Ten years ago exactly, I was in Afghanistan. I was covering the war in Afghanistan, and I witnessed, as a reporter for Al Jazeera, the amount of suffering and destruction that emerged out of a war like that. Then, two years later, I covered another war -- the war in Iraq. I was placed at the center of that war because I was covering the war from the northern part of Iraq. And the war ended with a regime change, like the one in Afghanistan. And that regime that we got rid of was actually a dictatorship, an authoritarian regime, that for decades created a great sense of paralysis within the nation, within the people themselves. However, the change that came through foreign intervention created even worse circumstances for the people and deepened the sense of paralysis and inferiority in that part of the world.
整整十年以前, 我在阿富汗。 我当时在报道阿富汗战争, 作为卡塔尔半岛电视台的一名记者,我亲眼见证了 这样一场战争 酿成了多少苦难与破坏。 接着,两年之后, 我又报道了另一场战争-伊拉克战争。 我被调到了战争的中心地带 因为我当时正从伊拉克北部 对战争进行报道。 战争结束了 推翻了一个政权, 与阿富汗战争如出一辙。 而那个 被我们推翻的政权 实际上是一个独裁政权, 一个专制统治, 几十年里 让整个国家内部以及民众 感到无能为力。 然而, 外国干预所带来的变革 却对那些人民造成了更坏的影响 并使那里的人民 倍感 无助与自卑。
For decades, we have lived under authoritarian regimes -- in the Arab world, in the Middle East. These regimes created something within us during this period. I'm 43 years old right now. For the last 40 years, I have seen almost the same faces for kings and presidents ruling us -- old, aged, authoritarian, corrupt situations -- regimes that we have seen around us. And for a moment I was wondering, are we going to live in order to see real change happening on the ground, a change that does not come through foreign intervention, through the misery of occupation, through nations invading our land and deepening the sense of inferiority sometimes? The Iraqis: yes, they got rid of Saddam Hussein, but when they saw their land occupied by foreign forces they felt very sad, they felt that their dignity had suffered. And this is why they revolted. This is why they did not accept. And actually other regimes, they told their citizens, "Would you like to see the situation of Iraq? Would you like to see civil war, sectarian killing? Would you like to see destruction? Would you like to see foreign troops on your land?" And the people thought for themselves, "Maybe we should live with this kind of authoritarian situation that we find ourselves in, instead of having the second scenario." That was one of the worst nightmares that we have seen.
在几十年里, 我们生活在专制统治之下- 在阿拉伯世界,在中东地区。 这些政权 这段时期内在我们内心创造了一样东西。 我现在43岁了。 在过去的40年里, 我所见过统治我们的君王与总统 几乎都拥有一样的面孔- 苍老,独裁, 腐败- 这些就是我们经历过的政权。 有一刻,我曾好奇, 我们是否能够在有生之年 见识到这片土地上发生一次真正的变革 这种变革不来自外国干预, 不会导致被占领的苦难 没有外国入侵我们的土地 我们的自卑感也不会加深 伊拉克人说:是的,他们推翻了萨达姆. 侯赛因 但当他们看到 他们的土地被外国势力占领 他们感到非常悲伤 他们感到自己的尊严遭到了践踏 正因如此他们才开始起义反抗 正因如此他们才不愿接受 实际上,其它政权,告诉他们的人民 “你们希望见到伊拉克的现状吗? 你们希望看到内战和宗派屠杀吗? 你们希望看到破坏吗? 你们希望看到外国军队进驻你们的土地吗?” 而这些人民寻思 “也许我们应该继续 生活在现有的政权之下 而不是选择这个可能。” 这是我们最可怕的噩梦之一
For 10 years, unfortunately we have found ourselves reporting images of destruction, images of killing, of sectarian conflicts, images of violence, emerging from a magnificent piece of land, a region that one day was the source of civilizations and art and culture for thousands of years. Now I am here to tell you that the future that we were dreaming for has eventually arrived. A new generation, well-educated, connected, inspired by universal values and a global understanding, has created a new reality for us. We have found a new way to express our feelings and to express our dreams: these young people who have restored self-confidence in our nations in that part of the world, who have given us new meaning for freedom and empowered us to go down to the streets. Nothing happened. No violence. Nothing. Just step out of your house, raise your voice and say, "We would like to see the end of the regime."
整整十年里 很不幸地,我们一直 报道破坏的画面 宗派冲突 屠杀的画面 一片广袤土地上 不断出现暴力的画面 这里几千年来一直是 众多文明,艺术与文化的 发祥地 我在这里想告诉大家 我们梦想中的 未来 已经到来了 新的一代人 得到了良好的教育 团结在一起 被普遍的价值观所激励 并拥有全球化的视角 这一代人已经为我们开辟了新的现实 我们找到了一种新的途径 来表达我们的感情 和梦想 这些年轻人 重塑了我们国家 在阿拉伯世界中的自信 他们给了我们 新意义下的自由 让我们得到了走到大街上表达意愿的权力 什么也没发生 没有暴力 风平浪静 只要走出你的家门 抬高你的嗓音 呐喊:“我们希望这个政权下台。”
This is what happened in Tunisia. Over a few days, the Tunisian regime that invested billions of dollars in the security agencies, billions of dollars in maintaining, trying to maintain, its prisons, collapsed, disappeared, because of the voices of the public. People who were inspired to go down to the streets and to raise their voices, they tried to kill. The intelligence agencies wanted to arrest people. They found something called Facebook. They found something called Twitter. They were surprised by all of these kinds of issues. And they said, "These kids are misled." Therefore, they asked their parents to go down to the streets and collect them, bring them back home. This is what they were telling. This is their propaganda. "Bring these kids home because they are misled." But yes, these youth who have been inspired by universal values, who are idealistic enough to imagine a magnificent future and, at the same time, realistic enough to balance this kind of imagination and the process leading to it -- not using violence, not trying to create chaos -- these young people, they did not go home. Parents actually went to the streets and they supported them. And this is how the revolution was born in Tunisia.
这就在突尼斯发生了 几天以前 突尼斯政权,它曾投入了几十亿美元 在安全机构, 几十亿美元 花在了维护,试图维护 国家的监狱 这个政权垮台了, 湮灭在了人民的呼喊声中 人们被激励着走上大街小巷 大声呐喊 他们不达目的不罢休 情报局想要逮捕这些人 他们找到了叫“Facebook”的东西 找到了叫“推特”的东西 他们为之而感到惊讶 他们说: “这些孩子被误导了。” 于是,他们让孩子的父母 到大街上去 把他们领回家去 这就是他们说宣扬的,这是他们的阴谋 “把这些孩子领回家去 因为他们被误导了。” 然而,是的 这些普遍价值观 所激励的 年轻人 这些对辉煌的未来 抱着满腔理想的年轻人 而这些年轻人也脚踏实地 在这种理想 与理想的实践过程之间取得了平衡 不使用暴力 不制造混乱 这些年轻人 没有回家 他们的父母去到大街上 支持他们 这就是突尼斯变革的由来
We in Al Jazeera were banned from Tunisia for years, and the government did not allow any Al Jazeera reporter to be there. But we found that these people in the street, all of them are our reporters, feeding our newsroom with pictures, with videos and with news. And suddenly that newsroom in Doha became a center that received all this kind of input from ordinary people -- people who are connected and people who have ambition and who have liberated themselves from the feeling of inferiority. And then we took that decision: We are unrolling the news. We are going to be the voice for these voiceless people. We are going to spread the message. Yes, some of these young people are connected to the Internet, but the connectivity in the Arab world is very little, is very small, because of many problems that we are suffering from. But Al Jazeera took the voice from these people and we amplified [it]. We put it in every sitting room in the Arab world -- and internationally, globally, through our English channel.
我们卡塔尔半岛电视台 在突尼斯已被禁多年 当地政府不允许 任何卡塔尔半岛电视台记者靠近 但我们发现这些在大街上抗议的人们 都变成了我们的记者 为我们的演播室不停注入 图片,视频 以及新闻 突然间,位于多哈的演播室 成为了一个中心 专门收集各种来自于普通民众的信息-- 他们团结在一起,拥有抱负 从自卑感中 将自己解放出来 于是我们决定: 我们要把这些新闻都报导出来 我们要成为这些民众的喉舌 我们要将消息传播出去 是的,这些年轻人中的一些人 通过互联网相互联系了起来 然而,阿拉伯世界的联系 还非常有限,非常微小 造成这种现象的原因是我们面临了很多问题 而卡塔尔半岛电视台收集了民众的声音 加以放大 我们让这声音传遍阿拉伯世界每个家庭的起居室 并通过我们的英文频道 传向世界,传遍全球
And then people started to feel that there's something new happening. And then Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali decided to leave. And then Egypt started, and Hosni Mubarak decided to leave. And now Libya as you see it. And then you have Yemen. And you have many other countries trying to see and to rediscover that feeling of, "How do we imagine a future which is magnificent and peaceful and tolerant?" I want to tell you something, that the Internet and connectivity has created [a] new mindset. But this mindset has continued to be faithful to the soil and to the land that it emerged from. And while this was the major difference between many initiatives before to create change, before we thought, and governments told us -- and even sometimes it was true -- that change was imposed on us, and people rejected that, because they thought that it is alien to their culture. Always, we believed that change will spring from within, that change should be a reconciliation with culture, cultural diversity, with our faith in our tradition and in our history, but at the same time, open to universal values, connected with the world, tolerant to the outside. And this is the moment that is happening right now in the Arab world. This is the right moment, and this is the actual moment that we see all of these meanings meet together and then create the beginning of this magnificent era that will emerge from the region.
到时候,人民会开始感觉到 一股新的势力正在发生 后来扎因·阿比丁·本·阿里(突尼斯前总统) 决定离开了 接着,埃及的抗议发生了 于是,穆巴拉克决定离开了 而现在轮到利比亚了 接下来是也门 你会看到其它许多国家争相想要看到 并重新体验那种感觉 “我们如何想象一个 辉煌,和平,宽容的未来呢?” 我想告诉大家 互联网和人们直接的联系 已经创造出了一种新思维 但是这种思维 仍然对这片 生养它的土地 充满赤诚 这与之前许多 寻求变革的行动 有着很大的不同之处 之前我们认为,政府也告诉我们-- 有时候这也是真的-- 那就是,当变革被强加于我们 人们会产生抵触 这是因为他们认为这不属于他们的文化 我们一直相信 变革是从内部孕育而生的 这变革应当与文化 文化多样性 与我们对传统以及历史的信仰 相互融合 与此同时 这变革包容了普遍的价值观,与世界相联结 包容外部世界 现在就是 阿拉伯世界发生变革的时刻 这是正确的时刻,是绝佳的时刻 我们看到了这些重要意义相互交汇 并创造了 这片土地上 辉煌新时代的开端
How did the elite deal with that -- the so-called political elite? In front of Facebook, they brought the camels in Tahrir Square. In front of Al Jazeera, they started creating tribalism. And then when they failed, they started speaking about conspiracies that emerged from Tel Aviv and Washington in order to divide the Arab world. They started telling the West, "Be aware of Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda is taking over our territories. These are Islamists trying to create new Imaras. Be aware of these people who [are] coming to you in order to ruin your great civilization." Fortunately, people right now cannot be deceived. Because this corrupt elite in that region has lost even the power of deception. They could not, and they cannot, imagine how they could really deal with this reality. They have lost. They have been detached from their people, from the masses, and now we are seeing them collapsing one after the other.
那些顶尖人物将如何应对-- 那些所谓的政治精英会怎么做? 面对Facebook 他们把骆驼拉到开罗的解放广场上 面对卡塔尔半岛电视台 他们开始结党营私 当他们失败了 他们就宣称 有人在特拉维夫制造阴谋 以此分裂阿拉伯世界 他们开始警告西方 “小心基地组织 基地组织主宰了我们的土地 这些人信仰伊斯兰教 想要建立新的Imaras 小心这些人 他们正准备对付你们 摧毁你们伟大的文明” 真不巧 人们现在可没那么好骗了 因为,这个地区 腐败的当权者 已经丧失了欺骗的能力 他们不论是过去还是现在都想象不到 他们将如何面对这样的现实 他们丧失了-- 他们被广大人民 所背弃 现在,我们目睹他们一个接着一个 相继垮台
Al Jazeera is not a tool of revolution. We do not create revolutions. However, when something of that magnitude happens, we are at the center of the coverage. We were banned from Egypt, and our correspondents, some of them were arrested. But most of our camera people and our journalists, they went underground in Egypt -- voluntarily -- to report what happened in Tahrir Square. For 18 days, our cameras were broadcasting, live, the voices of the people in Tahrir Square. I remember one night when someone phoned me on my cellphone -- ordinary person who I don't know -- from Tahrir Square. He told me, "We appeal to you not to switch off the cameras. If you switch off the cameras tonight, there will be a genocide. You are protecting us by showing what is happening at Tahrir Square." I felt the responsibility to phone our correspondents there and to phone our newsroom and to tell them, "Make your best not to switch off the cameras at night, because the guys there really feel confident when someone is reporting their story -- and they feel protected as well."
卡塔尔半岛电视台不是 变革的工具 我们并不能创造变革 然而 当这样重大的重大事件发生时 我们就成为了时事报导的中心 我们在埃及被禁 我们的驻地记者 有的被逮捕 但我们大多数的摄影师 我们的记者们 他们自发进入埃及--完全自愿 秘密对解放广场上的情况进行报导 18天里 我们的摄影机实时播出 解放广场上民众的呼声 我记得,一天晚上 某人打通了我的手机-- 一个我不认识的平民--从解放广场打来的 他告诉我:“我们恳请你 不要关掉摄像机 如果你们关掉了摄像机 今晚将会发生一场大屠杀 你们实时报导解放广场的状况 就是在保护我们。” 我感到我有责任 给当地的记者们 以及我们的新闻演播室打电话 告诉他们:“你们要竭尽全力 不要在晚上关掉摄影机 因为在场的民众会更有自信 因为有人对他们的故事进行报导-- 他们还能感觉受到了保护。”
So we have a chance to create a new future in that part of the world. We have a chance to go and to think of the future as something which is open to the world. Let us not repeat the mistake of Iran, of [the] Mosaddeq revolution. Let us free ourselves -- especially in the West -- from thinking about that part of the world based on oil interest, or based on interests of the illusion of stability and security. The stability and security of authoritarian regimes cannot create but terrorism and violence and destruction. Let us accept the choice of the people. Let us not pick and choose who we would like to rule their future. The future should be ruled by people themselves, even sometimes if they are voices that might now scare us. But the values of democracy and the freedom of choice that is sweeping the Middle East at this moment in time is the best opportunity for the world, for the West and the East, to see stability and to see security and to see friendship and to see tolerance emerging from the Arab world, rather than the images of violence and terrorism. Let us support these people. Let us stand for them. And let us give up our narrow selfishness in order to embrace change, and in order to celebrate with the people of that region a great future and hope and tolerance. The future has arrived, and the future is now. I thank you very much.
因此,我们有机会 在阿拉伯世界 创造一个新的未来 我们有机会 进入新的未来 并知道它会向整个世界敞开大门 我们不要重蹈伊朗的覆辙 进行错误的改革 我们应该放弃固有的观点--尤其是西方国家-- 一想起阿拉伯世界 就牵扯到石油 或者其它基于 稳定与安全受到破坏的利益考虑 专制统治的稳定 与安全 只会 导致恐怖主义,暴力与破坏 我们应当接受人们的选择 不要拣选 我们所偏爱的人选去主宰他们的未来 未来应当 由人民自己决定 即使有时候他们的呼声 会让我们感到恐惧 但民主的价值观 以及选择的自由 此刻正在席卷中东地区 这是阿拉伯世界最好的时机 让东西半球 看到稳定与安全 看到友谊与包容 正在阿拉伯世界中逐步兴起 取代了暴力与恐怖主义的画面 我们应当支持这些人民 我们应当成为他们的代表 我们应当放弃 我们狭隘的心胸 以拥抱变革 为那片土地上的人民欢呼 为伟大的未来 希望和宽容而庆祝 未来就在眼前 未来就是现在 非常感谢大家
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Thank you very much.
非常感谢你们
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Chris Anderson: I just have a couple of questions for you. Thank you for coming here. How would you characterize the historical significance of what's happened? Is this a story-of-the-year, a story-of-the-decade or something more?
克里斯. 安德森:我有几个问题想问您 感谢您的到场 您怎么描述这一事件的 重要历史意义? 它能够产生一整年的影响,能够产生十年的影响 还是具有更深远的影响?
Wadah Khanfar: Actually, this may be the biggest story that we have ever covered. We have covered many wars. We have covered a lot of tragedies, a lot of problems, a lot of conflict zones, a lot of hot spots in the region, because we were centered at the middle of it. But this is a story -- it is a great story; it is beautiful. It is not something that you only cover because you have to cover a great incident. You are witnessing change in history. You are witnessing the birth of a new era. And this is what the story's all about.
瓦达. 坎法尔:事实上,这可能是我们有史以来报导过最重大的事件 我们报导了许多战争 报到了许多悲剧,许多问题 许多冲突地区,许多该地区的热点问题 因为我们在这些事件的中心位置 而这个事件--非常伟大;异常美丽 我们报导它并不只是 因为你必须报导一件大事 你是在亲眼见证历史的变迁 你是在见证一个新时代的诞生 而这就是这个事件的本质
CA: There are a lot of people in the West who are still skeptical, or think this may just be an intermediate stage before much more alarming chaos. You really believe that if there are democratic elections in Egypt now, that a government could emerge that espouses some of the values you've spoken about so inspiringly?
克里斯. 安德森:西方国家有许多人 怀疑或认为 这只是 更大规模暴乱的前奏 您真的相信 如果埃及现在进行民主选举 产生新的政府 那么这一政府会接受您刚才慷慨激昂地提出的那些价值观吗?
WK: And people actually, after the collapse of the Hosni Mubarak regime, the youth who have organized themselves in certain groups and councils, they are guarding the transformation and they are trying to put it on a track in order to satisfy the values of democracy, but at the same time also to make it reasonable and to make it rational, not to go out of order. In my opinion, these people are much more wiser than, not only the political elite, even the intellectual elite, even opposition leaders including political parties. At this moment in time, the youth in the Arab world are much more wiser and capable of creating the change than the old -- including the political and cultural and ideological old regimes.
瓦达. 坎法尔:事实上,人们 在穆巴拉克政权垮台后 那些年轻人 组成了不同的组织与委员会 他们在保卫变革的进程 他们正努力使之步入正轨 以便推行 民主的价值观 而与此同时 保证它是合理的 理智的 不至于失控 在我看来,这些人民比那些政治精英, 知识精英 甚至包括政治党派在内的反对派领导 都要有智慧得多 此时此刻,阿拉伯世界的这些年轻人 更加有智慧 有能力进行变革 他们比那些过时的-- 包括政治和文化 意识形态都过时了的政权 要强得多
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CA: We are not to get involved politically and interfere in that way. What should people here at TED, here in the West, do if they want to connect or make a difference and they believe in what's happening here?
克里斯. 安德森:那我们就不插手他们的内政了 在场的TED观众 以及西方世界的人们 相信现在所发生的变革 如果他们想要参与进去,或尽一份力,他们应该怎么做?
WK: I think we have discovered a very important issue in the Arab world -- that people care, people care about this great transformation. Mohamed Nanabhay who's sitting with us, the head of Aljazeera.net, he told me that a 2,500 percent increase of accessing our website from various parts of the world. Fifty percent of it is coming from America. Because we discovered that people care, and people would like to know -- they are receiving the stream through our Internet. Unfortunately in the United States, we are not covering but Washington D.C. at this moment in time for Al Jazeera English. But I can tell you, this is the moment to celebrate through connecting ourselves with those people in the street and expressing our support to them and expressing this kind of feeling, universal feeling, of supporting the weak and the oppressed to create a much better future for all of us.
瓦达. 坎法尔:我认为我们已经发现了阿拉伯世界中的一个重大事件-- 人们是在乎的 人们在乎这场重大的变革 默罕默德. 那涅贝今天也到场了 他是卡塔尔半岛电视台网站的总监 他告诉我,我们网站的点击率 上升了百分之两千五百 世界各地的人们都在使用 百分之五十的点击率来自美国 因为我们发现人们正在关注 他们想知道真相-- 他们正通过我们的互联网接受信息流 不幸的是,在美国 卡塔尔半岛电视台英文频道目前 没有覆盖华盛顿特区 但是,我可以告诉大家,这是值得庆祝的时刻 我们可以通过联网 向大街上的那些人们 表达我们对他们的支持 表达这种人人都会产生共鸣的 对弱者或被压迫者的支持 帮助我们所有人创造一个更加美好的未来
CA: Well Wadah, a group of members of the TED community, TEDxCairo, are meeting as we speak. They've had some speakers there. I believe they've heard your talk. Thank you for inspiring them and for inspiring all of us. Thank you so much.
克里斯. 安德森:好的,瓦达,TED社区中的一群成员 TED开罗站 在我们谈话的同时正在进行会谈 他们其中有一些演讲者 我相信他们都听到了您的讲话 感谢您对他们以及我们大家的启发和鼓励 非常感谢
(Applause)
(热烈鼓掌)