Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: I was going to ask if there's a doctor in the house. No, I'm just joking. It's interesting, because it was six years ago when I was pregnant with my first child that I discovered that the most commonly used preservative in baby care products mimics estrogen when it gets into the human body. Now it's very easy actually to get a chemical compound from products into the human body through the skin. And these preservatives had been found in breast cancer tumors.
Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: Htjela sam pitati ima li ovdje koji doktor. Ne, samo se šalim. Zanimljivo je da sam, prije šest godina kada sam bila trudna s prvim djetetom, otkrila da najučestaliji konzervans u proizvodima dječje njege oponaša estrogen kad dospije u ljudsko tijelo. Kemijski spoj iz proizvoda zapravo vrlo lako može dospijeti u ljudsko tijelo kroz kožu. A ovi konzervansi su pronađeni kod raka dojke.
That was the start of my journey to make this film, "Toxic Baby." And it doesn't take much time to discover some really astonishing statistics with this issue. One is that you and I all have between 30 to 50,000 chemicals in our bodies that our grandparents didn't have. And many of these chemicals are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents of chronic childhood disease that we're seeing across industrialized nations. I'll show you some statistics. So for example, in the United Kingdom, the incidence of childhood leukemia has risen by 20 percent just in a generation. Very similar statistic for childhood cancer in the U.S. In Canada, we're now looking at one in 10 Canadian children with asthma. That's a four-fold increase.
Bio je to početak mog putovanja da bih napravila ovaj film „Otrovano dijete“. I nije mi trebalo mnogo vremena da otkrijem neke doista zapanjujuće statistike vezane uz taj problem. Jedno je da vi i ja svi imamo 30.000-50.000 kemikalija u našim tijelima koje naši bake i djedovi nisu imali. A mnoge od tih kemikalija sad su neosporno povezane s kroničnim dječjim bolestima koje viđamo duž industrijaliziranih zemalja. Pokazat ću vam neke statistike. Na primjer, u Ujedinjenom je Kraljevstvu učestalost leukemija u djece porasla za 20 posto u samo jednoj generaciji. Vrlo je slična statistika za rak u dječjoj dobi u SAD-u. U Kanadi sada imamo jedno od desetero djece oboljelo od astme. To je četverostruki porast.
Again, similar story around the world. In the United States, probably the most astonishing statistic is a 600 percent increase in autism and autistic spectrum disorders and other learning disabilities. Again, we're seeing that trend across Europe, across North America. And in Europe, there's certain parts of Europe, where we're seeing a four-fold increase in certain genital birth defects. Interestingly, one of those birth defects has seen a 200 percent increase in the U.S. So a real skyrocketing of chronic childhood disease that includes other things like obesity and juvenile diabetes, premature puberty.
Opet, slična je priča diljem svijeta. U SAD-u je vjerojatno najzapanjujuća statistika 600%-tni porast autizma i poremećaja vezanih za autistični spektar i ostalih nesposobnosti prilikom učenja. Opet, vidimo taj trend diljem Europe i Sjeverne Amerike. A u Europi postoje određeni dijelovi gdje imamo četverostruk porast u određenim genitalnim urođenim manama. Zanimljivo, jedna od tih urođenih mana doživjela je 200%-tni porast u SAD-u. To je doista enorman porast kroničnih dječjih bolesti koje uključuju ostale stvari poput gojaznosti i dječjeg dijabetesa i preranog puberteta.
So it's interesting for me, when I'm looking for someone who can really talk to me and talk to an audience about these things, that probably one of the most important people in the world who can discuss toxicity in babies is expert in frogs.
Za mene je zanimljivo, kad tražim nekoga tko zaista može pričati meni i publici o tim stvarima, da je vjerojatno jedan od najvažnijih ljudi na svijetu koji može govoriti o toksičnosti kod djece stručnjak za žabe.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Tyrone Hayes: It was a surprise to me as well that I would be talking about pesticides, that I'd be talking about public health, because, in fact, I never thought I would do anything useful. (Laughter) Frogs. In fact, my involvement in the whole pesticide issue was sort of a surprise as well when I was approached by the largest chemical company in the world and they asked me if I would evaluate how atrazine affected amphibians, or my frogs. It turns out, atrazine is the largest selling product for the largest chemical company in the world. It's the number one contaminant of groundwater, drinking water, rain water. In 2003, after my studies, it was banned in the European Union, but in that same year, the United States EPA re-registered the compound.
Tyrone Hayes: Za mene je također bilo iznenađenje to što, osim što ću govoriti o pesticidima, govorit ću i o javnom zdravstvu jer, zapravo, nikad nisam mislio da ću raditi nešto korisno. (Smijeh) Žabe. Zapravo, moje sudjelovanje u cijelom tom problemu s pesticidima je na neki način bilo iznenađenje kao i kada mi je pristupila najveća kemijska industrija na svijetu i pitala me hoću li procijeniti kako atrazin dijeluje na vodozemce iliti moje žabe. Ispada kako je atrazin proizvod koji ima najveću prodaju u najvećoj kemijskoj industriji na svijetu. To je zagađivač koji je na prvom mjestu po zagađivanju podzemnih voda, voda za piće i kišnica. 2003. godine nakon mojih studija, zabranjen je u Europskoj Uniji, ali iste godine američka EPA (*Agencija za zaštitu okoliša) ponovno je registrirala tu tvar.
We were a bit surprised when we found out that when we exposed frogs to very low levels of atrazine -- 0.1 parts per billion -- that it produced animals that look like this. These are the dissected gonads of an animal that has two testes, two ovaries, another large testis, more ovaries, which is not normal ... (Laughter) even for amphibians. In some cases, another species like the North American Leopard Frog showed that males exposed to atrazine grew eggs in their testes. And you can see these large, yolked-up eggs bursting through the surface of this male's testes. Now my wife tells me, and I'm sure Penelope can as well, that there's nothing more painful than childbirth -- which that I'll never experience, I can't really argue that -- but I would guess that a dozen chicken eggs in my testicle would probably be somewhere in the top five.
Bili smo pomalo iznenađeni kad smo saznali da, kada izložimo žabe vrlo niskim razinama atrazina –- 0.1 µg/L–- to dovodi do toga da životinje izgledaju ovako. Ovo su secirane gonade životinje koja ima dva testisa, dva jajnika, još jedan veliki testis, još jajnika, što nije normalno... (Smijeh) čak ni za vodozemce. U nekim slučajevima, druge vrste, poput sjevernoameričke leopard žabe, pokazale su da su mužjacima koji su bili izloženi atrazinu narasla jaja u njihovim testisima. Vidite ova velika, ogromna jaja kako probijaju kroz površinu testisa ovog mužjaka. Žena mi kaže, a siguran sam da to isto može potvrditi i Penelope da ne postoji bol jača od rađanja – što nikada nisam iskusio i zaista ne mogu raspravljati o tome – ali pretpostavljam da bi tucet kokošjih jaja u mojim testisima bilo negdje u prvih pet (najjačih boli).
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
In recent studies that we've published, we've shown that some of these animals when they're exposed to atrazine, some of the males grow up and completely become females. So these are actually two brothers consummating a relationship. And not only do these genetic males mate with other males, they actually have the capacity to lay eggs even though they're genetic males. What we proposed, and what we've now generated support for, is that what atrazine is doing is wreaking havoc causing a hormone imbalance. Normally the testes should make testosterone, the male hormone. But what atrazine does is it turns on an enzyme, the machinery if you will, aromatase, that converts testosterone into estrogen. And as a result, these exposed males lose their testosterone, they're chemically castrated, and they're subsequently feminized because now they're making the female hormone.
U nedavnim studijama koje smo objavili, prikazali smo da kod nekih od ovih životinja koje su bile izložene atrazinu, neki mužjaci odrastu i potpuno postanu ženke. Tu zapravo imamo dva brata u savršenom odnosu. I ne samo da se ti genetički mužjaci pare s drugim mužjacima, oni zapravo imaju sposobnost leći jaja, iako su genetički mužjaci. Ono što smo predložili, a sada za to imamo potporu, je da to što atrazin radi, to je osvetoljubivi kaos koji uzrokuje disbalans hormona. U normalnim bi okolnostima testisi trebali proizvoditi testosteron, muški hormon. Ali atrazin uključuje enzim ili ako vam je draže aparat, aromatazu koji pretvara testosteron u estrogen. I kao rezultat, ti izloženi mužjaci gube svoj testosteron, kemijski su kastrirani i nakon toga feminizirani jer sada stvaraju ženski hormon.
Now this is what brought me to the human-related issues. Because it turns out that the number one cancer in women, breast cancer, is regulated by estrogen and by this enzyme aromatase. So when you develop a cancerous cell in your breast, aromatase converts androgens into estrogens, and that estrogen turns on or promotes the growth of that cancer so that it turns into a tumor and spreads. In fact, this aromatase is so important in breast cancer that the latest treatment for breast cancer is a chemical called letrozole, which blocks aromatase, blocks estrogen, so that if you developed a mutated cell, it doesn't grow into a tumor.
Evo što me dovelo do problema vezanih za ljude. Zato što ispada da je broj jedan na ljestvici rakova kod žena, rak dojke, reguliran estrogenom i ovim enzimom, aromatazom. Dakle, kada razvijete kancerogenu stanicu u vašim dojkama, aromataza pretvara androgene u estrogene, a taj estrogen uključuje ili potiče rast tog raka te se on pretvara u tumor i širi se. Ustvari, ta je aromataza toliko važna u raku dojke da je najnoviji lijek za rak dojke kemikalija pod nazivom letrozol, koja blokira aromatazu, blokira estrogen, pa u slučaju da razvijete mutiranu stanicu, to neće prerasti u tumor.
Now what's interesting is, of course, that we're still using 80 million pounds of atrazine, the number one contaminant in drinking water, that does the opposite -- turns on aromatase, increases estrogen and promotes tumors in rats and is associated with tumors, breast cancer, in humans. What's interesting is, in fact, the same company that sold us 80 million pounds of atrazine, the breast cancer promoter, now sells us the blocker -- the exact same company. And so I find it interesting that instead of treating this disease by preventing exposure to the chemicals that promote it, we simply respond by putting more chemicals into the environment.
Ono što je zanimljivo je, naravno, to da još uvijek koristimo 35 milijuna kilograma atrazina, zagađivača broj jedan što se pitke vode tiče, koji radi suprotno – uključuje aromatazu, povećava razinu estrogena i dovodi do tumora kod štakora i povezan je s tumorima, rakom dojke, kod ljudi. Ono što je zanimljivo je zapravo to da ista kompanija koja nam je prodala 35 milijuna kilograma atrazina, promovira rak dojke prodajući nam blokere – ista kompanija. I smatram zanimljivim to da umjesto da liječimo ovu bolest prevencijom izloženosti kemikalijama koje ju promoviraju, mi jednostavno odgovaramo tako što odlažemo sve više kemikalija u okoliš.
PJC: So speaking of estrogen, one of the other compounds that Tyrone talks about in the film is something called bisphenol A, BPA, which has been in the news recently. It's a plasticizer. It's a compound that's found in polycarbonate plastic, which is what baby bottles are made out of. And what's interesting about BPA is that it's such a potent estrogen that it was actually once considered for use as a synthetic estrogen in hormone placement therapy. And there have been many, many, many studies that have shown that BPA leaches from babies' bottles into the formula, into the milk, and therefore into the babies. So we're dosing our babies, our newborns, our infants, with a synthetic estrogen.
PJC: Govoreći o estrogenu, jedan od drugih spojeva o kojima Tyrone govori u filmu je nešto pod imenom bisfenol A, BPA, koji je nedavno bio u vijestima. To je plastifikator. To je spoj koji nalazimo u polikarbonatnoj plastici, od čega su napravljene dječje bočice. Ono što je zanimljivo u vezi BPA je to da je to toliko moćan estrogen da je jednom čak uzet u obzir za upotrebu kao sintetički estrogen u hormonskoj nadomjesnoj terapiji. I bilo je mnogo, mnogo, mnogo studija koje su pokazale da se BPA veže s dječjih bočica u formulu, u mlijeko i samim time u djecu. Znači mi svojoj djeci, svojoj novorođenčadi, svojoj dojenčadi dajemo sintetički estrogen.
Now two weeks ago or so, the European Union passed a law banning the use of BPA in babies' bottles and sippy cups. And for those of you who are not parents, sippy cups are those little plastic things that your child graduates to after using bottles. But just two weeks before that, the U.S. Senate refused to even debate the banning of BPA in babies' bottles and sippy cups. So it really makes you realize the onus on parents to have to look at this and regulate this and police this in their own lives and how astonishing that is.
Prije otprilike dva tjedna, Europska Unija donijela je zakon kojim zabranjuje upotrebu BPA kod dječjih bočica i čašica iz kojih piju. A za vas koji niste roditelji, čašice su vam one male plastične stvari na kojima vaše djete uči piti nakon bočice. Ali samo dva tjedna prije toga Senat SAD-a odbio je čak i raspravu o zabrani BPA u dječjim bočicama i čašicama. Sada zaista možete shvatiti teret roditelja koji ovo moraju tražiti, regulirati i nadzirati u svojim životima i možete misliti koliko je to zadivljujuće.
(Video) PJC: With many plastic baby bottles now proven to leak the chemical bisphenol A, it really shows how sometimes it is only a parent's awareness that stands between chemicals and our children. The baby bottle scenario proves that we can prevent unnecessary exposure. However, if we parents are unaware, we are leaving our children to fend for themselves.
(Video) PJC: Dokazano je da mnogo dječjih plastičnih bočica ispušta kemikaliju bisfenol A i to zaista pokazuje kako je ponekad jedino roditeljska samosvijest ono što stoji između kemikalija i naše djece. Slučaj s dječjim bočicama dokazuje da možemo spriječiti nepotrebno izlaganje. Kako god, ako mi roditelji nismo svjesni, ostavljamo svoju djecu da se sama brane.
TH: And what Penelope says here is even more true. For those of you who don't know, we're in the middle of the sixth mass extinction. Scientists agree now. We are losing species from the Earth faster than the dinosaurs disappeared, and leading that loss are amphibians. 80 percent of all amphibians are threatened and in come decline. And I believe, many scientists believe that pesticides are an important part of that decline. In part, amphibians are good indicators and more sensitive because they don't have protection from contaminants in the water -- no eggshells, no membranes and no placenta. In fact, our invention -- by "our" I mean we mammals -- one of our big inventions was the placenta. But we also start out as aquatic organisms.
TH: Ono što Penelope ovdje kaže je još točnije. Za vas koji ne znate, upravo smo usred šestog masovnog izumiranja. Znanstvenici se sada slažu. Gubimo vrste sa Zemlje brže no što su nestali dinosauri, a vodeći u tom gubitku su vodozemci. 80% svih vodozemaca ugroženo je i u opadanju. I ja vjerujem, zapravo mnogi znanstvenici vjeruju da su pesticidi važan dio tog opadanja. Djelomično, vodozemci su dobri pokazatelji i osjetljiviji su jer nemaju zaštitu od onečišćenja u vodi – nemaju ljusku poput jajeta, nemaju membrane i nemaju posteljice. Zapravo, naš izum – a pod „našim“ mislim na nas sisavce – jedan od naših velikih izuma je posteljica. Ali i mi također započinjemo kao vodeni organizmi.
But it turns out that this ancient structure that separates us from other animals, the placenta, cannot evolve or adapt fast enough because of the rate that we're generating new chemicals that it's never seen before. The evidence of that is that studies in rats, again with atrazine, show that the hormone imbalance atrazine generates causes abortion. Because maintaining a pregnancy is dependent on hormones.
Čini se da ta drevna struktura koja nas odvaja od ostalih životinja, posteljica, ne može evoluirati ili se dovoljno brzo prilagoditi zbog tempa kojim stvaramo nove kemikalije koje nikad prije nisu bile viđene. Dokaz tome je studija sa štakorima, opet s atrazinom, koja pokazuje da disbalans hormona koji atrazin stvara uzrokuje pobačaj. Zato što je održavanje trudnoće ovisno o hormonima.
Of those rats that don't abort, atrazine causes prostate disease in the pups so the sons are born with an old man's disease. Of those that don't abort, atrazine causes impaired mammary, or breast, development in the exposed daughters in utero, so that their breast don't develop properly. And as a result, when those rats grow up, their pups experience retarded growth and development because they can't make enough milk to nourish their pups.
Kod štakora koji nemaju pobačaj, atrazin uzrokuje bolesti prostate kod mladunčadi pa su sinovi rođeni s bolestima starije populacije. Kod onih koji ne pobace, atrazin uzrokuje umanjene dojke ili grudi, kod razvoja izloženih kćeri u maternici, pa im se dojke ne mogu pravilno razviti. Kao rezultat, kad ti štakori narastu, njihova mladunčad doživljava zaostali rast i razvoj zato što ne mogu stvoriti dovoljno mlijeka kako bi prehranili svoju mladunčad.
So the pup you see on the bottom is affected by atrazine that its grandmother was exposed to. And given the life of many of these chemicals, generations, years, dozens of years, that means that we right now are affecting the health of our grandchildren's grandchildren by things that we're putting into the environment today.
Na mladunca kojeg vidite na dnu utjecao je atrazin kojemu je bila izložena njegova baka. A s obzirom na život mnogih od ovih kemikalija, generacijama, godinama, desecima godina, to znači da mi sada utječemo na zdravlje unučadi naših unuka zbog stvari koje danas odlažemo u okoliš.
And this is not just philosophical, it's already known, that chemicals like diethylstilbestrol and estrogen, PCBs, DDT cross the placenta and effectively determine the likelihood of developing breast cancer and obesity and diabetes already when the baby's in the womb. In addition to that, after the baby's born, our other unique invention as mammals is that we nourish our offspring after they're born. We already know that chemicals like DDT and DES and atrazine can also pass over into milk, again, affecting our babies even after their born.
To nije samo filozofsko, to je već poznato, kemikalije poput dietilstilbestrola (DES) i estrogena, PCB (poliklorirani bifenili), DDT (dikloro-difenil-trikloetan) prolaze kroz posteljicu i učinkovito određuju vjerojatnost razvoja raka dojke, gojaznosti i dijabetesa dok je dijete još u maternici. Kao dodatak tome, nakon što se dijete rodi, još jedan izum nas sisavaca je da mi hranimo svoje potomke nakon rođenja. Već znamo da kemikalije poput DDT-a, DES-a i atrazina mogu prijeći u mlijeko, opet, djelujući na našu djecu čak i nakon rođenja.
PJC: So when Tyrone tells me that the placenta is an ancient organ, I'm thinking, how do I demonstrate that? How do you show that? And it's interesting when you make a film like this, because you're stuck trying to visualize science that there's no visualization for. And I have to take a little bit of artistic license.
PJC: Dakle, kada mi Tyrone kaže da je posteljica drevni organ, razmišljam o tome kako to demonstrirati? Kako to možete pokazati? A to je zanimljivo kada radite film poput ovog, zato što ste zapeli pokušavajući vizualizirati znanost za koju ne postoji vizualizacija. I moram uzeti malo umjetničke slobode.
(Video) (Ringing) Old man: Placenta control. What is it? Oh what? (Snoring) (Honk) Puffuffuff, what? Perflourooctanoic acid. Blimey. Never heard of it. PJC: And neither had I actually before I started making this film. And so when you realize that chemicals can pass the placenta and go into your unborn child, it made me start to think, what would my fetus say to me? What would our unborn children say to us when they have an exposure that's happening everyday, day after day?
(Video) (Zvonjava) Starac: Kontrola posteljice. Što je to? O, što? (Hrkanje) (Truba) Puffuffuff, što? Perfluorooktanska kiselina. Opa. Nikad čuo za to. PJC: A nisam ni ja sve dok nisam počela raditi ovaj film. Onog trena kad shvatite da kemikalije mogu prolaziti kroz posteljicu i ući u vaše nerođeno dijete, počela sam se pitati, što bi moj fetus meni rekao? Što bi naša nerođena djeca nama rekla da su svakog dana izložena, dan za danom?
(Music)
(Glazba)
(Video) Child: Today, I had some octyphenols, some artificial musks and some bisphenol A. Help me.
(Video) Dijete: Danas sam dobio nešto octifenola, nešto umjetnog mošusa i nešto bisfenola A. Pomozi mi.
PJC: It's a very profound notion to know that we as women are at the vanguard of this. This is our issue, because we collect these compounds our entire life and then we end up dumping it and dumping them into our unborn children. We are in effect polluting our children. And this was something that was really brought home to me a year ago when I found out I was pregnant and the first scan revealed that my baby had a birth defect associated with exposure to estrogenic chemicals in the womb and the second scan revealed no heartbeat.
PJC: Vrlo je dubok pojam to da znamo da smo kao žene prethodnice ovoga. To je naš problem zato što mi skupljamo ove spojeve cijeli svoj život i onda ih istovarimo i to u svoju nerođenu djecu. Mi zagađujemo svoju djecu. A to je nešto što sam shvatila prije godinu dana kada sam saznala da sam trudna i kada je prvi pregled pokazao da moje dijete ima urođenu manu povezanu s izlaganjem estrogenim kemikalijama u maternici, a drugi je pregled pokazao da ne postoje otkucaji srca.
So my child's death, my baby's death, really brought home the resonance of what I was trying to make in this film. And it's sometimes a weird place when the communicator becomes part of the story, which is not what you originally intend. And so when Tyrone talks about the fetus being trapped in a contaminated environment, this is my contaminated environment. This is my toxic baby. And that's something that's just profound and sad, but astonishing because so many of us don't actually know this.
Dakle, smrt mog djeteta, smrt moje bebe stvarno mi je omogućila da shvatim zvučnost onoga što sam pokušavala napraviti u ovom filmu. A to je ponekad čudno mjesto kada dojavljivač postane dio priče, što zapravo nije ono što ste prvotno namjeravali. Kada Tyrone priča o fetusu zarobljenom u zagađenoj okolini, to je moja zagađena okolina. To je moje otrovano dijete. To je nešto što je jednostavno duboko i tužno, ali zapanjujuće jer mnogi od nas to uopće ne znaju.
TH: One of this things that's exciting and appropriate for me to be here at TEDWomen is that, well, I think it was summed up best last night at dinner when someone said, "Turn to the man at your table and tell them, 'When the revolution starts, we've got your back.'" The truth is, women, you've had our back on this issue for a very long time, starting with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" to Theo Colborn's "Our Stolen Future" to Sandra Steingraber's books "Living Downstream" and "Having Faith." And perhaps it's the connection to our next generation -- like my wife and my beautiful daughter here about 13 years ago -- perhaps it's that connection that makes women activists in this particular area.
TH: Jedna od ovih stvari koja je uzbudljiva i prigodna za mene kako bih bio ovdje na TEDWomenu je to što, pa, mislim da je to najbolje sažeto jučer za vrijeme večere kad je netko rekao, „Okrenite se prema muškarcima za vašim stolom i recite im, 'Kad započne revolucija, čuvamo vam leđa.'“ Istina je, žene, da ste dugo čuvale leđa što se tiče ovog problema, počevši od Rachel Carson i njenog „Tihog proljeća“ do Thea Colborna i „Naše izgubljene budućnosti“ sve do knjiga Sandre Steingraber „Živeći nizvodno“ i „Imati vjere“. Možda je to veza s našom sljedećom generacijom – poput moje žene i moje kćeri ovdje prije 13 godina – možda je to veza koja stvara ženske aktivistice u ovom određenom području.
But for the men here, I want to say it's not just women and children that are at risk. And the frogs that are exposed to atrazine, the testes are full of holes and spaces, because the hormone imbalance, instead of allowing sperm to be generated, such as in the testis here, the testicular tubules end up empty and fertility goes down by as much as 50 percent. It's not just my work in amphibians, but similar work has been shown in fish in Europe, holes in the testes and absence of sperm in reptiles in a group from South America and in rats, an absence of sperm in the testicular tubules as well. And of course, we don't do these experiments in humans, but just by coincidence, my colleague has shown that men who have low sperm count, low semen quality have significantly more atrazine in their urine.
Ali za muškarce ovdje, želim reći da nisu samo žene i djeca izloženi. A žabe koje su izložene atrazinu, njihovi su testisi puni rupa i praznina zbog disbalansa hormona. Umjesto da dopuštaju proizvodnju sperme, kao što je u ovim testisima, testikularni tubuli ostaju prazni i plodnost pada za čak 50%. Nije tako samo s mojim radom na vodozemcima, sličan je rad to pokazao i na ribama u Europi, rupe u testisima i odsutnost sperme kod gmazova u nekim grupama u Južnoj Americi i kod štakora, također izostanak sperme u testikularnim tubulima. I naravno, ne radimo ove pokuse na ljudima, ali slučajno, moj kolega pokazao je da muškaraci koji imaju nizak broj sperme i nisku kvalitetu sjemena imaju značajno više atrazina u urinu.
These are just men who live in an agricultural community. Men who actually work in agriculture have much higher levels of atrazine. And the men who actually apply atrazine have even more atrazine in their urine, up to levels that are 24,000 times what we know to be active are present in the urine of these men. Of course, most of them, 90 percent are Mexican, Mexican-American. And it's not just atrazine they're exposed to. They're exposed to chemicals like chloropicrin, which was originally used as a nerve gas. And many of these workers have life expectancies of only 50.
Ovo su samo muškarci koji žive u poljoprivrednim zajednicama. Muškarci koji zapravo rade u poljoprivredi imaju mnogo više razine atrazina. A muškarci koji koriste atrazin imaju čak i više atrazina u urinu, sve do razina koje su 24.000 puta aktivnije od onog što nam je poznato u urinu tih muškaraca. Naravno, većina njih, 90% su Meksikanci, Meksiko-Amerikanci. I nisu izloženi samo atrazinu. Izloženi su kemikalijama poput kloropicrina koji je izvorno korišten kao nervni plin. I mnogi od ovih radnika imaju očekivani životni vijek od samo 50 godina.
It shouldn't come to any surprise that the things that happen in wildlife are also a warning to us, just like Rachel Carson and others have warned. As evident in this slide from Lake Nabugabo in Uganda, the agricultural runoff from this crop, which goes into these buckets, is the sole source of drinking, cooking and bathing water for this village. Now if I told the men in this village that the frogs have pour immune function and eggs developing in their testes, the connection between environmental health and public health would be clear. You would not drink water that you knew was having this kind of impact on the wildlife that lived in it. The problem is, in my village, Oakland, in most of our villages, we don't see that connection. We turn on the faucet, the water comes out, we assume it's safe, and we assume that we are masters of our environment, rather than being part of it.
Ne bi nam trebalo biti nikakvo iznenađenje da su stvari koje se događaju kod divljih životinja također upozorenje za nas, baš kao što su nas Rachel Carson i ostali upozorili. Kao što je vidljivo na ovom slajdu s jezera Nabugabo u Ugandi, poljoprivredno otjecanje s ovih usjeva koje ide u ove kante jedini je izvor vode za piće, kuhanje i pranje za ovo selo. Da sam rekao muškarcima u ovom selu da žabe imaju loš imunološki sustav i da im se jaja razvijaju u testisima, veza između zdravlja okoliša i javnog zdravlja bila bi jasna. Ne biste pili vodu za koju znate da ima ovakav učinak na divlji život u kojemu živite. Problem je, u mom selu, Oaklandu, u većini naših sela, ne vidimo tu vezu. Okrenemo slavinu, voda izađe, pretpostavimo da je sigurna i pretpostavimo da smo gospodari svoje okoline, radije nego da smo dio nje.
PJC: So it doesn't take much to realize that actually this is an environmental issue. And I kept thinking over and over again this question. We know so much about global warming and climate change, and yet, we have no concept of what I've been calling internal environmentalism. We know what we're putting out there, we have a sense of those repercussions, but we are so ignorant of this sense of what happens when we put things, or things are put into our bodies.
PJC: Ne treba vam mnogo da biste shvatili kako je ovo zapravo ekološki problem. Ja stalno razmišljam o tom pitanju. Toliko znamo o globalnom zagrijavanju i promjeni klime, a ipak nemamo koncept za nešto što ja nazivam unutarnjom sredinom. Znamo što stavljamo van, imamo osjećaj tih odjeka, ali toliko smo neupućeni u taj osjećaj što se događa kad stavljamo stvari negdje ili kad nam stvari dospiju u tijela.
And it's my feeling and it's my urging being here to know that, as we women move forward as the communicators of this, but also as the ones who carry that burden of carrying the children, bearing the children, we hold most of the buying power in the household, is that it's going to be us moving forward to carry the work of Tyrone and other scientists around the world. And my urging is that when we think about environmental issues that we remember that it's not just about melting glaciers and ice caps, but it's also about our children as well.
Moj je osjećaj i moj je nagon biti ovdje kako bi to znala, kako mi žene krećemo naprijed kao dojavljivači ovoga, ali i također kao one koje nose breme nošenja djece, rađanja djece, držimo većinu kupovne moći u kućanstvu, hoće li to biti ono što će nas pokrenuti naprijed da nosimo rad Tyronea i ostalih znanstvenika diljem svijeta. A moj je nagon da se, kada pomislimo o ekološkim problemima, sjetimo da to nisu samo otapanja ledenjaka i ledenih santi, već su to i naša djeca.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)