Last year at TED we aimed to try to clarify the overwhelming complexity and richness that we experience at the conference in a project called Big Viz. And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches that were made by two visual artists. David Sibbet from The Grove, and Kevin Richards, from Autodesk, made 650 sketches that strive to capture the essence of each presenter's ideas. And the consensus was: it really worked. These sketches brought to life the key ideas, the portraits, the magic moments that we all experienced last year.
Lani smo na konferenci TED želeli pojasniti neverjetno kompleksnost in bogastvo, ki smo ga izkusili pri projektu imenovanem Big Viz. Big Viz je zbirka 650-ih skic, ki sta jih ustvarila dva vizualna umetnika. David Sibbet iz The Grove-a in Kevin Richards iz Autodesk-a sta s 650-imi skicami skušala predstaviti bistvo idej vsakega govorca. Strinjali smo se, da je načrt uspel. Te skice so oživile glavne ideje, portrete, čarobne trenutke, ki smo jih doživeli lansko leto.
This year we were thinking, "Why does it work?" What is it about animation, graphics, illustrations, that create meaning? And this is an important question to ask and answer because the more we understand how the brain creates meaning, the better we can communicate, and, I also think, the better we can think and collaborate together. So this year we're going to visualize how the brain visualizes.
Letos smo razmišljali: "Zakaj nam je uspelo?" Kako animacije, grafike in ilustracije ustvarjajo pomen? In to je pomembno vprašanje, ki si zasluži odgovor. Ker bolj ko razumemo, kako možgani ustvarjajo pomen, bolj učinkovito lahko komuniciramo. Menim tudi, da lahko bolj učinkovito razmišljamo in sodelujemo. Zato si bomo letos predstavljali, kako si možgani predstavljajo.
Cognitive psychologists now tell us that the brain doesn't actually see the world as it is, but instead, creates a series of mental models through a collection of "Ah-ha moments," or moments of discovery, through various processes.
Kognitivni psihologi pravijo, da možgani ne vidijo sveta takšnega, kot je, ampak ustvarjajo vrsto miselnih modelov s pomočjo "aha trenutkov" ali trenutkov odkritja, s pomočjo različnih procesov.
The processing, of course, begins with the eyes. Light enters, hits the back of the retina, and is circulated, most of which is streamed to the very back of the brain, at the primary visual cortex. And primary visual cortex sees just simple geometry, just the simplest of shapes. But it also acts like a kind of relay station that re-radiates and redirects information to many other parts of the brain. As many as 30 other parts that selectively make more sense, create more meaning through the kind of "Ah-ha" experiences. We're only going to talk about three of them.
Predelovanje informacij se seveda začne pri očeh. Svetloba vstopi in se dotakne očesne mrežnice, ki jo usmeri v zadnji del možganov, v primarno vidno skorjo. Ta vidi samo preprosto geometrijo, samo najpreprostejše oblike. Deluje pa tudi kot nekakšna vmesna postaja, ki posreduje in preusmerja informacije v mnoge druge dele možganov. Celih 30 delov selektivno ustvarja več pomena skozi "aha trenutke". Govorili bomo o treh izmed njih.
So the first one is called the ventral stream. It's on this side of the brain. And this is the part of the brain that will recognize what something is. It's the "what" detector. Look at a hand. Look at a remote control. Chair. Book. So that's the part of the brain that is activated when you give a word to something.
Prvi se imenuje ventralna pot. Leži na tej strani možganov. Ta del prepozna, kaj nekaj je. To je detektor "kaj". Poglejte roko. Poglejte daljinca. Stol. Knjigo. Ta del možganov se torej aktivira, ko nekaj poimenujemo.
A second part of the brain is called the dorsal stream. And what it does is locates the object in physical body space. So if you look around the stage here you'll create a kind of mental map of the stage. And if you closed your eyes you'd be able to mentally navigate it. You'd be activating the dorsal stream if you did that.
Drugi del možganov se imenuje dorzalna pot. Ta del določi lego predmeta v fizičnem prostoru. Če se razgledamo po tem odru, si bomo ustvarili miselni zemljevid odra. In če zapremo oči, se bomo lahko po njem v mislih orientirali. Če to storimo, aktiviramo dorzalno pot.
The third part that I'd like to talk about is the limbic system. And this is deep inside of the brain. It's very old, evolutionarily. And it's the part that feels. It's the kind of gut center, where you see an image and you go, "Oh! I have a strong or emotional reaction to whatever I'm seeing."
Tretji del, ki bi ga rad omenil, je limbični sistem. Leži globoko znotraj možganov in je evolucijsko zelo star. To je del, s katerim čutimo. Je center občutkov, npr. ko vidimo neko podobo in si rečemo: "O! Močno ali čustveno reagiram na to, kar vidim."
So the combination of these processing centers help us make meaning in very different ways. So what can we learn about this? How can we apply this insight? Well, again, the schematic view is that the eye visually interrogates what we look at. The brain processes this in parallel, the figments of information asking a whole bunch of questions to create a unified mental model.
Kombinacija teh treh procesnih centrov nam pomaga ustvarjati pomen na zelo različne načine. Kaj se lahko naučimo o tem? Kako lahko to uporabimo? Torej, še enkrat, shematičen pogled pokaže, da oko vizualno preučuje to, kar gledamo. Možgani vzporedno obdelajo te navidezne delce informacij, tako da postavijo cel kup vprašanj in ustvarijo enoten miselni model.
So, for example, when you look at this image a good graphic invites the eye to dart around, to selectively create a visual logic. So the act of engaging, and looking at the image creates the meaning. It's the selective logic. Now we've augmented this and spatialized this information. Many of you may remember the magic wall that we built in conjunction with Perceptive Pixel where we quite literally create an infinite wall. And so we can compare and contrast the big ideas. So the act of engaging and creating interactive imagery enriches meaning. It activates a different part of the brain. And then the limbic system is activated when we see motion, when we see color, and there are primary shapes and pattern detectors that we've heard about before.
Zato ko pogledamo to podobo, na primer, dobra grafika vabi oko, da jo razišče, da selektivno ustvari vizualno logiko. Osredotočanje in gledanje podobe ustvarita pomen. To je selektivna logika. Zdaj smo izboljšali in specializirali te informacije. Mnogi od vas se morda spomnite čarobne stene, ki smo jo zgradili skupaj s Perceptive Pixlom. Skoraj dobesedno smo ustvarili neskončno steno. Tako lahko primerjamo in razločujemo velike ideje. Vključevanje uporabnika in ustvarjanje interaktivnih podob obogatita pomen. Aktivira se drug del možganov. Limbični sistem se aktivira, ko vidimo gibanje in barve. Sodelujejo tudi detektorji osnovnih oblik in vzorcev, o katerih smo govorili prej.
So the point of this is what? We make meaning by seeing, by an act of visual interrogation. The lessons for us are three-fold. First, use images to clarify what we're trying to communicate. Secondly make those images interactive so that we engage much more fully. And the third is to augment memory by creating a visual persistence. These are techniques that can be used to be -- that can be applied in a wide range of problem solving.
Kaj je torej bistvo tega? Pomen ustvarjamo z gledanjem, z vizualnim preučevanjem. Iz tega se lahko naučimo troje. Prvič, podobe nam pomagajo pojasniti, kar želimo povedati. Drugič, te podobe naj bodo interaktivne, ker bolj pritegnejo našo pozornost. In tretje je vplivanje na spomin z ustvarjanjem trajnega vizualnega učinka. To so tehnike, ki jih lahko uporabimo pri reševanju dolge vrste problemov.
So the low-tech version looks like this. And, by the way, this is the way in which we develop and formulate strategy within Autodesk, in some of our organizations and some of our divisions. What we literally do is have the teams draw out the entire strategic plan on one giant wall. And it's very powerful because everyone gets to see everything else. There's always a room, always a place to be able to make sense of all of the components in the strategic plan.
Enostavna različica je videti tako. Mimogrede, na ta način razvijamo in oblikujemo strategije v Autodesku, v nekaterih naših organizacijah in oddelkih. Kar počnemo je, da ekipe izrišejo celoten strateški načrt na ogromno steno. To je zelo učinkovito, saj lahko vsak vidi vse. Vedno imamo dovolj prostora, da si lahko razložimo vse komponente strateškega načrta.
This is a time-lapse view of it. You can ask the question, "Who's the boss?" You'll be able to figure that out. (Laughter) So the act of collectively and collaboratively building the image transforms the collaboration. No Powerpoint is used in two days. But instead the entire team creates a shared mental model that they can all agree on and move forward on.
Tukaj je hitri posnetek procesa. Vprašali se boste: "Kdo je šef?" To lahko hitro ugotovite. Skupinsko sodelovanje pri ustvarjanju podobe spremeni samo sodelovanje. Cela dva dni ne uporabljamo Powerpointa. Namesto tega celotna ekipa ustvari skupinski miselni model, s katerim se lahko vsi strinjajo in ga razvijajo naprej.
And this can be enhanced and augmented with some emerging digital technology. And this is our great unveiling for today. And this is an emerging set of technologies that use large-screen displays with intelligent calculation in the background to make the invisible visible. Here what we can do is look at sustainability, quite literally. So a team can actually look at all the key components that heat the structure and make choices and then see the end result that is visualized on this screen.
To lahko izboljšamo in povečamo z najnovejšo digitalno tehnologijo. In to je naše veliko razkritje. To je najnovejša tehnologija, ki uporablja velike zaslone z inteligentnimi izračuni v ozadju, ki nevidno spremenijo v vidno. Tukaj si lahko skoraj dobesedno ogledamo vzdržljivost. Ekipa si lahko dejansko ogleda vse glavne komponente, ki segrevajo strukturo, določi ukrepe in si ogleda končni rezultat, ki se prikaže na zaslonu.
So making images meaningful has three components. The first again, is making ideas clear by visualizing them. Secondly, making them interactive. And then thirdly, making them persistent. And I believe that these three principles can be applied to solving some of the very tough problems that we face in the world today. Thanks so much.
Dodajanje pomena podobam ima tri komponente. Prvič, vizualno ponazarjanje idej. Drugič, ustvarjanje interaktivnih podob. In še tretjič, ustvarjanje trajnih podob. Menim, da lahko te tri principe uporabimo pri reševanju nekaterih zapletenih problemov, s katerimi se danes soočamo. Najlepša hvala.
(Applause)
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