I'm here to offer you a new way to think about my field, artificial intelligence. I think the purpose of AI is to empower humans with machine intelligence. And as machines get smarter, we get smarter. I call this "humanistic AI" -- artificial intelligence designed to meet human needs by collaborating and augmenting people. Now, today I'm happy to see that the idea of an intelligent assistant is mainstream. It's the well-accepted metaphor for the interface between humans and AI. And the one I helped create is called Siri.
Men bu yerda turishimdan maqsad, soham, sun'iy intellekt haqida yangicha fikrlashni taklif qilish. Menimcha SI ning maqsadi bu insonlarni mashina intellekti bilan kuchaytirishdir. Mashinalar aqlliroq bo'lgan sari biz aqlliroq bo'lamiz. Men buni "insoniy SI" deb atayman. Sun'iy intellekt odamlar bilan o'zaro ishlashi va ularni rivojlanishiga yordam berishi orqali insonlarning ehtiyojlarini qondiradi. Hozirgi kunda yordamchi intellekt g'oyasi katta mavzuga aylanganligidan juda hursandman. Bu odamlar va SI o'rtasidagi faollikni ifodalash uchun o'rinli metaforadir. Men yaratishga hissamni qo'shgan SI Siri deb ataladi.
You know Siri. Siri is the thing that knows your intent and helps you do it for you, helps you get things done. But what you might not know is that we designed Siri as humanistic AI, to augment people with a conversational interface that made it possible for them to use mobile computing, regardless of who they were and their abilities.
Siz Sirini bilasiz. Siri sizning maqsadingizni tushuna oladi, hamda uni amalga oshirishda yordam beradi, va uni bajarishda qo'l keladi. Ammo siz bilmaydigan bitta narsa bor: Sirini aslida ijtimoiy SI sifatida, suhbat interfeysida insonni o'rnini to'ldirib turishi uchun va mobil hisoblash vazifalarini bajarishda yordam berishi uchun ishlab chiqqan edik.
Now for most of us, the impact of this technology is to make things a little bit easier to use. But for my friend Daniel, the impact of the AI in these systems is a life changer. You see, Daniel is a really social guy, and he's blind and quadriplegic, which makes it hard to use those devices that we all take for granted. The last time I was at his house, his brother said, "Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready. He's on the phone with a woman he met online." I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?" Well, Daniel uses Siri to manage his own social life -- his email, text and phone -- without depending on his caregivers. This is kind of interesting, right? The irony here is great. Here's the man whose relationship with AI helps him have relationships with genuine human beings. And this is humanistic AI.
Hozirda ko'pchiligimiz uchun bu texnologiyaning ta'siri ish bajarishni biroz bo'lsa-da yengillashtirishidadir. Lekin mening do'stim Daniel uchun buning ta'siri butun hayotini o'zgartirdi. Bilasizmi, Daniel juda ham kirishimli yigit, lekin u ko'r va qo'l oyoqlari shol. Shuning uchun biz bemalol ishlata oladigan moslamalarni u ishlata olmaydi. Ohirgi marta men uning uyiga borganimda uning akasi "Biroz kuting, Daniel hali tayyor emas. U online tanishgan qizi bilan gaplashyapti" dedi. Men "Zo'rku, buni qanday uddaladi?" dedim. Daniel ijtimoiy hayotini boshqarish uchun Siridan foydalanadi. U ko'makdoshining yordamisiz e-mail, sms va qo'ng'iroq qila olishi mumkin. Bu qiziq, shunday emasmi? Taqdir hazili shundaki, Sun'iy Intellekt unga aqlli inson bilan muloqot qilishda yordam berayapti. Bu insoniy Sun'iy Intellektdir.
Another example with life-changing consequences is diagnosing cancer. When a doctor suspects cancer, they take a sample and send it to a pathologist, who looks at it under a microscope. Now, pathologists look at hundreds of slides and millions of cells every day. So to support this task, some researchers made an AI classifier. Now, the classifier says, "Is this cancer or is this not cancer?" looking at the pictures. The classifier was pretty good, but not as good as the person, who got it right most of the time.
Yana bir yorqin misol bu saraton kasalligiga tashhis qo'yishdadir. Vrachlar saratonni gumon qilganda, ular qondan namuna olib patologga jo'natadi. Patolog uni mikroskopda ko'radi. Patologlar bir kunda yuzlab namunalar va minglab hujayralarga qaraydi. Bu vazifani yengillashtirish maqsadida ba'zi olimlar tasniflagich SI yaratishdi. Ushbu tasniflagich namunalarga qarab saraton bor yoki yo'qligini aytadi. Dastlab tasniflagich juda yaxshi ishlayotgan edi, lekin inson kabi doim ham to'g'ri aytib bera olmasdi.
But when they combine the ability of the machine and the human together, accuracy went to 99.5 percent. Adding that AI to a partnership eliminated 85 percent of the errors that the human pathologist would have made working alone. That's a lot of cancer that would have otherwise gone untreated. Now, for the curious, it turns out that the human was better at rejecting false positives, and the machine was better at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases. But the lesson here isn't about which agent is better at this image-classification task. Those things are changing every day. The lesson here is that by combining the abilities of the human and machine, it created a partnership that had superhuman performance. And that is humanistic AI.
Ammo qachonki olimlar inson intellekti va mashina qobiliyatini birlashtira olganda aniqlik 99.5 foizga oshdi. Shunda SI bilan hamkorlikda ishlash patologlar bir o'zlari ishlaganda qiladigan xatoliklarini 85 foizga kamaytirdi. Bu juda ham ko'p oldi olinmagan saraton kasalliklaridir. Qizig'i shundaki, insonlar yolg'on alomatni inkor etishni yaxshi uddalasa, mashina esa aniqlanishi qiyin bo'lgan alomatlarni topa oladi. Bundagi saboq qaysi biri tasniflash vazifasini yaxshi bajara olishida emas. Chunki narsalar doim o'zgarib turadi. Balki, inson va dastgoh qobiliyatini birlashtirish orqali superinsoniy vazifani bajarishda sheriklik yaratilishidir. Bu insoniy SI dir.
Now let's look at another example with turbocharging performance. This is design. Now, let's say you're an engineer. You want to design a new frame for a drone. You get out your favorite software tools, CAD tools, and you enter the form and the materials, and then you analyze performance. That gives you one design. If you give those same tools to an AI, it can generate thousands of designs.
Keling, yana bir misolni olaylik. Bu tezlikni yaratishdir. Masalan, siz muhandissiz. Siz dron uchun rom yaratmoqchisiz. Siz uni eng yoqtirgan dasturli 3D dasturingizda tayyorlaysiz va shaklni hamda homashyolarni kiritasiz. So'ng siz bajarilishini tahlil qilasiz. Bu bitta dizaynni beradi. Agar siz o'sha dastgohlarni SI ga bersangiz, u minglab dizaynlarni yarata oladi.
This video by Autodesk is amazing. This is real stuff. So this transforms how we do design. The human engineer now says what the design should achieve, and the machine says, "Here's the possibilities." Now in her job, the engineer's job is to pick the one that best meets the goals of the design, which she knows as a human better than anyone else, using human judgment and expertise. In this case, the winning form looks kind of like something nature would have designed, minus a few million years of evolution and all that unnecessary fur.
Autodesk yaratgan ushbu video ajoyib. Bu haqiqatdan ham ajoyib. U biz dizayn qilgan narsani yaratadi. Muhandis inson dizayn bilan nimaga erishish kerakligini aytadi va mashina "Mana namunalar" deb ko'rsatadi va endi muhandisning vazifasi inson sifatida o'zi ma'qul deb biladigan, dizayn maqsadiga mos tushadigan variantni insoniy fikr va tajribaga asoslanib tanlaydi. Natijada yaratilgan mahsulot huddi tabiat yaratgan narsaday ko'rinadi. Bir necha million yillik evolyutsiya va shuncha keraksiz bo'lgan mo'yna.
Now let's see where this idea of humanistic AI might lead us if we follow it into the speculative beyond. What's a kind of augmentation that we would all like to have? Well, how about cognitive enhancement? Instead of asking, "How smart can we make our machines?" let's ask "How smart can our machines make us?" I mean, take memory for example. Memory is the foundation of human intelligence. But human memory is famously flawed. We're great at telling stories, but not getting the details right. And our memories -- they decay over time. I mean, like, where did the '60s go, and can I go there, too?
Keling endi bu insoniy SI, agar biz uni ortidan ergashsak, qayerga yetaklab olib borishi mumkinligi haqida gaplashaylik. Biz hammamiz qanaqa rivojlanishni istaymiz? Kognitiv rivojlanishga nima deysiz? "Biz mashinalarni qanchalik aqlli qila olamiz?" deb so'rashni o'rniga, keling, "Ular bizni qanchalik aqlli qilishi mumkin?" deb so'raylik. Misol sifatida xotirani olaylik. Xotira bu inson intellektining asosidir. Lekin inson xotirasi kamchilikka egaligi hammaga ma'lum. Biz hikoya qilishda yaxshimiz, ammo uning detallarida unchalik emas. Va bizning xotiramiz vaqt o'tishi bilan sustlashadi. Ya'ni, 60-yillar qayga ketgan bo'lsa men ham o'sha yerga ketaman.
(Laughter)
(Kulgu)
But what if you could have a memory that was as good as computer memory, and was about your life? What if you could remember every person you ever met, how to pronounce their name, their family details, their favorite sports, the last conversation you had with them? If you had this memory all your life, you could have the AI look at all the interactions you had with people over time and help you reflect on the long arc of your relationships. What if you could have the AI read everything you've ever read and listen to every song you've ever heard? From the tiniest clue, it could help you retrieve anything you've ever seen or heard before. Imagine what that would do for the ability to make new connections and form new ideas.
Ammo sizda kompyuter xotirasi singari xotira bo'lganda nima qilgan bo'lardingiz? Siz hayotingizda uchratgan har bir inson ismini eslab, ismini qanday qilib talaffuz qilishni, ularning oilasiga taaluqli detallarni, xatto so'nggi bor qachon gaplashganingizni eslay olganingizda nima bo'lardi? Sizda shunday xotira butun umr davomida bo'lsa, barcha insonlar bilan qilingan suhbatlarni ko'rish va ancha oldingi munosabatlaringizni eslashga yordam bera oladigan SI bo'lsa. Agarda SI siz o'qigan har qanday narsani o'qib bera olsa va eshitgan har qanday musiqasini kuylab bera olsa nima bo'lgan bo'lardi? Kichkinagina ishora bilan u sizga oldin eshitgan har qanday narsani eslatib bera olsa, siz yangi aloqalar qilish va yangi g'oyalar shakllantirish qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishni tasavvur qilib ko'ring.
And what about our bodies? What if we could remember the consequences of every food we eat, every pill we take, every all-nighter we pull? We could do our own science on our own data about what makes us feel good and stay healthy. And imagine how this could revolutionize the way we manage allergies and chronic disease.
Bizning tanamizchi? Biz yegan har bitta ovqatimiz, qabul qilgan tabletkamiz va yotishdan oldin qabul qilgan dori ta'sirini eslay olganimizdachi? Bizda to'plangan ma'lumotlardan kelib chiqib, nimalar o'zimizni yaxshi his qilishimizga undashi haqida ilmiy ish qilishimiz mumkin. Tasavvur eting, allergiya va surunkali kasalliklarni boshqarishimizda bu qanchalik qo'l kelishini.
I believe that AI will make personal memory enhancement a reality. I can't say when or what form factors are involved, but I think it's inevitable, because the very things that make AI successful today -- the availability of comprehensive data and the ability for machines to make sense of that data -- can be applied to the data of our lives. And those data are here today, available for all of us, because we lead digitally mediated lives, in mobile and online.
Men SI shaxsiy xotirani kuchaytira olishiga ishonaman. Men qachon va qanday omillar bilan bog'liqligini aniq aytolmayman, ammo bu muqarrarligi aniq, chunki SI ni hozirgi kunda muvaffaqqiyatli qilgan narsa bu keng qamrovli ma'lumotlar bazasidir, mashinalarning ushbu bazadan har kunlik turmushda foydalana olishidadir. Ushbu ma'lumotlar bazasi hozir hammamiz uchun mavjud, chunki biz telefonda va online orqali raqamli, vositali hayot olib borayapmiz.
In my view, a personal memory is a private memory. We get to choose what is and is not recalled and retained. It's absolutely essential that this be kept very secure.
Mening fikrimcha, shaxsiy xotira bu xususiy xotiradir. Biz nimani eslash kerakligini o'zimiz tanlaymiz. Bu mutlaqo alohida saqlanishi kerak.
Now for most of us, the impact of augmented personal memory will be a more improved mental gain, maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace. But for the millions who suffer from Alzheimer's and dementia, the difference that augmented memory could make is a difference between a life of isolation and a life of dignity and connection.
Hozir, bizning ko'pchiligimiz uchun rivojlangan shaxsiy xotira ta'siri yaxshilangan ruhiy yutuq bo'lardi. Ehtimol, bu ijtimoiy yutuq hamdir. Lekin Altsgeymer va ruhiy kasalligiga uchragan millionlab odamlar uchun rivojlangan xotira ularning hayotiga o'zgarish kiritishi ular hayotidagi yolg'izlik, qadr-qimmat, hamda o'zaro aloqadagi o'zgarishdir.
We are in the middle of a renaissance in artificial intelligence right now. I mean, in just the past few years, we're beginning to see solutions to AI problems that we have struggled with literally for decades: speech understanding, text understanding, image understanding. We have a choice in how we use this powerful technology. We can choose to use AI to automate and compete with us, or we can use AI to augment and collaborate with us, to overcome our cognitive limitations and to help us do what we want to do, only better. And as we discover new ways to give machines intelligence, we can distribute that intelligence to all of the AI assistants in the world, and therefore to every person, regardless of circumstance. And that is why, every time a machine gets smarter, we get smarter.
Biz hozir sun'iy intellektning renessans davri o'rtasida turibmiz. Ya'ni, o'tgan bir necha yil davomida biz yillar davomida kurashib kelayotgan SI muammolariga yechimni kuzatishimiz mumkin. Bu muammolar suhbatni anglash, yozuvni va rasmni fahmlashdan iborat edi. Biz bunday kuchli texnologiyani qanday foydalanishni o'zimiz tanlashimiz mumkin. Biz SI ni bizni avtomatlashtirish va biz bilan raqobatlasha olishi, yoki undan bizni rivojlantirishi va biz bilan birga ishlashi uchun, bizning kognitiv cheklovlarimizni yengish va biz qilayotgan ishni yaxshiroq bajarish maqsadida foydalanishimiz mumkin. Biz mashinalarga intellekt o'rnatishning yangi yo'llarini topganimiz sari, ushbu intellektni sharoitidan qat'iy nazar, har bir ko'makdoshga muhtoj bo'lgan odamga yordam berishga hissamizni qo'shishimiz mumkin. Shuning uchun, har safar mashina aqlliroq bo'lgani sari biz aqlliroq bo'lamiz.
That is an AI worth spreading.
Shu sababli SI boshqalar bilan ulashishga arziydi.
Thank you.
Rahmat.
(Applause)
(Qarsaklar)