So, a few years ago I heard an interesting rumor. Apparently, the head of a large pet food company would go into the annual shareholder's meeting with can of dog food. And he would eat the can of dog food. And this was his way of convincing them that if it was good enough for him, it was good enough for their pets. This strategy is now known as "dogfooding," and it's a common strategy in the business world. It doesn't mean everyone goes in and eats dog food, but businesspeople will use their own products to demonstrate that they feel -- that they're confident in them. Now, this is a widespread practice, but I think what's really interesting is when you find exceptions to this rule, when you find cases of businesses or people in businesses who don't use their own products. Turns out there's one industry where this happens in a common way, in a pretty regular way, and that is the screen-based tech industry.
Beberapa tahun lalu aku mendengar gosip menarik. Konon, pimpinan perusahaan makanan hewan piaraan pergi ke pertemuan tahunan pemegang saham dengan sekaleng makanan hewan. Ia lalu memakan makanan anjing tersebut. Ini caranya meyakinkan orang, jika produk itu baik untuknya, begitu juga untuk peliharaan mereka. Strategi ini sekarang dikenal sebagai ”makanan anjing”, dan ini strategi umum di dunia bisnis. Tak berarti semua orang mau memakan makanan anjing, tetapi para pebisnis akan memakai produk mereka untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka yakin akan produk mereka. Ini adalah praktik yang umum dilakukan, tetapi menariknya, ada pengecualian dari praktik ini. Saat Anda menemukan pelaku bisnis yang tidak memakai produknya sendiri. Ternyata, ada satu industri di mana hal ini lazim, dan umum terjadi, yaitu industri teknologi berbasis-layar.
So, in 2010, Steve Jobs, when he was releasing the iPad, described the iPad as a device that was "extraordinary." "The best browsing experience you've ever had; way better than a laptop, way better than a smartphone. It's an incredible experience." A couple of months later, he was approached by a journalist from the New York Times, and they had a long phone call. At the end of the call, the journalist threw in a question that seemed like a sort of softball. He said to him, "Your kids must love the iPad." There's an obvious answer to this, but what Jobs said really staggered the journalist. He was very surprised, because he said, "They haven't used it. We limit how much technology our kids use at home."
Pada tahun 2010, ketika Steve Jobs merilis iPad, ia memaparkan iPad sebagai gawai yang “luar biasa.” “Pengalaman menjelajah dunia maya terbaik; lebih baik dari laptop, lebih baik dari ponsel pintar. Pengalaman yang istimewa.” Beberapa bulan kemudian, seorang wartawan dari New York Times mendekatinya, dan mereka berbincang lama di telepon. Di akhir pembicaraan, wartawan itu melempar pertanyaan ringan. Ia berkata, “Anak-anakmu pasti suka iPad.” Tentu jawabannya sudah jelas, tetapi ucapan Jobs mengagetkan sang wartawan. Ia terkejut, karena Jobs menjawab, “Mereka belum memakainya. Di rumah, kami membatasi penggunaan gawai oleh anak kami.”
This is a very common thing in the tech world. In fact, there's a school quite near Silicon Valley called the Waldorf School of the Peninsula, and they don't introduce screens until the eighth grade. What's really interesting about the school is that 75 percent of the kids who go there have parents who are high-level Silicon Valley tech execs. So when I heard about this, I thought it was interesting and surprising, and it pushed me to consider what screens were doing to me and to my family and the people I loved, and to people at large.
Ini adalah hal biasa terjadi di dunia teknologi. Faktanya, terdapat sekolah di dekat Silicon Valley bernama Waldorf School of the Peninsula, dan mereka tak memperkenalkan gawai hingga kelas delapan. Yang menarik dari sekolah ini adalah 75% siswa di sana adalah anak dari para eksekutif tingkat atas Silicon Valley. Ketika mengetahuinya, kupikir hal ini menarik dan mengejutkan, dan mendorongku untuk menimbang apa pengaruh gawai untukku dan pada keluarga serta orang tercinta, dan pada masyarakat luas.
So for the last five years, as a professor of business and psychology, I've been studying the effect of screens on our lives. And I want to start by just focusing on how much time they take from us, and then we can talk about what that time looks like. What I'm showing you here is the average 24-hour workday at three different points in history: 2007 -- 10 years ago -- 2015 and then data that I collected, actually, only last week. And a lot of things haven't changed all that much. We sleep roughly seven-and-a-half to eight hours a day; some people say that's declined slightly, but it hasn't changed much. We work eight-and-a-half to nine hours a day. We engage in survival activities -- these are things like eating and bathing and looking after kids -- about three hours a day.
Maka, lima tahun terakhir ini, sebagai profesor bisnis dan psikologi, aku mempelajari efek gawai pada hidup kita. Aku mulai dengan fokus pada berapa banyak waktu tersita dari kita, lalu kita bisa bicara tentang bagaimana wujudnya. Berikut ini adalah gambaran umum 24 jam di hari kerja pada tiga era dalam sejarah: 2007 -- 10 tahun lalu -- 2015 lalu data yang baru terkumpul minggu lalu. Kebanyakan hal belum terlalu banyak berubah. Kita tidur tujuh-setengah hingga delapan jam per hari; sebagian bilang jam tidurnya sedikit berkurang, tapi tak banyak. Kita bekerja delapan-setengah hingga sembilan jam sehari. Kita berusaha bertahan hidup -- kegiatan seperti makan, mandi, dan mengurus anak -- sekitar tiga jam sehari.
That leaves this white space. That's our personal time. That space is incredibly important to us. That's the space where we do things that make us individuals. That's where hobbies happen, where we have close relationships, where we really think about our lives, where we get creative, where we zoom back and try to work out whether our lives have been meaningful. We get some of that from work as well, but when people look back on their lives and wonder what their lives have been like at the end of their lives, you look at the last things they say -- they are talking about those moments that happen in that white personal space. So it's sacred; it's important to us.
Yang tersisa bagian putih ini. Itulah waktu pribadi kita. Waktu pribadi sangat penting bagi kita. Itu adalah waktu kita melakukan hal yang membentuk pribadi. Waktu untuk mengerjakan hobi, menjalin hubungan dekat, waktu untuk merenungi hidup, waktu untuk berkreasi, di mana kita menengok ke belakang, lalu memikirkan makna hidup kita. Kita juga mendapatnya dari pekerjaan, tapi ketika orang melihat hidup mereka dan berpikir tentang hidup yang dijalani di akhir hayat mereka, Anda lihat kalimat terakhir mereka, mereka bicara tentang momen di kotak putih pribadi. Jadi, itu sakral, itu penting bagi kita.
Now, what I'm going to do is show you how much of that space is taken up by screens across time. In 2007, this much. That was the year that Apple introduced the first iPhone. Eight years later, this much. Now, this much. That's how much time we spend of that free time in front of our screens. This yellow area, this thin sliver, is where the magic happens. That's where your humanity lives. And right now, it's in a very small box.
Sekarang, saya ingin memperlihatkan berapa banyak waktu yang tersita oleh gawai sepanjang sejarah. Pada 2007, sebanyak ini. Ini tahun di mana Apple pertama kali memperkenalkan iPhone. Delapan tahun kemudian, sebanyak ini. Sekarang, sebanyak ini. Sebanyak itulah waktu kosong kita dihabiskan di depan layar. Area kuning tipis ini adalah tempat keajaiban terjadi. Di sini letak kemanusiawian kita. Kini ia di dalam kotak yang sempit.
So what do we do about this? Well, the first question is: What does that red space look like? Now, of course, screens are miraculous in a lot of ways. I live in New York, a lot of my family lives in Australia, and I have a one-year-old son. The way I've been able to introduce them to him is with screens. I couldn't have done that 15 or 20 years ago in quite the same way. So there's a lot of good that comes from them.
Apa yang harus kita lakukan? Pertanyaan pertama adalah: Terlihat seperti apa area merah itu? Tentu, gawai memang suatu keajaiban dalam banyak hal. Aku tinggal di New York, sebagian keluargaku tinggal di Australia, dan anakku berusia setahun. Aku bisa memperkenalkan anakku pada mereka melalui gawai. 15 atau 20 tahun lalu, hal seperti ini tak mungkin terjadi. Maka, gawai memiliki banyak hal positif.
One thing you can do is ask yourself: What goes on during that time? How enriching are the apps that we're using? And some are enriching. If you stop people while they're using them and say, "Tell us how you feel right now," they say they feel pretty good about these apps -- those that focus on relaxation, exercise, weather, reading, education and health. They spend an average of nine minutes a day on each of these. These apps make them much less happy. About half the people, when you interrupt them and say, "How do you feel?" say they don't feel good about using them. What's interesting about these -- dating, social networking, gaming, entertainment, news, web browsing -- people spend 27 minutes a day on each of these. We're spending three times longer on the apps that don't make us happy. That doesn't seem very wise.
Kita bisa bertanya pada diri sendiri: Apa yang terjadi pada waktu itu? Seberapa berfaedah aplikasi yang kita gunakan? Beberapa memang berfaedah. Jika Anda bertanya pada penggunanya, “Apa yang Anda rasakan sekarang,” mereka berkata mereka puas dengan aplikasi ini -- aplikasi yang berfokus pada relaksasi, olahraga, cuaca, bacaan, pendidikan dan kesehatan. Rata-rata mereka memakai 9 menit per hari untuk aplikasi di atas. Aplikasi tersebut membuat mereka kurang bahagia. Ketika Anda tiba-tiba bertanya pada sebagian orang, “Bagaimana perasaanmu?” mereka berkata tak nyaman memakainya. Hal yang menarik seperti ini -- kencan, jejaring sosial, gim, hiburan, berita, jelajah web -- mereka memakai 27 menit per hari untuk aplikasi ini. Kita menghabiskan waktu 3 kali lebih lama untuk aplikasi yang tak membahagiakan. Terlihat kurang bijak, bukan?
One of the reasons we spend so much time on these apps that make us unhappy is they rob us of stopping cues. Stopping cues were everywhere in the 20th century. They were baked into everything we did. A stopping cue is basically a signal that it's time to move on, to do something new, to do something different. And -- think about newspapers; eventually you get to the end, you fold the newspaper away, you put it aside. The same with magazines, books -- you get to the end of a chapter, prompts you to consider whether you want to continue. You watched a show on TV, eventually the show would end, and then you'd have a week until the next one came. There were stopping cues everywhere. But the way we consume media today is such that there are no stopping cues. The news feed just rolls on, and everything's bottomless: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, email, text messaging, the news. And when you do check all sorts of other sources, you can just keep going on and on and on.
Salah satu alasan kita membuang waktu untuk aplikasi yang tak membahagiakan ialah tiadanya isyarat berhenti. Isyarat berhenti ada di mana-mana di abad ke-20. Tersemat pada apapun yang kita lakukan. Isyarat berhenti adalah sinyal bahwa inilah waktu untuk beranjak, melakukan sesuatu yang baru dan berbeda. Dan -- pikirkan sebuah koran; suatu saat akan berakhir, Anda melipat koran, menyisihkannya. Hal yang sama pada majalah dan buku, Anda akan tiba di akhir bab, membuat Anda mempertimbangkan untuk melanjutkannya. Anda menonton acara TV yang suatu saat akan berakhir, dan menunggu seminggu untuk episode selanjutnya. Isyarat berhenti ada di mana-mana. Namun, tak ada isyarat berhenti saat kita mengonsumsi media saat ini. Berita mengalir tanpa henti, dan segalanya tak berujung: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, surel, pesan singkat, berita. Ketika Anda mengecek sumber lain, Anda akan terus melanjutkannya, lagi dan lagi.
So, we can get a cue about what to do from Western Europe, where they seem to have a number of pretty good ideas in the workplace. Here's one example. This is a Dutch design firm. And what they've done is rigged the desks to the ceiling. And at 6pm every day, it doesn't matter who you're emailing or what you're doing, the desks rise to the ceiling.
Mencontoh dari Eropa Barat, kita bisa tahu apa yang harus dilakukan, mereka memiliki beberapa ide di tempat kerja yang menarik. Inilah contohnya. Sebuah studio desain Belanda. Ini yang mereka lakukan, mengaitkan meja ke plafon Setiap jam 6 sore, tak peduli sedang apa atau siapa yang Anda kirimi surel, meja akan terangkat ke plafon.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
(Applause)
(Tepuk tangan)
Four days a week, the space turns into a yoga studio, one day a week, into a dance club. It's really up to you which ones you stick around for. But this is a great stopping rule, because it means at the end of the day, everything stops, there's no way to work. At Daimler, the German car company, they've got another great strategy. When you go on vacation, instead of saying, "This person's on vacation, they'll get back to you eventually," they say, "This person's on vacation, so we've deleted your email. This person will never see the email you just sent."
Empat hari dalam seminggu, ruangan ini menjadi studio yoga, seminggu sekali, menjadi klub dansa. Terserah Anda mau mengikuti yang mana. Inilah isyarat berhenti yang baik, karena saat jam kerja berakhir, semua berhenti, tak mungkin terus bekerja. Daimler, perusahaan otomotif Jerman, memiliki strategi lain yang baik. Saat Anda mengambil cuti, alih-alih berkata, “Karyawan ini sedang cuti, kami akan menghubungi Anda kembali,” mereka berkata, “Karyawan ini sedang cuti, surel Anda akan terhapus. Yang bersangkutan tak akan membaca surel Anda.”
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
"You can email back in a couple of weeks, or you can email someone else."
“Anda dapat mengirim surel beberapa minggu lagi, atau hubungilah orang lain.”
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
And so --
Maka --
(Applause)
(Tepuk tangan)
You can imagine what that's like. You go on vacation, and you're actually on vacation. The people who work at this company feel that they actually get a break from work.
Dapat Anda bayangkan seperti apa. Anda mengambil cuti, dan benar-benar berlibur. Para karyawan perusahaan ini merasa bahwa mereka mendapat rehat dari pekerjaan.
But of course, that doesn't tell us much about what we should do at home in our own lives, so I want to make some suggestions. It's easy to say, between 5 and 6pm, I'm going to not use my phone. The problem is, 5 and 6pm looks different on different days. I think a far better strategy is to say, I do certain things every day, there are certain occasions that happen every day, like eating dinner. Sometimes I'll be alone, sometimes with other people, sometimes in a restaurant, sometimes at home, but the rule that I've adopted is: I will never use my phone at the table. It's far away, as far away as possible. Because we're really bad at resisting temptation. But when you have a stopping cue that, every time dinner begins, my phone goes far away, you avoid temptation all together.
Tentu saja, itu belum memberi tahu yang harus kita lakukan di rumah, maka aku ingin memberi saran. Mudah untuk berkata, aku tak memakai ponsel jam 5-6 sore. Masalahnya, kondisi jam 5-6 sore akan berbeda setiap harinya. Kupikir lebih tepat bila berkata, kukerjakan hal tertentu tiap hari, ada beberapa hal yang terjadi tiap hari, seperti makan malam. Kadang seorang diri, kadang bersama orang lain, kadang di restoran, kadang di rumah, namun ada satu aturan: aku tidak akan menggunakan ponsel di meja makan. Aku letakkan jauh-jauh, sejauh mungkin. Karena kita sulit menolak godaan. Ketika Anda punya tanda berhenti, setiap waktu makan malam, Anda jauhkan ponsel, Anda sekaligus menghindari godaan.
At first, it hurts. I had massive FOMO.
Awalnya terasa sulit. Saya takut ketinggalan tren.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
I struggled.
Saya kesulitan.
But what happens is, you get used to it. You overcome the withdrawal the same way you would from a drug, and what happens is, life becomes more colorful, richer, more interesting -- you have better conversations. You really connect with the people who are there with you. I think it's a fantastic strategy, and we know it works, because when people do this -- and I've tracked a lot of people who have tried this -- it expands. They feel so good about it, they start doing it for the first hour of the day in the morning. They start putting their phones on airplane mode on the weekend. That way, your phone remains a camera, but it's no longer a phone. It's a really powerful idea, and we know people feel much better about their lives when they do this.
Namun, Anda jadi makin terbiasa. Anda mengatasi ketagihan, seperti mengatasi kecanduan narkoba, dan akibatnya, hidup jadi makin berwarna, makin kaya, makin menarik -- Perbincangan jadi lebih menarik. Anda benar-benar terhubung dengan orang sekitar Anda. Kupikir itu strategi fantastis, kita tahu itu berhasil, karena jika dilakukan -- dan aku menelusuri orang-orang yang mencobanya -- hal ini akan meluas. Mereka merasa puas, ini adalah hal pertama yang mereka lakukan di pagi hari. Mereka mulai memakai mode non-aktif di akhir pekan. Kamera ponsel tetap terpakai, tapi kegunaan lain ponsel tak berfungsi. Ini adalah ide luar biasa, dan kita tahu mereka merasa hidupnya lebih baik saat melakukannya.
So what's the take home here? Screens are miraculous; I've already said that, and I feel that it's true. But the way we use them is a lot like driving down a really fast, long road, and you're in a car where the accelerator is mashed to the floor, it's kind of hard to reach the brake pedal. You've got a choice. You can either glide by, past, say, the beautiful ocean scenes and take snaps out the window -- that's the easy thing to do -- or you can go out of your way to move the car to the side of the road, to push that brake pedal, to get out, take off your shoes and socks, take a couple of steps onto the sand, feel what the sand feels like under your feet, walk to the ocean, and let the ocean lap at your ankles. Your life will be richer and more meaningful because you breathe in that experience, and because you've left your phone in the car.
Jadi, apa kesimpulannya? Aku pernah berkata, gawai memang menakjubkan; dan kupikir itu benar. Namun, cara kita menggunakan gawai seperti mengemudi di jalan tol dan akselerator ditekan sampai mentok, akan sulit untuk menginjak rem. Anda punya pilihan. Anda dapat melintas melewati panorama laut yang indah dan mengambil foto dari jendela -- hal yang mudah dilakukan -- atau Anda bisa melakukan usaha ekstra, menggerakkan mobil ke pinggir jalan, menginjak rem, keluar dari mobil, melepas kaus kaki dan sepatu, melangkah di atas pasir, merasakan sensasi pasir di kaki Anda, berjalan ke lautan, dan membiarkan ombak membasuh kaki. Hidup Anda akan lebih kaya dan bermakna karena Anda meresapi pengalaman itu, dan karena Anda meninggalkan ponsel di mobil.
Thank you.
Terima kasih.
(Applause)
(Tepuk tangan)