Interpreter: Piano, "p," is my favorite musical symbol. It means to play softly. If you're playing a musical instrument and you notice a "p" in the score, you need to play softer. Two p's -- even softer. Four p's -- extremely soft. This is my drawing of a p-tree, which demonstrates no matter how many thousands upon thousands of p's there may be, you'll never reach complete silence. That's my current definition of silence: a very obscure sound.
Prevodilac: Piano, „p“, je moj omiljeni muzički simbol. Znači svirati tiho. Ako svirate muzički instrument i spazite „p“ u partituri, morate da svirate tiše. Dva „p“ - još tiše. Četiri „p“ - izuzetno tiho. Ovo je moj crtež „drveta oznake 'p'“, koji prikazuje da, bez obzira na to koliko hiljada oznaka „p“ može biti, nikada nećete dostići potpunu tišinu. To je moja trenutna definicija tišine - vrlo nejasan zvuk.
I'd like to share a little bit about the history of American Sign Language, ASL, plus a bit of my own background. French sign language was brought to America during the early 1800s, and as time went by, mixed with local signs, it evolved into the language we know today as ASL. So it has a history of about 200 years.
Želela bih da podelim ponešto o istoriji američkog znakovnog jezika, ASL-a, i još ponešto o mom poreklu. Francuski znakovni jezik je donet u Ameriku tokom ranog 19. veka, a kako je vreme prolazilo, pomešan za lokalnim znacima, razvio se u jezik koji danas prepoznajemo kao ASL. Dakle, ima istoriju od oko 200 godina.
I was born deaf, and I was taught to believe that sound wasn't a part of my life. And I believed it to be true. Yet, I realize now that that wasn't the case at all. Sound was very much a part of my life, really, on my mind every day. As a Deaf person living in a world of sound, it's as if I was living in a foreign country, blindly following its rules, customs, behaviors and norms without ever questioning them.
Rođena sam gluva i učili su me da verujem da zvuk nije deo mog života. Verovala sam da je to istina. Ipak, sada shvatam da uopšte nije bilo tako. Zvuk je poprilično bio deo mog života, zaista, svakodnevno mi je bio na pameti. Kao gluva osoba koja živi u svetu zvuka, to je kao da živim u stranoj zemlji, slepo sledeći njena pravila, običaje, ponašanja i norme, nikada ih ne preispitujući.
So how is it that I understand sound? Well, I watch how people behave and respond to sound. You people are like my loudspeakers, and amplify sound. I learn and mirror that behavior. At the same time, I've learned that I create sound, and I've seen how people respond to me. Thus I've learned, for example ... "Don't slam the door!" "Don't make too much noise when you're eating from the potato-chip bag!"
Kako to da ja razumem zvuk? Pa, posmatram kako se ljudi ponašaju i reaguju na zvuk. Vi ste kao moji zvučnici i pojačivači zvuka. Učim i podražavam to ponašanje. Istovremeno sam saznala da stvaram zvuk i videla sam kako ljudi reaguju na mene. Tako sam naučila, na primer, „Ne lupaj vratima!“ „Ne pravi toliko buke kada jedeš čips iz kesice!“
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
"Don't burp, and when you're eating, make sure you don't scrape your utensils on the plate." All of these things I term "sound etiquette." Maybe I think about sound etiquette more than the average hearing person does. I'm hyper-vigilant around sound. And I'm always waiting in eager nervous anticipation around sound, about what's to come next.
„Ne podriguj, a kada jedeš, potrudi se da ne grebeš po tanjiru priborom za jelo.“ Sve te stvari označavam terminom „zvučni bonton“. Možda ja razmišljam o zvučnom bontonu više od prosečne osobe koja čuje. Hiperoprezna sam kada je zvuk u pitanju. Uvek nervozno i nestrpljivo iščekujem kada se radi o zvuku i onome što sledi.
Hence, this drawing. TBD, to be decided. TBC, to be continued. TBA, to be announced. And you notice the staff -- there are no notes contained in the lines. That's because the lines already contain sound through the subtle smudges and smears.
Otuda ovaj crtež. „TBD“ - odlučiće se. „TBC“ - nastaviće se. „TBA“ - najaviće se. Primećujete linije - nema nota na linijama. To je zbog toga što je zvuk već prisutan na linijama kroz suptilne mrlje i obrise.
In Deaf culture, movement is equivalent to sound. This is a sign for "staff" in ASL. A typical staff contains five lines. Yet for me, signing it with my thumb sticking up like that doesn't feel natural. That's why you'll notice in my drawings, I stick to four lines on paper.
U kulturi gluvih, pokret je jednak zvuku. Ovo je znak za „notni sistem“ u ASL jeziku. Tipičan notni sistem sadrži pet linija. Ipak, za mene, njegovo označavanje sa palcem koji ovako viri ne deluje prirodno. Zato ćete primetiti na mojim crtežima da se pridržavam četiri linije na papiru.
In the year 2008, I had the opportunity to travel to Berlin, Germany, for an artist residency there. Prior to this time, I had been working as a painter. During this summer, I visited different museums and gallery spaces, and as I went from one place to the next, I noticed there was no visual art there. At that time, sound was trending, and this struck me ... there was no visual art, everything was auditory.
Godine 2008, imala sam priliku da putujem u Berlin u Nemačkoj, da bih boravila tamo kao umetnik. Pre toga sam radila kao slikar. Tokom ovog leta, posećivala sam razne muzeje i galerijske prostore, a kako sam išla od jednog do drugog mesta, primetila sam da tamo nema vizuelne umetnosti. U to vreme, zvuk je bio u trendu i to me je zapanjilo. Nije bilo vizuelne umetnosti; sve je bilo auditivno.
Now sound has come into my art territory. Is it going to further distance me from art? I realized that doesn't have to be the case at all. I actually know sound. I know it so well that it doesn't have to be something just experienced through the ears. It could be felt tactually, or experienced as a visual, or even as an idea.
Sada je zvuk zašao u moju umetničku teritoriju. Da li će me to udaljiti od umetnosti? Shvatila sam da ne mora da bude tako. Ja zapravo poznajem zvuk. Poznajem ga tako dobro da on ne mora da bude nešto što se doživljava samo kroz uši. Može se osetiti dodirom, ili iskusiti kroz vid, ili čak i kao ideja.
So I decided to reclaim ownership of sound and to put it into my art practice. And everything that I had been taught regarding sound, I decided to do away with and unlearn. I started creating a new body of work. And when I presented this to the art community, I was blown away with the amount of support and attention I received. I realized: sound is like money, power, control -- social currency. In the back of my mind, I've always felt that sound was your thing, a hearing person's thing. And sound is so powerful that it could either disempower me and my artwork, or it could empower me. I chose to be empowered.
Stoga sam odlučila da povratim vlasništvo nad zvukom i unesem ga u svoju umetničku praksu. Sve čemu su me učili u vezi sa zvukom rešila sam da odstranim i zaboravim. Započela sam sa stvaranjem novog opusa. Kada sam ovo predstavila umetničkoj zajednici, bila sam zapanjena količinom podrške i pažnje koju sam dobila. Shvatila sam: zvuk je poput novca, moći, kontrole - društvena valuta. Negde u sebi sam uvek mislila da je zvuk nešto vaše, nešto što pripada osobi koja čuje. A zvuk je tako moćan da može ili da onesposobi mene i moje umetničko delo, ili da me osnaži. Izabrala sam da budem osnažena.
There's a massive culture around spoken language. And just because I don't use my literal voice to communicate, in society's eyes it's as if I don't have a voice at all. So I need to work with individuals who can support me as an equal and become my voice. And that way, I'm able to maintain relevancy in society today.
Postoji ogromna kultura vezana za govorni jezik, a samo zato što ne koristim svoj glas u bukvalnom smislu da bih komunicirala, u očima društva, to je kao da uopšte nemam glas. Zato moram da radim sa pojedincima koji mogu da me podrže kao jednaku njima i da postanem svoj glas. Na taj način mogu da ostanem od značaja u današnjem svetu.
So at school, at work and institutions, I work with many different ASL interpreters. And their voice becomes my voice and identity. They help me to be heard. And their voices hold value and currency. Ironically, by borrowing out their voices, I'm able to maintain a temporary form of currency, kind of like taking out a loan with a very high interest rate. If I didn't continue this practice, I feel that I could just fade off into oblivion and not maintain any form of social currency.
U školi, na poslu i u ustanovama radim sa mnogo različitih prevodilaca za ASL. Njihov glas postaje moj glas i identitet. Oni pomažu da se čujem, a njihovi glasovi imaju vrednost i valutu. Ironično, pozajmljujući njihove glasove, mogu da održavam privremeni oblik valute, kao da uzimam kredit sa veoma visokom kamatnom stopom. Kad ne bih nastavila sa tom praksom, osećam da bih samo nestala u zaboravu i ne bih očuvala nikakvu društvenu valutu.
So with sound as my new art medium, I delved into the world of music. And I was surprised to see the similarities between music and ASL. For example, a musical note cannot be fully captured and expressed on paper. And the same holds true for a concept in ASL. They're both highly spatial and highly inflected -- meaning that subtle changes can affect the entire meaning of both signs and sounds.
Tako sam, uz zvuk kao moj novi umetnički kanal, utonula u svet muzike. Iznenadila sam se kada sam videla sličnosti između muzike i ASL-a. Na primer, muzička nota ne može se potpuno uhvatiti i izraziti na papiru. Isto važi i za pojam u ASL-u. Oba su izuzetno prostorna i promenljiva, što znači da suptilne promene mogu uticati na celokupno značenje i znakova i zvukova.
I'd like to share with you a piano metaphor, to have you have a better understanding of how ASL works. So, envision a piano. ASL is broken down into many different grammatical parameters. If you assign a different parameter to each finger as you play the piano -- such as facial expression, body movement, speed, hand shape and so on, as you play the piano -- English is a linear language, as if one key is being pressed at a time. However, ASL is more like a chord -- all 10 fingers need to come down simultaneously to express a clear concept or idea in ASL. If just one of those keys were to change the chord, it would create a completely different meaning. The same applies to music in regards to pitch, tone and volume. In ASL, by playing around with these different grammatical parameters, you can express different ideas.
Htela bih da podelim sa vama klavirsku metaforu, kako biste bolje razumeli kako ASL funkcioniše. Dakle, zamislite klavir. ASL je podeljen na mnogo različitih gramatičkih parametara. Ako dodelite različit parametar svakom prstu dok svirate klavir, kao što je izraz lica, telesni pokret, brzina, oblik ruke i tako dalje, dok svirate klavir - engleski je linearni jezik, kao da se pritišće jedna po jedna dirka. Međutim, ASL je sličniji akordu - svih 10 prstiju moraju da sadejstvuju uporedo da bi izrazili jasan pojam ili ideju u ASL-u. Kada bi samo jedna od tih dirki promenila akord, to bi stvorilo potpuno različito značenje. Isto važi za muziku u pogledu visine, tona i jačine. U ASL-u, igrajući se sa tim različitim gramatičkim parametrima, možete izraziti različite ideje.
For example, take the sign TO-LOOK-AT. This is the sign TO-LOOK-AT. I'm looking at you. Staring at you.
Na primer, uzmite znak „gledati“. Ovo je znak za „gledati“. Gledam vas. Zurim u vas.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Oh -- busted.
O - uhvaćeni.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Uh-oh. What are you looking at? Aw, stop.
O-o. U šta gledate? O, prestani.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I then started thinking, "What if I was to look at ASL through a musical lens?" If I was to create a sign and repeat it over and over, it could become like a piece of visual music. For example, this is the sign for "day," as the sun rises and sets. This is "all day." If I was to repeat it and slow it down, visually it looks like a piece of music. All ... day. I feel the same holds true for "all night." "All night." This is ALL-NIGHT, represented in this drawing. And this led me to thinking about three different kinds of nights: "last night," "overnight," (Sings) "all night long."
Potom sam počela da razmišljam: „Šta ako bih posmatrala ASL kroz muzičku perspektivu?“ Kada bih stvorila znak i ponavljala ga iznova i iznova, on bi postao poput dela vizuelne muzike. Na primer, ovo je znak za „dan“, dok sunce izlazi i zalazi. Ovo je „ceo dan“. Ako bih to ponovila i usporila, to vizuelno izgleda kao muzički komad. Ceo... dan. Mislim da isto važi i za „celu noć“. „Cela noć.“ Ovo je „cela noć“, predstavljena na ovom crtežu. Ovo me je navelo na razmišljanje o tri različite vrste noći: „prošla noć“, „preko noći“, (Peva) „tokom cele noći“.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I feel like the third one has a lot more musicality than the other two.
Mislim da u trećem ima mnogo više muzikalnosti nego u druga dva.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
This represents how time is expressed in ASL and how the distance from your body can express the changes in time. For example, 1H is one hand, 2H is two hand, present tense happens closest and in front of the body, future is in front of the body and the past is to your back. So, the first example is "a long time ago." Then "past," "used to" and the last one, which is my favorite, with the very romantic and dramatic notion to it, "once upon a time."
Ovo predstavlja kako se vreme izražava u ASL-u i kako udaljenost od vašeg tela može da izrazi promene u vremenu. Na primer, 1 sat je jedna ruka, 2 sata su dve ruke, sadašnje vreme se dešava najbliže i ispred tela, budućnost je ispred tela, a prošlost vam je za leđima. Dakle, prvi primer je „odavno“. Zatim „prošlost“, „nekada je bilo“ i poslednji, moj omiljeni, sa vrlo romantičnom i dramatičnom konotacijom, „nekada davno“.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
"Common time" is a musical term with a specific time signature of four beats per measure. Yet when I see the word "common time," what automatically comes to mind for me is "at the same time." So notice RH: right hand, LH: left hand. We have the staff across the head and the chest.
„Četvoročetvrtinski takt“ je muzički termin sa specifičnom promenom takta od četiri otkucaja po taktu. Ipak, kada vidim „četvoročetvrtinski takt“, automatski mi je na pameti „u isto vreme“. Dakle, obratite pažnju na RH: desna ruka, LH: leva ruka. Imamo notni sistem preko glave i grudi.
[Head: RH, Flash claw]
[Glava: RH, brza kandža]
[Common time]
[Četvoročetvrtinski takt]
[Chest: LH, Flash claw]
[Grudi: LH, brza kandža]
I'm now going to demonstrate a hand shape called the "flash claw." Can you please follow along with me? Everybody, hands up. Now we're going to do it in both the head and the chest, kind of like "common time" or at the same time. Yes, got it. That means "to fall in love" in International [Sign].
Sada ću demonstrirati obllik ruke zvani „brza kandža“. Možete li da me pratite, molim vas? Svi podignite ruke. Sada ćemo to uraditi ujedno na glavi i grudima, kao „četvoročetvrtinski takt“ ili istovremeno. Da, shvatate. To znači „zaljubiti se“ na internacionalnom znakovnom jeziku.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
International [Sign], as a note, is a visual tool to help communicate across cultures and sign languages around the world.
Internacionalni znakovni jezik, kao nota, je vizuelno sredstvo koje pomaže u komunikaciji širom kultura i znakovnih jezika celog sveta.
The second one I'd like to demonstrate is this -- please follow along with me again. And now this. This is "colonization" in ASL.
Drugo što bih htela da demonstriram je ovo. Molim vas da me ponovo pratite. A sada ovo. To je „kolonizacija“ na ASL-u.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Now the third -- please follow along again. And again. This is "enlightenment" in ASL. So let's do all three together. "Fall in love," "colonization" and "enlightenment." Good job, everyone.
Sada treće - molim vas da ponovo pratite. I opet. To je „prosvetljenje“ na ASL-u. Hajde da uradimo sva tri zajedno. „Zaljubiti se“, „kolonizacija“ i „prosvetljenje“. Odlično ste to obavili.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Notice how all three signs are very similar, they all happen at the head and the chest, but they convey quite different meanings.
Obratite pažnju kako su sva tri znaka vrlo slična, svi se odvijaju na glavi i grudima, ali prenose sasvim različita značenja.
So it's amazing to see how ASL is alive and thriving, just like music is. However, in this day and age, we live in a very audio-centric world. And just because ASL has no sound to it, it automatically holds no social currency. We need to start thinking harder about what defines social currency and allow ASL to develop its own form of currency -- without sound. And this could possibly be a step to lead to a more inclusive society. And maybe people will understand that you don't need to be deaf to learn ASL, nor do you have to be hearing to learn music.
Sjajno je videti da je ASL živ i napredan, baš kao i muzika. Međutim, u današnje vreme živimo u vrlo audiocentričnom svetu, a samo zato što ASL nema zvuk u sebi, automatski nema nikakvu društvenu valutu. Moramo da počnemo da više razmišljamo o tome šta definiše društvenu valutu i omogućimo ASL-u da razvije sopstveni oblik valute bez zvuka. To bi mogao biti korak koji bi vodio ka inkluzivnijem društvu. Možda će ljudi shvatiti da ne morate biti gluvi da biste naučili ASL, niti morate da čujete da biste naučili muziku.
ASL is such a rich treasure that I'd like you to have the same experience. And I'd like to invite you to open your ears, to open your eyes, take part in our culture and experience our visual language. And you never know, you might just fall in love with us.
ASL je tako bogata riznica da bih volela da imate isto iskustvo i želela bih da vas pozovem da načuljite uši, da otvorite oči, učestvujete u našoj kulturi i iskusite naš vizuelni jezik. I nikad se ne zna, možda se i zaljubite u nas.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Thank you.
Hvala.
Denise Kahler-Braaten: Hey, that's me.
Deniz Kaler-Braten: Hej, to sam ja.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)