰轰烈烈!像那些伟大的希腊神话英雄那样! 要活得轰轰烈烈!像那些伟大的希腊神话英雄那样! 像跨越重洋的英雄伊阿宋那样,带领他的阿尔戈勇士,历经艰险夺取金羊毛 像跨越重洋的英雄伊阿宋那样,带领他的阿尔戈勇士,历经艰险夺取金羊毛 像英勇强壮的忒修斯那样,闯入克里特岛的迷宫,杀死人身牛头的怪物 像英勇强壮的忒修斯那样,闯入克里特岛的迷宫,杀死人身牛头的怪物 一旦你参与竞争,就要以夺冠为目标! 因为胜利果实带给人的兴奋狂喜,是人间唯一可与天上的珍馔佳肴媲美的东西 因为胜利果实带给人的兴奋狂喜,是人间唯一可与天上的珍馔佳肴媲美的东西
Because, you see, the Greeks believed you live only once, and when you die, you have to cross the River Styx. And if you have lived an extraordinary life, you will be welcomed to Elysium, or what the French call "Champs-Élysées" -- (Laughter) -- the heaven of the heroes.
因为希腊人相信,人生只活一回 因为希腊人相信,人生只活一回 死后,你将穿过环绕地狱的冥河 如果你的一生精彩非凡,极乐世界的大门就会为你打开 如果你的一生精彩非凡,极乐世界的大门就会为你打开 用法国人的话说,你就可以踏上极乐的“香榭丽舍大道” 用法国人的话说,你就可以踏上极乐的“香榭丽舍大道” 那是英雄的天堂之地
But these are not the stories that the gymnosophist heard. He heard a very different story. He heard of a man called Bharat, after whom India is called Bhārata. Bharat also conquered the world. And then he went to the top-most peak of the greatest mountain of the center of the world called Meru. And he wanted to hoist his flag to say, "I was here first." But when he reached the mountain peak, he found the peak covered with countless flags of world-conquerors before him, each one claiming "'I was here first' ... that's what I thought until I came here." And suddenly, in this canvas of infinity, Bharat felt insignificant. This was the mythology of the gymnosophist.
但这些却不是那个密修者听到的神话故事 他听到的是一个截然不同的故事,故事里有个叫婆罗多的王子 他听到的是一个截然不同的故事,故事里有个叫婆罗多的王子 王子继位后改国名为“婆罗多”,所以印度人常自称“婆罗多”王国 婆罗多也征服了世界,然后他去攀登世界之巅 婆罗多也征服了世界,然后他去攀登世界之巅 那座位于宇宙中心的最高峰:须弥山 那座位于宇宙中心的最高峰:须弥山 他要在世界之巅插上他的旗帜,向后人证明:我是第一个征服世界的人! 他要在世界之巅插上他的旗帜,向后人证明:我是第一个征服世界的人! 但当他到了山顶时,才发现山顶已经密密麻麻地插满了旗帜 但当他到了山顶时,才发现山顶已经密密麻麻地插满了旗帜 那些旗帜属于他之前的世界征服者们,每一面都宣称:“我是第一个” 那些旗帜属于他之前的世界征服者们,每一面都宣称:“我是第一个” 至少在我攀上顶峰前是这样以为的 突然之间,在这无穷无尽的旗帜的海洋中,婆罗多认识到了自身的渺小 突然之间,在这无穷无尽的旗帜的海洋中,婆罗多认识到了自身的渺小 这,就是密修者背后的神话
You see, he had heroes, like Ram -- Raghupati Ram and Krishna, Govinda Hari. But they were not two characters on two different adventures. They were two lifetimes of the same hero. When the Ramayana ends the Mahabharata begins. When Ram dies, Krishna is born. When Krishna dies, eventually he will be back as Ram.
密修者神话中的英雄,比如罗摩和罗古帕提·罗摩都是罗摩神的化身 奎师那和戈文达都是至尊人格首神的化身 他们不是两段人生中的不同人物,他们是同一个神的两段轮回 他们不是两段人生中的不同人物,他们是同一个神的两段轮回 当罗摩衍那结束时,摩诃婆罗多就开始了 当罗摩死去时,奎师那就诞生了;当奎师那死去后,他终会化为罗摩重生 当罗摩死去时,奎师那就诞生了;当奎师那死去后,他终会化为罗摩重生
You see, the Indians also had a river that separates the land of the living from the land of the dead. But you don't cross it once. You go to and fro endlessly. It was called the Vaitarani. You go again and again and again. Because, you see, nothing lasts forever in India, not even death. And so, you have these grand rituals where great images of mother goddesses are built and worshiped for 10 days ... And what do you do at the end of 10 days? You dunk it in the river. Because it has to end. And next year, she will come back. What goes around always comes around, and this rule applies not just to man, but also the gods. You see, the gods have to come back again and again and again as Ram, as Krishna. Not only do they live infinite lives, but the same life is lived infinite times till you get to the point of it all. "Groundhog Day." (Laughter)
印度神话中也有一条河,这条河像希腊神话中的冥河一样分开生死两界 印度神话中也有一条河,这条河像希腊神话中的冥河一样分开生死两界 但你不止穿过它一次,事实上,你无穷无尽地来往于河的两边 但你不止穿过它一次,事实上,你无穷无尽地来往于河的两边 印度的这条河叫做毗陀罗尼,你在毗陀罗尼的两岸来来回回 印度的这条河叫做毗陀罗尼,你在毗陀罗尼的两岸来来回回 因为呀,在印度没有什么是永恒不变的,连死亡也不例外 因为呀,在印度没有什么是永恒不变的,连死亡也不例外 这种信仰也影响着那些宏大的宗教仪式 每年隆重的杜尔迦节庆典上,人们筑起极尽华美的女神像,载歌载舞地膜拜她十天 每年隆重的杜尔迦节庆典上,人们筑起极尽华美的女神像,载歌载舞地膜拜她十天 到了第十天庆典结束时要干什么呢? 人们会把女神像投入河中 到了第十天庆典结束时要干什么呢? 人们会把女神像投入河中 因为,死亡和终结是必需的,这样,明年她才能迎来重生 因为,死亡和终结是必需的,这样,明年她才能迎来重生 万事万物都在无穷的轮回之中,这一法则不仅适用于人间,也适用于神界 万事万物都在无穷的轮回之中,这一法则不仅适用于人间,也适用于神界 万事万物都在无穷的轮回之中,这一法则不仅适用于人间,也适用于神界 你看,连天上的众神,也要来来回回地往返于轮回之中 你看,连天上的众神,也要来来回回地往返于轮回之中 像罗摩和奎师那那样 不仅他们的生命无穷无尽,而且他们生命重复的次数也无穷无尽 不仅他们的生命无穷无尽,而且他们生命重复的次数也无穷无尽 直到一切的尽头,直到你厌倦了永远重复的土拨鼠日人生 直到一切的尽头,直到你厌倦了永远重复的土拨鼠日人生 (PS:在傻笑的那些家伙都看过《偷天情缘》--不看Chick Flick的译者注)
Two different mythologies. Which is right? Two different mythologies, two different ways of looking at the world. One linear, one cyclical. One believes this is the one and only life. The other believes this is one of many lives. And so, the denominator of Alexander's life was one. So, the value of his life was the sum total of his achievements. The denominator of the gymnosophist's life was infinity. So, no matter what he did, it was always zero. And I believe it is this mythological paradigm that inspired Indian mathematicians to discover the number zero. Who knows?
两种截然不同的神话 ,孰对孰错? 两种截然不同的神话 ,孰对孰错? 两种神话,两种看待世界的方式 ,前者是线性的,后者是循环的 两种神话,两种看待世界的方式 ,前者是线性的,后者是循环的 前者相信人生仅此一次,后者相信人生是无穷的轮回 前者相信人生仅此一次,后者相信人生是无穷的轮回 所以,亚历山大人生的分母是“1”,他的价值就是他这一生成就的总和 所以,亚历山大人生的分母是“1”,他的价值就是他这一生成就的总和 所以,亚历山大人生的分母是“1”,他的价值就是他这一生成就的总和 密修者人生的分母是“无穷大” 所以无论他这辈子取得多少成就,除以无穷大的分母后永远趋向于零 所以无论他这辈子取得多少成就,除以无穷大的分母后永远趋向于零 我一直相信,就是这种神学范式,启发了印度数学家们发现数字“零” 我一直相信,就是这种神学范式,启发了印度数学家们发现数字“零” 我一直相信,就是这种神学范式,启发了印度数学家们发现数字“零” 谁知道呢?
And that brings us to the mythology of business. If Alexander's belief influenced his behavior, if the gymnosophist's belief influences his behavior, then it was bound to influence the business they were in. You see, what is business but the result of how the market behaves and how the organization behaves? And if you look at cultures around the world, all you have to do is understand the mythology and you will see how they behave and how they do business.
我们再来看神话信仰对于商业领域的影响 如果亚历山大的信仰影响着他的行为,密修者的信仰影响着他的行为 如果亚历山大的信仰影响着他的行为,密修者的信仰影响着他的行为 那么这势必会影响他们的商业文化 所谓商业,无非就是市场行为和组织行为共同作用的结果 所谓商业,无非就是市场行为和组织行为共同作用的结果 所谓商业,无非就是市场行为和组织行为共同作用的结果 如果你想研究一国的文化,只需理解他们的神话 ,你就会了解他们的行为模式和商业文化 如果你想研究一国的文化,只需理解他们的神话 ,你就会了解他们的行为模式和商业文化 如果你想研究一国的文化,只需理解他们的神话 ,你就会了解他们的行为模式和商业文化
Take a look. If you live only once, in one-life cultures around the world, you will see an obsession with binary logic, absolute truth, standardization, absoluteness, linear patterns in design. But if you look at cultures which have cyclical and based on infinite lives, you will see a comfort with fuzzy logic, with opinion, with contextual thinking, with everything is relative, sort of -- (Laughter) mostly. (Laughter)
举个例子,如果你只有唯一的一次生命 在全球信奉“唯一论”的文化中,你会发现一种对两元逻辑的执迷: 在全球信奉“唯一论”的文化中,你会发现一种对两元逻辑的执迷: 完全真理,标准化,绝对性,线性设计 完全真理,标准化,绝对性,线性设计 再看一下那些信奉循环论和无穷轮回的文化,你会发现一种对模糊逻辑的通融 再看一下那些信奉循环论和无穷轮回的文化,你会发现一种对模糊逻辑的通融 在观点上模棱两可,在关系上似是而非 在观点上模棱两可,在关系上似是而非 万事万物都是相对的,大概的,多数的 万事万物都是相对的,大概的,多数的 万事万物都是相对的,大概的,多数的 万事万物都是相对的,大概的,多数的
You look at art. Look at the ballerina, how linear she is in her performance. And then look at the Indian classical dancer, the Kuchipudi dancer, the Bharatanatyam dancer, curvaceous. (Laughter)
你看两种体系下所形成的艺术:芭蕾舞充满了线性纤长之美 你看两种体系下所形成的艺术:芭蕾舞充满了线性纤长之美 反观印度传统舞蹈 :北印的卡塔克舞,或是南印的婆罗多舞 反观印度传统舞蹈 :北印的卡塔克舞,或是南印的婆罗多舞 多么地曲线玲珑,充满着流线的美 多么地曲线玲珑,充满着流线的美
And then look at business. Standard business model: vision, mission, values, processes. Sounds very much like the journey through the wilderness to the promised land, with the commandments held by the leader. And if you comply, you will go to heaven.
再看商业文化,西方式的标准商业模型:愿景、任务、价值、过程 再看商业文化,西方式的标准商业模型:愿景、任务、价值、过程 再看商业文化,西方式的标准商业模型:愿景、任务、价值、过程 听上去就像穿过荒野到达乐土福地的旅程 听上去就像穿过荒野到达乐土福地的旅程 只要遵从领导者的命令戒律,你就确保能到达天堂 只要遵从领导者的命令戒律,你就确保能到达天堂
But in India there is no "the" promised land. There are many promised lands, depending on your station in society, depending on your stage of life. You see, businesses are not run as institutions, by the idiosyncrasies of individuals. It's always about taste. It's always about my taste.
但在印度,并不存在唯一的“乐土福地”,而是有着许许多多“乐土福地” 但在印度,并不存在唯一的“乐土福地”,而是有许许多多的“乐土福地” 取决于你的身份地位,取决于你的人生阶段 取决于你的身份地位,取决于你的人生阶段 印度公司的运作不同于程式化的组织机构 而是与个人的"气质"和"风格"息息相关 而是与个人的"气质"和"风格"息息相关 与“我个人”的风格品位息息相关
You see, Indian music, for example, does not have the concept of harmony. There is no orchestra conductor. There is one performer standing there, and everybody follows. And you can never replicate that performance twice. It is not about documentation and contract. It's about conversation and faith. It's not about compliance. It's about setting, getting the job done, by bending or breaking the rules -- just look at your Indian people around here, you'll see them smile; they know what it is. (Laughter) And then look at people who have done business in India, you'll see the exasperation on their faces. (Laughter) (Applause)
拿印度传统音乐来说,根本没有西方式的乐团总指挥,没有协调融合的概念™ 拿印度传统音乐来说,根本没有西方式的乐团总指挥,没有协调融合的概念 拿印度传统音乐来说,根本没有西方式的乐团总指挥,没有协调融合的概念 而是一个主角在中间,其他人自发地与之配合 你没有办法复制同一次演出 印度人不在乎文档与合同,他们在乎交流与信念;与其照章办事,不如见机行事 印度人不在乎文档与合同,他们在乎交流与信念;与其照章办事,不如见机行事 印度人不在乎文档与合同,他们在乎交流与信念;与其照章办事,不如见机行事 只要能把事情达成,稍加通融,违反规则亦无妨 只要能把事情达成,稍加通融,违反规则亦无妨 不信的话看看你周围的印度朋友,他们都心照不宣地笑了,他们心知肚明呢 不信的话看看你周围的印度朋友,他们都心照不宣地笑了,他们心知肚明呢 再看看那些在印度做过生意的外国人,瞧瞧他们咬牙切齿的愤恨样子 再看看那些在印度做过生意的外国人,瞧瞧他们咬牙切齿的愤恨样子 再看看那些在印度做过生意的外国人,瞧瞧他们咬牙切齿的愤恨样子 你看,这就是今天的印度,我们的整个价值观建立在循环轮回的世界观上
You see, this is what India is today. The ground reality is based on a cyclical world view. So, it's rapidly changing, highly diverse, chaotic, ambiguous, unpredictable. And people are okay with it. And then globalization is taking place. The demands of modern institutional thinking is coming in. Which is rooted in one-life culture. And a clash is going to take place, like on the banks of the Indus. It is bound to happen.
你看,这就是今天的印度,我们的整个价值观建立在循环轮回的世界观上 你看,这就是今天的印度,我们的整个价值观建立在循环轮回的世界观上 印度变化迅速,民族多样,纷繁嘈杂,模棱两可,难以捉摸,但人们却相安无事 印度变化迅速,民族多样,纷繁嘈杂,模棱两可,难以捉摸,但人们却相安无事 印度变化迅速,民族多样,纷繁嘈杂,模棱两可,难以捉摸,但人们却相安无事 然后全球化的浪潮袭来,以“唯一论”为基础的现代组织思想涌入印度 然后全球化的浪潮袭来,以“唯一论”为基础的现代组织思想涌入印度 然后全球化的浪潮袭来,以“唯一论”为基础的现代组织思想涌入印度 冲突即将发生,就像在当年的印度河岸边那样,不可避免 冲突即将发生,就像在当年的印度河岸边那样,不可避免 冲突即将发生,就像在当年的印度河岸边那样,不可避免
I have personally experienced it. I'm trained as a medical doctor. I did not want to study surgery. Don't ask me why. I love mythology too much. I wanted to learn mythology. But there is nowhere you can study. So, I had to teach it to myself. And mythology does not pay, well, until now. (Laughter) So, I had to take up a job. And I worked in the pharma industry. And I worked in the healthcare industry. And I worked as a marketing guy, and a sales guy, and a knowledge guy, and a content guy, and a training guy. I even was a business consultant, doing strategies and tactics. And I would see the exasperation between my American and European colleagues, when they were dealing with India.
我本人亲身感受过这种文化冲突。我本来是学医的 但我不想拿手术刀,别问我为什么,我对神话学太着迷了 但我不想拿手术刀,别问我为什么,我对神话学太着迷了 我想系统地学习神话学,但没有地方教这个,所以我只能自学 我想系统地学习神话学,但没有地方教这个,所以我只能自学 神话学还有个问题是它没法赚钱,还好现在开始有人请我演讲了 神话学还有个问题是它没法赚钱,还好现在开始有人请我演讲了 所以当初我为了养家糊口,在医药卫生行业找了份工作 所以当初我为了养家糊口,在医药卫生行业找了份工作 我做过市场,做过销售,做过咨询,做过培训 我做过市场,做过销售,做过咨询,做过培训 甚至做过商业策略方面的顾问 因为工作的关系,我常常看到欧美同事对印度的文化习惯恼羞成怒 因为工作的关系,我常常看到欧美同事对印度的文化习惯恼羞成怒 因为工作的关系,我常常看到欧美同事对印度的文化习惯恼羞成怒
Example: Please tell us the process to invoice hospitals. Step A. Step B. Step C. Mostly. (Laughter) How do you parameterize "mostly"? How do you put it in a nice little software? You can't.
举个例子,欧美同事问:请告诉我们给医院开账单的流程 举个例子,欧美同事问:请告诉我们给医院开账单的流程 印度同事回答:步骤一、步骤二、步骤三,大致是这样的 印度同事回答:步骤一、步骤二、步骤三,大致是这样的 你要怎样参数化“大致是这样的”?怎样把它编进标准程序里呢?根本不可能 你要怎样参数化“大致是这样的”?怎样把它编进标准程序里呢?根本不可能
I would give my viewpoints to people. But nobody was interested in listening to it, you see, until I met Kishore Biyani of the Future group. You see, he has established the largest retail chain, called Big Bazaar. And there are more than 200 formats, across 50 cities and towns of India. And he was dealing with diverse and dynamic markets. And he knew very intuitively, that best practices, developed in Japan and China and Europe and America will not work in India. He knew that institutional thinking doesn't work in India. Individual thinking does. He had an intuitive understanding of the mythic structure of India.
我试图告诉人们我的观点,但没人对此感兴趣 我试图告诉人们我的观点,但没人对此感兴趣 直到我遇到未来集团的Kishore Biyani,他建起了印度最大的零售商:“大集市” 直到我遇到未来集团的Kishore Biyani,他建起了印度最大的零售商:“大集市” 他的集团遍布印度50多个城市和乡镇,有超过200个模式 他的集团遍布印度50多个城市和乡镇,有超过200个模式 他时刻需要处理多样多变的市场的问题 他直觉地知道,那些在日本,中国,欧洲和美国发展成熟的最佳模式,在印度是行不通的 他直觉地知道,那些在日本,中国,欧洲和美国发展成熟的最佳模式,在印度是行不通的 他直觉地知道,那些在日本,中国,欧洲和美国发展成熟的最佳模式,在印度是行不通的 他直觉地知道,那些在日本,中国,欧洲和美国发展成熟的最佳模式,在印度是行不通的 他知道组织化的思考不适合印度,个人化的思考才适合 他对印度的神话结构有着一种直觉的理解
So, he had asked me to be the Chief Belief Officer, and said, "All I want to do is align belief." Sounds so simple. But belief is not measurable. You can't measure it. You can't manage it. So, how do you construct belief? How do you enhance the sensitivity of people to Indian-ness. Even if you are Indian, it is not very explicit, it is not very obvious.
于是他请我来做“首席信仰官”,任务是“整合统一信仰” 于是他请我来做“首席信仰官”,任务是“整合统一信仰” 这工作听上去简单,但信仰是不可量化,不可测量,不可管理的 这工作听上去简单,但信仰是不可量化,不可测量,不可管理的 这工作听上去简单,但信仰是不可量化,不可测量,不可管理的 所以,要如何构建信仰呢?要如何增强员工对印度特性的敏感度呢? 所以,要如何构建信仰呢?要如何增强员工对印度特性的敏感度呢? 即使你是印度人,也不一定完全清楚
So, I tried to work on the standard model of culture, which is, develop stories, symbols and rituals. And I will share one of the rituals with you. You see it is based on the Hindu ritual of Darshan. Hindus don't have the concept of commandments. So, there is nothing right or wrong in what you do in life. So, you're not really sure how you stand in front of God. So, when you go to the temple, all you seek is an audience with God. You want to see God. And you want God to see you, and hence the gods have very large eyes, large unblinking eyes, sometimes made of silver, so they look at you. Because you don't know whether you're right or wrong, and so all you seek is divine empathy. "Just know where I came from, why I did the Jugaad." (Laughter) "Why did I do the setting, why I don't care for the processes. Just understand me, please."
于是,我试图建立文化的标准模型,并进一步发展出故事、象征和仪式 于是,我试图建立文化的标准模型,并进一步发展出故事、象征和仪式 我在这里举一个例子,一个基于印度教功德仪式的例子 我在这里举一个例子,一个基于印度教功德仪式的例子 印度教没有戒律的概念,所以人生并没有绝对的是非对错 印度教没有戒律的概念,所以人生并没有绝对的是非对错 所以你不知道神灵对你的评价是什么,你去庙宇时,只是想面对神灵,看到神灵显现 所以你不知道神灵对你的评价是什么,你去庙宇时,只是想面对神灵,看到神灵显现 所以你不知道神灵对你的评价是什么,你去庙宇时,只是想面对神灵,看到神灵显现 你想让神看到你,所以神像都有很大的眼睛,很大的一眨不眨的眼睛 你想让神看到你,所以神像都有很大的眼睛,很大的一眨不眨的眼睛 这些眼睛有时是银制的,好一动不动地看着你 这些眼睛有时是银制的,好一动不动地看着你 由于你不知道自己在神的眼中是对是错,所以你唯一能做的是想办法取得神的认同: 由于你不知道自己在神的眼中是对是错,所以你唯一能做的是想办法取得神的认同: “神哪,你要理解我的处境,理解我耍小聪明的原因” “神哪,你要理解我的处境,理解我耍小聪明的原因” “神哪,理解我经营布置的初衷吧” “理解我为何不在意程序吧,只要理解我就好” “神哪,理解我经营布置的初衷吧” “理解我为何不在意程序吧,只要理解我就好”
And based on this, we created a ritual for leaders. After a leader completes his training and is about to take over the store, we blindfold him, we surround him with the stakeholders, the customer, his family, his team, his boss. You read out his KRA, his KPI, you give him the keys, and then you remove the blindfold. And invariably, you see a tear, because the penny has dropped. He realizes that to succeed, he does not have to be a "professional," he does not have to cut out his emotions, he has to include all these people in his world to succeed, to make them happy, to make the boss happy, to make everyone happy. The customer is happy, because the customer is God.
根据这一宗教传统,我们为公司领导者设定了一个仪式: 每当一个店长完成培训即将接手商店时 我们会蒙住他的眼睛,请来他的投资者、顾客、家人、团队和上级 我们会蒙住他的眼睛,请来他的投资者、顾客、家人、团队和上级 我们宣读出他的关键绩效领域和关键绩效指标,然后将钥匙递交给他,当最后去掉蒙眼布时,你总是会看到他已热泪盈眶 我们宣读出他的关键绩效领域和关键绩效指标,然后将钥匙递交给他,当最后去掉蒙眼布时,你总是会看到他已热泪盈眶 我们宣读出他的关键绩效领域和关键绩效指标,然后将钥匙递交给他,当最后去掉蒙眼布时,你总是会看到他已热泪盈眶 因为他已经领悟了,他知道成功不等于要成为不近人情的专业人士 因为他已经领悟了,他知道成功不等于要成为不近人情的专业人士 因为他已经领悟了,他知道成功不等于要成为不近人情的专业人士 因为他已经领悟了,他知道成功不等于要成为不近人情的专业人士 要成功,他需要激励他的团队,让他们愉快,让上级放心 要成功,他需要激励他的团队,让他们愉快,让上级放心 要成功,他需要激励他的团队,让他们愉快,让上级放心 要成功,他需要让顾客满意,因为顾客才是上帝
That sensitivity is what we need. Once this belief enters, behavior will happen, business will happen. And it has. So, then we come back to Alexander and to the gymnosophist. And everybody asks me, "Which is the better way, this way or that way?" And it's a very dangerous question, because it leads you to the path of fundamentalism and violence. So, I will not answer the question. What I will give you is an Indian answer, the Indian head-shake. (Laughter) (Applause)
他需要这方面的认知,有了信仰,才有行动,生意才能成功 他需要这方面的认知,有了信仰,才有行动,生意才能成功 这一做法卓有成效 现在让我们回到亚历山大和密修者的故事 现在让我们回到亚历山大和密修者的故事 大家都会问:这两种世界观,哪一种比较好? 这个问题很危险,因为它会导致基要主义和暴力手段 这个问题很危险,因为它会导致基要主义和暴力手段 所以我不会回答这个问题,而是要给出一个印度式的的答案: 所以我不会回答这个问题,而是要给出一个印度式的的答案: 模棱两可的印度式摇头(在印度,摇头表示同意接受) 模棱两可的印度式摇头(在印度,摇头表示同意接受) 模棱两可的印度式摇头(在印度,摇头表示同意接受)
Depending on the context, depending on the outcome, choose your paradigm. You see, because both the paradigms are human constructions. They are cultural creations, not natural phenomena. And so the next time you meet someone, a stranger, one request: Understand that you live in the subjective truth, and so does he. Understand it. And when you understand it you will discover something spectacular. You will discover that within infinite myths lies the eternal truth. Who sees it all? Varuna has but a thousand eyes. Indra, a hundred. You and I, only two. Thank you. Namaste. (Applause)
取决于背景,取决于后果,基于具体情况选择你的行为范式 取决于背景,取决于后果,基于具体情况选择你的行为范式 取决于背景,取决于后果,基于具体情况选择你的行为范式 你看,这两种范式都是人类的观点,都是文化的产物,而不是客观的自然现象 你看,这两种范式都是人类的观点,都是文化的产物,而不是客观的自然现象 你看,这两种范式都是人类的观点,都是文化的产物,而不是客观的自然现象 所以,下次你要是遇到一个陌生人,请记得,你们两个都生活在各自的主观事实中 所以,下次你要是遇到一个陌生人,请记得,你们两个都生活在各自的主观事实中 所以,下次你要是遇到一个陌生人,请记得,你们两个都生活在各自的主观事实中 所以,下次你要是遇到一个陌生人,请记得,你们两个都生活在各自的主观事实中 试着去理解他的世界,他的观点,当你这样做的时候,奇妙的事情就会发生 试着去理解他的世界,他的观点,当你这样做的时候,奇妙的事情就会发生 你会发现在无限的神话里,蕴藏着永恒的真理 你会发现在无限的神话里,蕴藏着永恒的真理 话说回来,谁能万事皆洞明呢?海洋大神瓦鲁那有一千只眼睛,天空神因陀罗有一百只 话说回来,谁能万事皆洞明呢?海洋大神瓦鲁那有一千只眼睛,天空神因陀罗有一百只 话说回来,谁能万事皆洞明呢?海洋大神瓦鲁那有一千只眼睛,天空神因陀罗有一百只 而平凡如你我,只有两只眼睛 而平凡如你我,只有两只眼睛 谢谢 (掌声)