Zach Kaplan: Keith and I lead a research team. We investigate materials and technologies that have unexpected properties. Over the last three years, we found over 200 of these things, and so we looked back into our library and selected six we thought would be most surprising for TED. Of these six, the first one that we're going to talk about is in the black envelope you're holding. It comes from a company in Japan called GelTech. Now go ahead and open it up.
Zach Kaplan: Keith eta nik ikerketa talde bat zuzentzen dugu. Ezusteko propietateak dituzten material eta teknologiei buruz ikertzen dugu. Azken hiru urteetan 200 baino gehiago aurkitu ditugu, beraz, geure bilduman bilatu dugu eta 6 interesgarrienak hautatu ditugu TED-en erakusteko. Sei hauetatik erakutsiko dugun lehena eskuetan duzuen gutunazalean dago. GelTech izeneko konpainia batek egin du. Orain, aurrera, ireki ezazue!
Keith Schacht: Now be sure and take the two pieces apart. What's unexpected about this is that it's soft, but it's also a strong magnet. Zach and I have always been fascinated observing unexpected things like this. We spent a long time thinking about why this is, and it's just recently that we realized: it's when we see something unexpected, it changes our understanding of the way things work. As you're seeing this gel magnet for the first time, if you assume that all magnets had to be hard, then seeing this surprised you and it changed your understanding of the way magnets could work.
Keith Schacht: Ziurtatu bi piezak banatuta daudela. Material honen ezusteko propietatea biguna dela eta aldi berean iman bat dela da. Zach eta ni beti harritu gaitu honen antzerako ezusteko gauzak ikusteak. Denbora asko egon ginen hau zergatik gertatzen den pentsatzen eta orain dela gutxi aurkitu genuen erantzuna: ezusteko zerbait ikusten dugunean horrek gauzak nola funtzionatzen duten ikusteko dugun era aldatzen du. Gel magnetiko hau lehenengo aldiz ikusten ari zaretenez, imanak gogorrak izan behar direla ulertzen baduzue, orduan hau ikusteak harritu egiten zaituzte eta imanen funtzionatzeko eraren ulermena aldatzen du.
ZK: Now, it's important to understand what the unexpected properties are. But to really think about the implications of what this makes possible, we found that it helps to think about how it could be applied in the world. So, a first idea is to use it on cabinet doors. If you line the sides of the cabinets using the gel material -- if a cabinet slams shut it wouldn't make a loud noise, and in addition the magnets would draw the cabinets closed. Imagine taking the same material, but putting it on the bottom of a sneaker. You know, this way you could go to the container store and buy one of those metal sheets that they hang on the back of your door, in your closet, and you could literally stick your shoes up instead of using a shelf. For me, I really love this idea. (Laughter) If you come to my apartment and see my closet, I'm sure you'd figure out why: it's a mess.
ZK: Eta garrantzitsua da esuzteko propietateak zeintzuk diren ulertzea. Benetan honek dituen inplikazio eta posibilitateak ezagutzean, egunero erabiltzeko funtzioak aurkitzea erabilgarria dela pentsatu genuen. Hala, lehenengo ideia armairuen ateetan erabiltzea da. Armairuaren aldeetan gel hau zabaltzen bada, bat-batean ixterakoan ez dute zaratarik egingo, eta, gainera, imanek armairuak itxita mantenduko dituzte. Imajinatu material bera zapatilen zoruetan jarrita. Badakizue! Honela burdindegira joan zinatekeen eta metal xafla horietako bat erosi, armairuaren atzeko aldean zintzilikatu eta zure zapatak pegatu ahal izango zenituzke apala erabili ordez. Nik benetan gustoko dut ideia hau. (Barreak) Nire apartamentua eta nire armairua ikusiko bazenute, ziur nago jakingo zenutela zergatik. Desastre hutsa da.
KS: Seeing the unexpected properties and then seeing a couple of applications -- it helps you see why this is significant, what the potential is. But we've found that the way we present our ideas it makes a big difference.
KS: Ezusteko propietateak eta pare bat aplikazio ikusteak zergatik den inportantea eta zein den bere potentziala ulertzera laguntzen du. Baina aurkitu dugu geure ideiak aurkezteko erak garrantzi handia duela.
ZK: It was like six months ago that Keith and I were out in L.A., and we were at Starbucks having coffee with Roman Coppola. He works on mostly music videos and commercials with his company, The Directors Bureau. As we were talking, Roman told us that he's kind of an inventor on the side. And we were showing him the same gel magnet that you're holding in your hand -- and you know, we shared the same ideas. And you could see it in his face: Roman starts to get really excited and he whips out this manila folder; he opens it up and Keith and I look in, and he starts showing us concepts that he's been working on. These things just get him really excited. And so we're looking at these concepts, and we were just like, whoa, this guy's good. Because the way that he presented the concept -- his approach was totally different than ours. He sold it to you as if it was for sale right now. When we were going in the car back to the airport, we were thinking: why was this so powerful? And as we thought about it more, we realized that it let you fill in all the details about the experience, just as if you saw it on TV. So, for TED we decided to take our favorite idea for the gel magnet and work with Roman and his team at the Directors Bureau to create a commercial for a product from the future.
ZK: Orain dela 6 hilabete Keith eta nik Los Angeles-en geuden Starbucks-en Roman Coppolarekin kafea hartzen. Bere konpainiak , The Directors Bureau, egiten dituen bideo musikalak eta komertzialak egiten du lan. Hitz egiten geudenean, Romanek esan zigun bera asmatzaile moduko bat dela. Orain zuen eskuetan duzuen gel magnetikoa erakusten ari ginen eta, badakizue! ideia berdinak genituen. Eta bere aurpegian ikusi ahal zen. Roman hunkituta gelditzen da ikustean eta karpeta bat ateratzen du. Irekitzen du eta Keith eta nik barruan begiratzen dugu, eta lan egiten ari den kontzeptu batzuk erakutsi zizkigun. Hau guztia benetan hunkitzen ditu. Eta guk begiratzen ideia horiek guztiak eta pentsatzen "gizon hau harrigarria da". Izan ere, beno, ideiak aurkezteko modua, bere bisioa guztiz desberdina zen gurearekiko. Merkatuan balego bezala erakusten zizun. Aireportura bueltatzean, pentsatzen genuen, beno, zergatik da hain boteretsua? Eta zenbat eta gehiago pentsatu, argiago genuen esperientziaren xehetasun guztiak sentitzen usten zizula telebistan ikusten egongo bazina bezala. Beraz, TED-entzako geure gel magnetikoaren ideiarik gustokoena ekartzea aukeratu genuen eta Roman eta bere taldearekin lan egitea "Directors Bureau"-en etorkizuneko produktu baten iragarkia egiteko.
Narrator: Do you have a need for speed? Inventables Water Adventures dares you to launch yourself on a magnetically-levitating board down a waterslide so fast, so tall, that when you hit the bottom, it uses brakes to stop. Aqua Rocket: coming this summer.
(Bideoa): Abiadura sentitu nahi duzu? "Ur Abentura Inbentagarriak" desafiatzen zaitu lebitazio magnetikoko txalupa baten gainean korrontean behera botatzera, hain azkar eta hain altu, behera iristean balaztak behar dituela gelditzeko. Aqua Rocket: uda honetan salgai.
KS: Now, we showed the concept to a few people before this, and they asked us, when's it coming out? So I just wanted to let you know, it's not actually coming out, just the concept is.
KS: Ongi, ideia hau beste hainbat pertsonari erakutsi genien hona etorri baino lehen eta noiz egongo den salgai galdetu ziguten. Beraz esan behar dizuet ez dagoela benetan salgai, ideia bat besterik ez da.
ZK: So now, when we dream up these concepts, it's important for us to make sure that they work from a technical standpoint. So I just want to quickly explain how this would work. This is the magnetically-levitating board that they mentioned in the commercial. The gel that you're holding would be lining the bottom of the board. Now this is important for two reasons. One: the soft properties of the magnet that make it so that, if it were to hit the rider in the head, it wouldn't injure him. In addition, you can see from the diagram on the right, the underpart of the slide would be an electromagnet. So this would actually repel the rider a little bit as you're going down. The force of the water rushing down, in addition to that repulsion force, would make this slide go faster than any slide on the market. It's because of this that you need the magnetic braking system. When you get to the very bottom of the slide -- (Laughter) -- the rider passes through an aluminum tube. And I'm going to kick it to Keith to explain why that's important from a technical standpoint.
ZK: Diseinu hauetako batekin amets egiten dugunean, ziurtatu behar dugu funtzionatzen dutela ikuspuntu tekniko batetik. Beraz, ziztu-bizian azalduko dut hau nola funtzionatzen duen. Hau da iragarkian agertzen den lebitazio magnetikoko taula. Zuek duzuen gela taularen azpiko aldea estal lezake. Hau bi arrazoiengatik da garrantzitsua. Bat, imanaren biguntasuna egiten du taula gainean doanari min ez egitea. Gainera, eskuineko diagraman ikusten den bezala, txirristaren behekaldea elektroimana izan daiteke. Beraz, hau korrikalaria gehiago aldendu dezake behera doan heinean. Erortzen den uraren indarra eta aldenketa hau, egingo lukete txirrista hau merkatuko azkarrena izatea. Horregatik behar da balazta sistema magnetikoa. Txirristaren amaierara ailegatzean, (Barreak) korrikalaria aluminio tutu batetik pasatzen da. Eta Keith-ek segituko du berak azaltzeko zergatik den garrantzitsua ikuspuntu tekniko batetik.
KS: So I'm sure all you engineers know that even though aluminum is a metal, it's not a magnetic material. But something unexpected happens when you drop a magnet down an aluminum tube. So we set up a quick experiment here to show that to you. (Laughter) Now, you see the magnet fell really slowly. Now, I'm not going to get into the physics of it, but all you need to know is that the faster the magnet's falling, the greater the stopping force.
KS: Ziur nago ingeniari guztiek dakitela aluminioa, metal bat izanda, ez dela magnetikoa. Baina ezuzteko zerbait gertatzen da iman bat aluminio tutu batetik erortzen uzten dugunean. Esperimentu azkar bat prestatu dugu azaltzeko. (Barreak) Beno, ikusten duzue imana oso mantso erortzen dela. Beno, ez naiz arrazoi fisikoetan sartuko, jakin behar dugun guztia da, imana geroz eta azkarrago erortzean, balaztaketa indarra handiagoa da.
ZK: Now, our next technology is actually a 10-foot pole, and I have it right here in my pocket. (Laughter) There're a few different versions of it. (Laughter) KS: Some of them automatically unroll like this one. They can be made to automatically roll up, or they can be made stable, like Zach's, to hold any position in between.
ZK: Ongi, geure hurrengo berrikuntza teknologikoa 3 metroko makil bat da, eta hementxe daukat, neure poltsikoan. (Barreak) Bertsio ezberdinak daude. (Barreak) KS: Batzuk automatikoki irekitzen dira, hauxe bezala. Automatikoki irekitzeko edo iraunkorrak egin daitezke, Zach-ena bezala, edozein luzeera izateko.
ZK: As we were talking to the vendor -- to try to learn about how you could apply these, or how they're being applied currently -- he was telling us that, in the military they use this one so soldiers can keep it on their chests -- very concealed -- and then, when they're out on the field, erect it as an antenna to clearly send signals back to the base. In our brainstorms, we came up with the idea you could use it for a soccer goal: so at the end of the game, you just roll up the goal and put it in your gym bag. (Laughter)
ZK: Beno, saltzailearekin hizketan ari ginenean zertan erabiltzen ari diren jakiteko, esan zigun orain armadak erabiltzen duela, horrela bularrean ezkutatuta eraman dezakete eta, aire zabalean daudenean, ireki antena moduan erabiltzeko eta basera seinaleak bidaltzeko. Geure ideietan, bururatu zitzaigun futbol ate bezala erabiltzea, beraz, jokoa amaitzean, kiribildu egiten da eta poltsan zartzen da. (Barreak)
KS: Now, the interesting thing about this is, you don't have to be an engineer to appreciate why a 10-foot pole that can fit in your pocket is so interesting. (Laughter) So we decided to go out onto the streets of Chicago and ask a few people on the streets what they thought you could do with this.
KS: Beno, honen interesgarria da ez zarela ingeniaria izan behar nabaritzeko zergatik den hain interesgarria poltsikoan sartzen den 3 metroko makil bat. (Barreak) Beraz erabaki genuen Chicagoko kaleetara ateratzea eta galdetzea ea zer pentsatzen zuten egin daitekeela honekin.
Man: I clean my ceiling fans with that and I get the spider webs off my house -- I do it that way. Woman: I'd make my very own walking stick. Woman: I would create a ladder to use to get up on top of the tree. Woman: An olive server. Man: Some type of extension pole -- like what the painters use. Woman: I would make a spear that, when you went deep sea diving, you could catch the fish really fast, and then roll it back up, and you could swim easier ... Yeah. (Laughter)
(Bideoa): Sabaiko haizagailuak garbitu eta nire etxeko armiarma-sareak kenduko nituzke honekin. Bastoi bat egingo nuke. Eskailera bat egingo nuke zuhaitzera igotzeko. Olibentzako makiltxoa. Makil teleskopiko bat, margolariek erabiltzen dutena bezalakoa. Arpoi bat egingo nuke urpean ibiltzeko. Arrainak arin-arin harrapatu daiteke eta orduan kiribildu ekartzeko eta oso erraz egin daiteke, bai. (Barreak)
ZK: Now, for our next technology we're going to do a little demonstration, and so we need a volunteer from the audience. You sir, come on up. (Laughter) Come on up. Tell everybody your name.
ZK: Beno, geure hurrengo berrikuntzarako erakusketa bat egingo dugu, beraz boluntario bat behar dugu. Zuk, gizon. Igo zaitez. (Barreak) Igo. Esaiozu zeure izena jendeari.
Steve Jurvetson: Steve.
Steve Jurveston: Steve.
ZK: It's Steve. All right Steve, now, follow me. We need you to stand right in front of the TED sign. Right there. That's great. And hold onto this. Good luck to you. (Laughter)
ZK: Steve da. Ongi, Steve, jarrai nazazu. Zutik mantentzea behar dugu, TED hizkiaren aurrean. Hortxe bertan. Oso ongi. Eta hau eutsi. Zorte on. (Barreak)
KS: No, not yet. (Laughter)
KS: Ez, oraindik ez. (Barreak)
ZK: I'd just like to let you all know that this presentation has been brought to you by Target.
ZK: Esan nahiko nuke aurkezpen hau Target-i esker izan dela ahalezko.
KS: Little bit -- that's perfect, just perfect. Now, Zach, we're going to demonstrate a water gun fight from the future. (Laughter) So here, come on up to the front. All right, so now if you'll see here -- no, no, it's OK. So, describe to the audience the temperature of your shirt. Go ahead.
KS: Pixka bat gehiago -- hori da, oso ongi. Beno, Zach, etorkizuneko ur pistola borroka bat erakutsiko dugu. (Barreak) Hemen, etor zaitez aurrera. Ongi da, beraz orain hona ikusi -- ez, ez, perfektua da. Deskribatu ikusleei alkandoraren tenperatura. Aurrera.
SJ: It's cold.
SJ: Hotza dago.
KS: Now the reason it's cold is that's it's not actually water loaded into these squirt guns -- it's a dry liquid developed by 3M. It's perfectly clear, it's odorless, it's colorless. It's so safe you could drink this stuff. (Laughter) And the reason it feels cold is because it evaporates 25 times faster than water. (Laughter) All right, well thanks for coming up. (Laughter)
KS: Beno, hotza egotearen arrazoia pistola horietan ura ez dagoela da. 3M-k egindako likido bat dago. Guztiz gardena da, ez du usainik, ez kolorerik. Hain segurua da edan daitekeela. (Barreak) Eta hotza sentitzearen arrazoia likido hau ura baino 25 aldiz azkarrago lurruntzen dela da. (Barreak) Ongi da, eskerrik asko parte hartzeagatik. (Barreak)
ZK: Wait, wait, Steven -- before you go we filled this with the dry liquid so during the break you can shoot your friends. SJ: Excellent, thank you.
ZK: Itxaron, itxaron, Steven -- joan aurretik, likido lehorrarekin bete dugu hau, horrela, geldialdian zeure lagunei tiro egin diezaiokezu. SJ: Bikain, eskerrik asko.
KS: Thanks for coming up. Let's give him a big round of applause. (Applause)
KS: Eskerrik asko parte hartzeagatik. Txalo bero bat eman diezaiogun. (Txaloak)
So what's the significance of this dry liquid? Early versions of the fluid were actually used on a Cray Supercomputer. Now, the unexpected thing about this is that Zach could stand up on stage and drench a perfectly innocent member of the audience without any concern that we'd damage the electronics, that we'd get him wet, that we'd hurt the books or the computers. It works because it's non-conductive. So you can see here, you can immerse a whole circuit board in this and it wouldn't cause any damage. You can circulate it to draw the heat away. But today it's most widely used in office buildings -- in the sprinkler system -- as a fire-suppression fluid. Again, it's perfectly safe for people. It puts out the fires, doesn't hurt anything. But our favorite idea for this was using it in a basketball game. So during halftime, it could rain down on the players, cool everyone down, and in a matter of minutes it would dry. Wouldn't hurt the court.
Beraz, zein da likido lehor honen garrantzia? Fluidoaren bertsio zaharrak benetan erabili ziren Cray Superordenagailuan. Beno, honen ezustekoa da Zach eszenatokian ikusleetako norbait buzti dezakeela aparatu elektriko edo liburuak apurtu edo buztitzeaz kezkatu behar izan gabe. Eroalea ez delako funtzionatzen du. Honela, ikus dezakezuenez, zirkuitu inprimatu bat buzti daiteke honekin eta ez litzateke kalterik gertatuko. Beroa kentzeko erabili daiteke. Baina gaur bulego eraikinetan erabiltzen da gehiago-- suak itzaltzeko sistema bezala. Berriro ere, jendearentzat guztiz segurua da. Sua itzaltzen du eta ez du ezer kaltetzen. Baina gure ideiarik gustokoena saskibaloi partidu batean erabiltzea da. Honela, atsedenaldian jokalarien gainean euria egin ahalko luke, jende guztia freskatu, eta, minutu batzuetan lehortu egingo litzateke. Ez luke zorua kaltetuko.
ZK: Our next technology comes to us from a company in Japan called Sekisui Chemical. One of their R&D engineers was working on a way to make plastic stiffer. While he was doing this, he noticed an unexpected thing. We have a video to show you.
ZK: Geure hurrengo berrikuntza Japoniako konpainia baten eskutik datorkigu. Sekiusi Chemical du izena. I+G-ko ingeniarietako bat plastikoa zurrunagoa egiteko modua bilatzen ari zen. Egiten zuen bitartean, ezusteko zerbait aurkitu zuen. Bideo bat dugu hau erakusteko.
KS: So you see there, it didn't bounce back. Now, this was an unintended side effect of some experiments they were doing. It's technically called, "shape-retaining property." Now, think about your interactions with aluminum foil. Shape-retaining is common in metal: you bend a piece of aluminum foil, and it holds its place. Contrast that with a plastic garbage can -- and you can push in the sides and it always bounces back.
KS: Hemen ikusten duzuenez, ez du bere forma berrezkuratzen. Beno, egiten zuten esperimentu batzuen ezusteko ondorioa zen. Teknikoki "forma mantentzearen propietatea" deitzen da. Beno, pentsa dezagun aluminio xafla baten berdintasunetan. Forma mantentzea normala da metal batean. Aluminio xafla bat tolesten dugu eta forma hori mantentzen du. Aldiz, zaborrontzi bati aldeak presionatu ahal zaizkio eta beti berreskuratzen du bere forma.
ZK: For example, you could make a watch that wraps around your wrist, but doesn't use a buckle. Taking it a little further, if you wove those strips together -- kind of like a little basket -- you could make a shape-retaining sheet, and then you could embed it in a cloth: so you could make a picnic sheet that wraps around the table, so that way on a windy day it wouldn't blow away. For our next technology, it's hard to observe the unexpected property by itself, because it's an ink. So, we've prepared a video to show it applied to paper.
ZK: Adibidez, eskumuturra estatzen duen erloju bat egin daiteke belarririk erabili gabe. Urrutiago joanda, tira hauek ehundu egiten badira, otar baten moduan, forma mantentzen duen xafla bat egin daiteke, eta ehun batean jarri ahal izango zen eta mahaia eztaltzen duen picnic mahai-zapi bat egin daiteke, beraz, egun haizetsu batean ez doa dena hegan. Geure hurrengo berrikuntzarako zaila da propietateak bere kabuz ikustea tinta bat delako. Horregatik bideo bat prestatu dugu paperean aplikaturik erakusteko.
KS: As this paper is bending, the resistance of the ink changes. So with simple electronics, you can detect how much the page is being bent. Now, to think about the potential for this, think of all the places ink is supplied: on business cards, on the back of cereal boxes, board games. Any place you use ink, you could change the way you interact with it.
KS: Papera tolestean tintaren erresistentzia aldatu egiten da. Beraz, zirkuitu sinple batekin orria zenbat tolesten ari den jakin daiteke. Beno, honen erabilgarritasunean pentsatzeko, pentsatu tinta daukaten gauza guztietan. Txarteletan, zereal kaxetan, mahai jokoetan. Tintarekin jokatzeko modua alda daiteke tinta erabiltzen den edozein tokitan.
ZK: So my favorite idea for this is to apply the ink to a book. This could totally change the way that you interface with paper. You see the dark line on the side and the top. As you turn the pages of the book, the book can actually detect what page you're on, based on the curvature of the pages. In addition, if you were to fold in one of the corners, then you could program the book to actually email you the text on the page for your notes.
ZK: Beraz neure ideiarik gustokoena tinta hau liburu baten aplikatzea da. Honek papelarekin dugun erlazionatzeko era guztiz alda dezake. Marra beltz bat ikus dezakezue alboan eta goian. Liburuaren orriak pasatzean liburuak jakin dezake zein orritan dago orrien makurduraren arabera. Gainera, tolesdura bat egiten bada eskina batean, liburuak berak mezu elektroniko bat bidaltzeko programa daiteke orri horretan dagoen testuarekin.
KS: For our last technology, we worked again with Roman and his team at the Directors Bureau to develop a commercial from the future to explain how it works.
KS: Geure azken berrikuntzarako Roman eta bere Directors Bureau-ko taldearekin lan egin dugu orain erakutsiko dudan etorkizuneko iragarki bat egiteko.
Old Milk Carton: Oh yeah, it smells good. Who are you? New Milk Carton: I'm New Milk. OMC: I used to smell like you. Narrator: Fresh Watch, from Inventables Dairy Farms. Packaging that changes color when your milk's gone off. Don't let milk spoil your morning.
(Bideoa): Hum! Bai! Usain ona du! Zer nahi duzu? Esne Berria naiz. Nik zuk bezalako usaina nuen. Esneki Inbentagarri-ren "Freskotasun neurgailua". Esnea hondatzen denean kolorez aldatzen duten ontziak. Ez utzi esneak zeure goiza hondatzea.
ZK: Now, this technology was developed by these two guys: Professor Ken Suslick and Neil Rakow, of the University of Illinois.
ZK: Beno, teknologia hau bi gizon hauek garatu zuten -- Illinoiseko Unibertsitateko Ken Suslick eta Neil Rakow irakasleak.
KS: Now the way it works: there's a matrix of color dyes. And these dyes change color in response to odors. So the smell of vanilla, that might change the four on the left to brown and the one on the right to yellow. This matrix can produce thousands of different color combinations to represent thousands of different smells. But like in the milk commercial, if you know what odor you want to detect, then they can formulate a specific dye to detect just that odor.
KS: Nola funtzionatzen du: koloreko tintedun matrize bat dago. Eta tinte hauek kolorez aldatzen dute usainen arabera. Honela, bainilaren usaina, ezkerreko laurak marroira alda dezakeela eta eskuineko bat horira, honela matrize honek milaka kolore konbinazio egin ditzazke milaka usain ezberdinak irudikatzeko. Baina esnearen iragarkian bezala, zein usain aurkitu nahi den badakigu, usain hori aurkitzeko tinte zehatza egin dezakegu.
ZK: Right. It was that that started a conversation with Professor Suslick and myself, and he was explaining to me the things that this is making possible, beyond just detecting spoiled food. It's really where the significance of it lies. His company actually did a survey of firemen all across the country to try to learn, how are they currently testing the air when they respond to an emergency scene? And he kind of comically explained that time after time, what the firemen would say is: they would rush to the scene of the crime; they would look around; if there were no dead policemen, it was OK to go. (Laughter) I mean, this is a true story. They're using policemen as canaries. (Laughter) But more seriously, they determined that you could develop a device that can smell better than the humans, and say if it's safe for the firemen. In addition, he's spun off a company from the University called ChemSensing, where they're working on medical equipment. So, a patient can come in and actually blow into their device. By detecting the odor of particular bacteria, or viruses, or even lung cancer, the dots will change and they can use software to analyze the results. This can radically improve the way that doctors diagnose patients. Currently, they're using a method of trial and error, but this could tell you precisely what disease you have.
ZK: Hala da. Hori da Suslick irakaslea eta nire artean elkarrizketa sortu zuena. Berak azaldu zizkidan hau ahalbideratzen duten gauzak. Funtzioa ez da janari txarra aurkitzea bakarrik. Bere enpresak inkesta bat egin zuen suhiltzaileen artean larrialdi eszena baten daudenean airea nola analizatzen duten jakiteko. Eta berak ironiaz azaltzen zidan behin eta berriro, suhiltzaileek esaten ziotela larrialdiaren tokira joaten zirela. Alboetara begiratzen zuten. Eta polizia hilik ez bazegoen dena ondo zegoela esan nahi zuen. (Barreak) Hau da, benetako istorioa da. Poliziak kurkuiz moduan erabiltzen zituzten. (Barreak) Baina, benetan, ondorioztatu zuten gizakiak baino hobeto usaindu dezakeen dispositibo bat egin ahal zela, eta honela ea suhiltzaileentzako segurua den esan. Gainera, konpainia bat bultzatzen ari da ChemSensing unibertsitatetik ekipamendu medikoarekin lan egiten dutela. Honela, gaixo batek aparatu batean putz egiten du. Bakterioak, birusak edo birika minbiziaren usaina ere aurkitzean, puntuak aldatu egiten dira eta emaitzak aztertzeko software bat erabili daiteke. Honek era erradikal batean hobetu dezake medikuak gaixoak diagnostikatzeko era. Gaur egun, froga eta hutsegite metodoa erabiltzen dute, baina honek zehatz mehatz esango luke zein den gaixotasuna.
KS: So that was the six we had for you today, but I hope you're starting to see why we find these things so fascinating. Because every one of these six changed our understanding of what was possible in the world. Prior to seeing this, we would have assumed: a 10-foot pole couldn't fit in your pocket; something as inexpensive as ink couldn't sense the way paper is being bent; every one of these things -- and we're constantly trying to find more.
KS: Hauek izan dira gaurko seirak, baina espero dut ikustea zergatik aurkitzen ditugun hain gauza harrigarriak. Seiretako bakoitzak munduan zer den posiblea usten dugunaren ideia aldatu duelako. Hau ikusi aurretik, uste genuen 3 metroko makil bat ezin zela poltsiko batean sartu. Tinta bezalako gauza merke bat ezin zuela sentitu horri bat tolestu dela. Gauza hauetako bakoitzak. Eta gehiago bilatzen ari gara gelditu gabe.
ZK: This is something that Keith and I really enjoy doing. I'm sure it's obvious to you now, but it was actually yesterday that I was reminded of why. I was having a conversation with Steve Jurvetson, over downstairs by the escalators, and he was telling me that when Chris sent out that little box, one of the items in it was the hydrophobic sand -- the sand that doesn't get wet. He said that he was playing with it with his son. And you know, his son was mesmerized, because he would dunk it in the water, he would take it out and it was bone dry. A few weeks later, he said that his son was playing with a lock of his mother's hair, and he noticed that there were some drops of water on the hair. And he took the thing and he looked up to Steve and he said, "Look, hydrophobic string." (Laughter) I mean, after hearing that story -- that really summed it up for me. Thank you very much.
ZK: Keith eta nik gustoko dugun zerbait da. Ziur nago orain bistakoa dela zuentzat, baina atzo nik gogoratu nuen zergatik. Elkarrizketa bat izan nuen Steve Jurveston-ekin beheko solairuan, eskaileren ondoan, eta esaten ari zidan Chris kaxa txiki hori bidali zuenean, barruan zegoen gauzetako bat harea hidrofobikoa zela-- bustitzen ez den harea. Esan zuen berak eta bere semeak harekin jolasten ari zirela. Eta, badakizue! bere semea hipnotizaturik zegoen uretan sartu ahal zuelako eta ateratzerakoan guztiz lehorra zegoen. Aste batzuk geroako, esan zuen, bere semeak jolasten ari zen bere amaren ilearekin eta konturatu zen ur tanta batzuk zeudela ilean. Ilea hartu zuen, Steve begiratu zuen eta esan zuen: "Ikusi, soka hidrofobikoa." (Barreak) Esan nahi dut, istorioa entzun ondoren, hori, benetan, dena laburbiltzen duela nire ustez. Eskerrik asko
KS: Thank you. (Applause)
KS: Eskerrik asko. (Txaloak)