The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. Guess who was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day." She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese: 送你葱 So it's not like "hello" or "thank you," that ordinary stuff. It means "green onion for free." Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle -- a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was "green onion for free." So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious.
喺我去蘇格蘭嘅前一晚, 我被邀請去上海主持 “中國達人秀“決賽 體育館內有八萬現場觀眾。 估下邊個系特別嘉賓? 蘇珊·波爾 (蘇珊大媽)。 我同距講,”我聽日就去蘇格蘭啦。“ 她唱得非常動聽, 仲學講幾句中文: 送你蔥 嚟句話唔系“你好” 或者“多謝”, 之類的話。 意思系:“免費送你蔥”。 點解距講黎句話? 因為黎句話 來自於中國版蘇珊大媽- 一位五十有多嘅中年大媽, 一位上海街市擺攤的阿姨, 距熱愛唱西方歌劇, 不過距唔明 任何英文,法語, 或者意大利文, 所以距獨創一種方式來記歌詞 將全部歌詞用中文蔬菜名來代替。 (笑聲) 意大利歌劇《公主徹夜未眠》嘅最後一句話 當時距系體育館內演出 就以“送你蔥”來代替。 所以蘇珊大媽會咁唱, 連同八萬名現場觀眾一起跟唱。 當時嘅場面十分有趣。
So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. You may have the chance to make a difference.
我惗蘇珊大媽 同嚟位上海嘅菜販阿姨 都有距地嘅獨特之處。 距地系常人最少期待 會喺娛樂圈內闖蕩成名的一類人, 但係距地嘅勇氣同才能讓她們受到大家的肯定。 一場演出同一個平台 給予她們一個 實現夢想的舞台。 其實,要與眾不同並唔難。 我地都唔同 從唔同嘅角度。 我覺得與眾不同其實很好, 因為你有唔同嘅惗法。 你可能會系某方面作出影響。
My generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there. So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, "So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?" I summoned my courage and poise and said, "Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?" I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.
我地黎代人好幸運 我地見證並參與 中國歷史性的變化 有太多巨變發生 在過去的二,三十年。 我記得系1990果陣時, 我啱啱大學畢業, 當時我去應聘一份 系北京五星級酒店返工的銷售工作。 長城喜來登酒店,至今都喺到。 被一位日本經理詢問咗 一個半種後, 當面試將要結束時,距講, "楊小姐, 你有咩問題要問我嗎?" 我鼓足勇氣鎮定甘問距, “系, 你可不可以話我知, 你地賣D咩?” 因為我當時完全唔知一間 五星級酒店內的銷售部要做D乜。 黎個系我第一次進入 五星級酒店。
Around the same time, I was going through an audition -- the first ever open audition by national television in China -- with another thousand college girls. The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, "Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?" I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it. So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script. (Applause) And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.
與此同時, 我參加咗由中國國家電視台 有史以來舉辦嘅 第一次公開面試 現場參賽上千名女大學生。 製作人通告 距地要搵甜美,單純 同漂亮的新面孔。 當輪到我果陣,我起身問, “點解系電視上的女性個性 都要系靚,甜美,單純 仲要有配合度? 點解距地唔可以有自己的想法 同埋自己的聲音?” 我以為我黎番話有點冒犯評委。 不過正系黎番話令距地留下印象。 所以我進入了第二回合比賽, 繼而第三,第四。 當完成第七回合比賽后, 我成為一位勝出者。 因此我加入了國家電視台黃金檔一個節目。 你可能唔相信 黎個節目系中國第一個 允許主持人 自由發揮表達自己的意見 而唔需要背經批准後D稿。 (鼓掌) 當時每週的觀眾人數 高達200-300萬。
Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career. So we do a lot of things. I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, "Lan, you changed my life," and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games. I was representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa. But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?
幾年以後, 我確定要去美國哥倫比亞大學 繼續讀研, 同時創辦自己的媒體公司, 一個當我啱啱入行時 從來都無惗過嘅想法。 公司項目分好多類, 我訪問過的人數過千。 有時,有些年輕人他會同我講 “楊瀾, 你改變了我的人生,” 我會為黎D話感到自豪。 同時我地十分幸運地 見證整個國家的興起。 見證著北京奧運競標賽。 代言上海世博會。 我睇到中國正在擁抱全世界 也見到全世界在擁抱中國。 不過我亦系度惗, 當下的年輕人到底要做什麼? 距地有什麼不同之處, 他們會創造怎樣的不同 又會點樣改變中國未來, 甚至整個世界?
So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei -- 20 years old, beautiful. She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Cross at the Chamber of Commerce. She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The controversy was so heated that the Red Cross had to open a press conference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.
所以我今天的話題系關於年輕一代 通過社交網絡平台。 首先, 他們是誰?他們做緊咩? 照片中黎位叫郭美美女仔 20歲,年輕貌美。 在距嘅微博上盡顯 距擁有的名牌袋, 衫同鞋, 微博即系中國版的Twitter。 距仲自稱系紅十字 商會經理。 距無惗到 自己的舉動引起民眾公憤 惹起全國大眾的質疑。 差D成為針對 紅十字會的騷亂。 黎場爭論十分激烈 以至於紅十字會開記者招待會 來澄清“郭美美事件”, 此事件因此亦被不斷調查。
So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title -- probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity. All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce. It's very complicated to explain. But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it. It is still boiling. It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.
現金為之, 公眾已知道郭美美系冒充紅十字商會經理職位 可能因為距覺得與慈善相關的為她帶了自豪感。 距果D奢侈品 同禮物 都系距男朋友送。 距的男朋友系紅十字商會 旗下部門的前任董事會成員。 黎個解釋起來有點困難。 儘管如此,公眾憤怒仍未平息。 熱論還在進行。 黎件事件講明民眾 對政府或有政府背景的機構唔信任, 因為黎D機構過去的不透明 黎件事件亦講明 社交網站上的力量同影響 例如微博。
Microblog boomed in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. Sina.com, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger -- it's not me -- it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old. And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit. But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.
微博在2010年興起, 訪客人數翻倍 瀏覽時間更系三倍增加。 單系新浪網, 一個主要的新聞網站, 就有超過1.4億微博用戶。 騰訊網,2億。 最多人關注的用戶 唔系我-- 系一位電影女演員, 距有超過九百五十萬粉絲。 大約有八成微博用戶都系年輕人, 年齡在30歲以下。 正如大家所知, 傳統媒體依然由政府所控, 社交網絡提供一個開放平台 讓大家可以發表自己的意見。 因為開放平台為數不多, 來自社交網站上的激憤 有時可以變得非常強烈,非常活躍 甚至帶有暴力。
So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. Most of them have fairly good education. The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college. But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick. So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.
通過微博, 我地可以進一步了解中國年輕的一代。 我地有幾唔同? 首先,大部分青年都生於 80, 90年代, 出生於獨生子女政策下。 因為有了選擇性流產 很多家長重男輕女, 造成我地現今 男性數量比女性超出3千萬人口。 黎個可能會對 社會存在潛在危機, 但無人能確定; 我地生活系個全球化嘅世界, 男性可以到其他國家結識女朋友。 年輕人裡大多數都受過不錯的教育。 喺黎一代,中國文盲人數 已少於百分之一。 在城市, 有80%的學生上大學。 不過他們正面對一個老年化的中國 今年,年齡超過65歲人口 已達到百分之7點幾, 到2030年 人口老年化將達到15%。 大家也許知道我們的傳統 年輕人一代有義務供養長輩, 在生病時照顧他們。 這意味著已成家的年輕人 要供養四位長輩 其預期壽命將會是73歲。
So making a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. So what do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.
所以許多年輕一代的 日子不輕鬆過得並不輕鬆。 面對大學畢業生供過於求。 喺城市, 大學畢業生起薪點 大致系400美金一個月, 平均租金 都超過500美金。 他們點樣生活呢? 他們只能合租 逼系一個窄小嘅空間 甘來悭钱-- 黎群人自稱“蟻族”。 至於果D打算結婚 同賣屋嘅人 距地明白要打工 30,40年 先可以買得起第一間公寓。 美國的比例系 一對夫妻5年嘅人工就可買一間屋, 不過要係中國需要30 - 40 年先至做到 因為房價高漲。
Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with less income, less social welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.
做兩億離鄉打工族中, 60%系年輕人。 他們覺得自己系夾心族 夾隔在城市同鄉村之間。 距地大多數都唔想返鄉下, 不過他們又無城市歸屬感。 他們長時間工作 收入相對較少,社會福利也不多。 很多因素會影響他們 例如失業, 通貨膨脹, 銀行貸款政策緊縮, 人民幣升值, 又或者歐美國家對 中國產品的需求 減少。 上年,一場令人震驚 的悲劇 喺中國南方嘅設備加工廠發生咗 13名年輕工人 年齡大致20歲左右 相繼自殺, 就似一場傳染病甘 距地自殺的原因各不同。 整個事件 引起社會的關注 大家開始關心 黎D工人嘅 身體同心理上的孤單。
For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new business in the less developed market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
果D選擇返鄉下嘅人, 當地人十分歡迎他們回鄉, 因為他們在城市獲得了知識,技能同人脈 距地系城市學識, 通過互聯網的幫助, 距地可以創作更多工作, 升級當地農業技術同埋製造商機 喺相對落後的市場。 在過去數年,沿海地帶, 出現勞工短缺的現象。
These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterness and even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or business would arouse a social outcry or even unrest.
黎D圖表顯示 一個更廣泛的社會背景。 第一個系恩格爾系數, 解釋了每天生活必須的花費 百分點有所減少 在過去十年內 對比人均家庭收入 下降了37%。 不過就係過去兩年間, 黎個比例又上漲39%, 甘樣來講生活花費正在上升。 吉尼系數顯示 已經超過0.4的警戒線。 宜家系0.5 -- 仲差過美國-- 說明了收入不平等。 你可以睇到整個社會 逐漸感到沮喪 因為他們失去一部分流動性。 同時,仇富和仇權情緒 逐以升高 並開始蔓延。 所以各種對腐敗 或者官商勾結的指控 都會造成社會譴責 甚至動亂。
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
通過觀察微博上一些最熱門的話題, 我地可以更了解年輕的一代。 社會公正與政府責任 系他們最關心的問題。 在過去十年裡, 大量嘅城市化發展 令我地睇到好多關於 強拆民宅 的報到。 黎D新聞都引起了 年輕人不滿和失望。 過程中有時有身亡, 亦有人用自焚嘅形式來抗議。 當黎類報導 越來越常見於互聯網上 人們強烈要求政府出面阻止。
So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guess what, we have faked beef. They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.
今年早輪有好消息, 國務院在房屋申請同拆建方面 頒發咗新政策 同時允許法庭 傳喚果D強拆的地方政府 上法院。 仲有好多其他令民眾擔憂嘅問題 系互聯網上熱議。 大家都聽過空氣污染, 水源污染,有毒食品。 但應該不知道我地還發明了假牛肉。 黎種牛肉精包含多種成分 如果你把距塗喺雞魚肉 睇落就似牛肉。 最近, 民眾又開始擔心食用油, 原因上千人發現 來自餐館嘅 食用油系加工過的地溝油。 黎類現象 在互聯網引起公眾強烈不滿。 幸運地是, 我地睇到政府 更及時同更頻繁地 對應民眾的擔憂。
While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pass the U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
雖然年輕一代睇落相信 他們的參與影響到 政策制定, 不過,在生活上的追求 他們卻有點迷失。 中國很快就會超越美國 成為第一大 奢侈消費品市場。 黎果唔包括中國人 喺歐洲或其他地方消費。 但或許你唔知,其中一半的消費者 系收入不到2000美金。 距地並不富裕。 不過距地買名牌手袋同衣服 來作為距地身份的象徵。 黎個女仔上一個相親節目 公開表明 距情願坐系寶馬車度喊, 都唔要坐系單車上笑。 當然,我地還有年輕人 只要開心 坐寶馬或騎單車都無所謂。
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeless and kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After thousands of resends in relay, the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.
黎張圖片裡,你見到宜家好風行的一個現象 叫做“裸婚”。 距地唔系話喺婚禮上么都唔著, 不過黎D年輕人決定 就算無屋,無車,無鑽戒 同無婚禮都願意 為真愛結婚。 通過社交媒體,人們做咗好多有意義的事。 黎張圖片展示 500只被困卡車將要被加工食物的 流浪或綁架狗。 在高速公路上被發現, 截停 整個國家都在微博上 見證事件發展。 有人捐錢,捐狗糧 仲有志願者去截停部貨車。 幾小時協商後, 500只狗獲救。 同時亦有人幫助搵走失兒童。 黎位爸爸將個仔張相放上網。 在上千萬次轉發後, 小朋友被搵到。 我地通過微博 見證了家庭團聚。
So happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years. Happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctness to keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guess these are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.
幸福 - 系近兩年 最常聽到上嘅熱門詞。 幸福不靜只 同個人經歷和價值觀相關, 我們生活的環境同樣息息相關。 人們會思考以下問題: 我地到底應唔應該犧牲我地嘅環境 來製作更高GDP增長? 我們應該如何實現社會及政治改體 先至跟得上經濟上的增長, 同時又可持續穩定發展? 仲有,如何實現系統 自行糾正 在各種紛爭的亂世下 如何保持自我更新? 我估人們會為黎D問題追尋答案。 我們年輕的一代 將會改變他們的國家 與此同時,他們正系度改變自己。
Thank you very much.
十分感謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)