Hello, my name is Thomas Heatherwick. I have a studio in London that has a particular approach to designing buildings. When I was growing up, I was exposed to making and crafts and materials and invention on a small scale. And I was there looking at the larger scale of buildings and finding that the buildings that were around me and that were being designed and that were there in the publications I was seeing felt soulless and cold. And there on the smaller scale, the scale of an earring or a ceramic pot or a musical instrument, was a materiality and a soulfulness. And this influenced me. The first building I built was 20 years ago. And since, in the last 20 years, I've developed a studio in London. Sorry, this was my mother, by the way, in her bead shop in London. I spent a lot of time counting beads and things like that.
大家好,我叫托马斯·赫斯维克 我在伦敦有一间工作室 专门用来 设计建筑 在我成长的过程中 我接触过制造业 手工业和材料业 和小型的发明 当我望向 那些大型的建筑 发现 那些我们周围大型的建筑 那些设计的建筑 还有那些出版物上的建筑设计 是那么无神和冷酷 在那些小件的物品 像耳环 陶罐 或是乐器 都是实质化而且有神韵的 这深深影响了我 20年前我建造了第一座建筑 自从那时,在最近的20年里 我在伦敦设立了一个工作室 对不起,顺便说一下,这是我的母亲 在她伦敦的珠宝店 我花了很多时间在数珍珠和相似的事情上
I'm just going to show, for people who don't know my studio's work, a few projects that we've worked on. This is a hospital building. This is a shop for a bag company. This is studios for artists. This is a sculpture made from a million yards of wire and 150,000 glass beads the size of a golf ball. And this is a window display. And this is pair of cooling towers for an electricity substation next to St. Paul's Cathedral in London. And this is a temple in Japan for a Buddhist monk. And this is a cafe by the sea in Britain.
我现在要展示给那些不了解我工作室的人 一些我们做过的项目 这是一栋医院 这是一间卖包的店 这是艺术家的工作室 这是一座用 一百万码金属线 和15万颗高尔夫球大小 的玻璃珠做成的雕像 而这是橱窗展示 这是位于伦敦圣保罗大教堂 附近的变电所的 一对冷凝塔 这是一座日本的 佛教寺庙 这是英国靠海的 一座咖啡馆
And just very quickly, something we've been working on very recently is we were commissioned by the mayor of London to design a new bus that gave the passenger their freedom again. Because the original Routemaster bus that some of you may be familiar with, which had this open platform at the back -- in fact, I think all our Routemasters are here in California now actually. But they aren't in London. And so you're stuck on a bus. And if the bus is going to stop and it's three yards away from the bus stop, you're just a prisoner. But the mayor of London wanted to reintroduce buses with this open platform. So we've been working with Transport for London, and that organization hasn't actually been responsible as a client for a new bus for 50 years. And so we've been very lucky to have a chance to work. The brief is that the bus should use 40 percent less energy. So it's got hybrid drive. And we've been working to try to improve everything from the fabric to the format and structure and aesthetics.
大致的提一下 一些我们最近接受的工作 是受命于伦敦市长 来设计一款 能让乘客重获 自由上下的公交车 因为原本的双层巴士 你们有些可能会熟悉 是在后方有个开放式站台的-- 实际上,我觉得我们所有的双层巴士 现在都在加利福尼亚了 而不是在伦敦 那当你困在车里 如果汽车将要停靠 但是离站点还有三码距离的话 你就像个囚犯一般 但是伦敦市长想重新引进 这种有开放式站台的公车 我们已经和伦敦交通局进行了合作 这个部门 已经有50年 没有采购过新型的 公交汽车了 所以我们十分幸运有这次合作的机会 简单的讲公车需要减少40%的能量消耗 所以要采用混合型系统 我们正在研发 试着改进 所有的方面从结构 到设计 建造 美学
I was going to show four main projects. And this is a project for a bridge. And so we were commissioned to design a bridge that would open. And openings seemed -- everyone loves opening bridges, but it's quite a basic thing. I think we all kind of stand and watch. But the bridges that we saw that opened and closed -- I'm slightly squeamish -- but I once saw a photograph of a footballer who was diving for a ball. And as he was diving, someone had stamped on his knee, and it had broken like this. And then we looked at these kinds of bridges and just couldn't help feeling that it was a beautiful thing that had broken.
我将展示四个主要项目 这是一个桥梁的项目 我们被委托设计一座能开合的大桥 这种开合型的似乎-- 每个人都喜欢开合型的桥 但是有件事是很基本的 我觉得我们都曾站在一旁观看过 但是我们看到的桥 一开一合-- 我是有点反感的-- 自从我看过那张铲球的足球运动员 的照片 当他在铲球的,另外一个人踩在了他的膝盖上面 接着他的腿就像这样断了 然后当我们看这些桥的时候 就不经意间觉得 这美丽的建筑就这样毁了
And so this is in Paddington in London. And it's a very boring bridge, as you can see. It's just steel and timber. But instead of what it is, our focus was on the way it worked. (Applause) So we liked the idea that the two farthest bits of it would end up kissing each other. (Applause) We actually had to halve its speed, because everyone was too scared when we first did it. So that's it speeded up.
这是在伦敦帕丁顿 正如你看到的,这是一座很平常无趣的桥 只用了钢筋和木材 但是不去看他的材料 我们更关注于它如何运作 (掌声) 我们喜欢这种桥两端最终 互相吻合在一起的构想 (掌声) 实际上我们不得不把速度减半 因为我们第一次做的时候每个人都吓坏了 这是当它加速的情况
A project that we've been working on very recently is to design a new biomass power station -- so a power station that uses organic waste material. In the news, the subject of where our future water is going to come from and where our power is going to come from is in all the papers all the time. And we used to be quite proud of the way we generated power. But recently, any annual report of a power company doesn't have a power station on it. It has a child running through a field, or something like that.
近期我们着手的一个项目 是设计一座生物化学能发电站-- 那种用有机废料的发电站 在新闻界中 我们未来水的来源和能源 的来源相关的主题 一直占据了所有的版面 同时我们曾经对我们发电的方式表示自豪 但是近期 任何电力公司的年报 都不会把发电站印在上面 它们都印孩子跑过田野,或者类似的东西(TBR)
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And so when a consortium of engineers approached us and asked us to work with them on this power station, our condition was that we would work with them and that, whatever we did, we were not just going to decorate a normal power station. And instead, we had to learn -- we kind of forced them to teach us. And so we spent time traveling with them and learning about all the different elements, and finding that there were plenty of inefficiencies that weren't being capitalized on. That just taking a field and banging all these things out isn't necessarily the most efficient way that they could work.
所以当一个工程师联盟找到我们 并询问我们和他们一起合作发电站项目 我们的条件是我们能和他们合作 还有,无论我们做什么 我们不仅仅是在装修一座普通的发电站 反而,我们需要学习--我们是逼迫他们教我们 我们花时间和他们到处考察 学习所有不同的设备 并发现了有很多没有益处的 低效率的设备 那种找块地然后把所有设备组装在一起 不是让它运作的最有效的方式
So we looked at how we could compose all those elements -- instead of just litter, create one composition. And what we found -- this area is one of the poorest parts of Britain. It was voted the worst place in Britain to live. And there are 2,000 new homes being built next to this power station. So it felt this has a social dimension. It has a symbolic importance. And we should be proud of where our power is coming from, rather than something we are necessarily ashamed of.
所以我们在寻找该如何组装所有的设备-- 而不只是胡乱的组装成型 我们还发现-- 这块地区是英国最贫穷的地区之一 这曾被票选为英国最不适合生活的地方 未来将有2000户新房会建造在 这发电站旁 它引起来社会层面上的问题 它拥有着象征性的意义 我们应为我们能源的来源感到自豪 而不是感到羞愧
So we were looking at how we could make a power station, that, instead of keeping people out and having a big fence around the outside, could be a place that pulls you in. And it has to be -- I'm trying to get my -- 250 feet high. So it felt that what we could try to do is make a power park and actually bring the whole area in, and using the spare soil that's there on the site, we could make a power station that was silent as well. Because just that soil could make the acoustic difference. And we also found that we could make a more efficient structure and have a cost-effective way of making a structure to do this.
我们正在寻找我们如何才能建造发电站 而且,不是那种外围有很大的围栏 把人们排斥在外的 而是一个能吸引你的地方 它要-- 让我想想-- 200尺高 它就感觉好像我们在做的 是一个电力公园 并把整个地区都包括进去 而且利用地区周边空余的土地 我们能建造出一个安静的发电站 因为土壤 可以产生声波差 同时我们也发现我们可以用一种更高效的建筑 和一种划算的方式 来建造这种建筑
The finished project is meant to be more than just a power station. It has a space where you could have a bar mitzvah at the top. (Laughter) And it's a power park. So people can come and really experience this and also look out all around the area, and use that height that we have to have for its function.
项目最终 不仅仅只是一个发电站而已 它成了一个你甚至可以在顶部开成人礼酒会的地方 (笑声) 这是一个电力公园 人们可以切身的感受到 还能眺望四周的景观 并利用我们设计的高度
In Shanghai, we were invited to build -- well we weren't invited; what am I talking about. We won the competition, and it was painful to get there. (Laughter) So we won the competition to build the U.K. pavilion. And an expo is a totally bonkers thing. There's 250 pavilions. It's the world's biggest ever expo that had ever happened. So there are up to a million people there everyday. And 250 countries all competing. And the British government saying, "You need to be in the top five." And so that became the governmental goal -- is, how do you stand out in this chaos, which is an expo of stimulus? So our sense was we had to do one thing, and only one thing, instead of trying to have everything. And so what we also felt was that whatever we did we couldn't do a cheesy advert for Britain.
在上海 我们被邀请建造-- 其实我们不是被邀请的;看我在说什么呢 我们是赢得了比赛,这是一个艰辛的胜利 (笑声) 我们赢得了建造英国馆的比赛 世博会 完全就是件疯狂的事 有250个场馆 世上未曾有过的最大的世博会 每天都有上百万的人参观 有250个国家在竞争 而英国政府说 “你要进前五” 这就成了 政府的目标-- 就是,你如何在这混乱中脱颖而出 在竞争如此刺激的世博会中? 我们觉得我们要做一件事 只要一件事 而不是试着做每件事 我们还觉得 无论我们做什么我们也不能用廉价的方式展示英国
(Laughter)
(笑声)
But the thing that was true, the expo was about the future of cities, and particularly the Victorians pioneered integrating nature into the cities. And the world's first public park of modern times was in Britain. And the world's first major botanical institution is in London, and they have this extraordinary project where they've been collecting 25 percent of all the world's plant species. So we suddenly realized that there was this thing. And everyone agrees that trees are beautiful, and I've never met anyone who says, "I don't like trees." And the same with flowers. I've never met anyone who says, "I don't like flowers." But we realized that seeds -- there's been this very serious project happening -- but that seeds -- at these major botanical gardens, seeds aren't on show. But you just have to go to a garden center, and they're in little paper packets. But this phenomenal project's been happening. So we realized we had to make a project that would be seeds, some kind of seed cathedral.
但是有件事是真实的 世博会是关于未来的城市 特别是维多利亚时代的 那些把自然融入城市的先驱 世上现代社会中第一个大众开放的公园 是在英国 同时世上第一座大型植物机构 是在伦敦 它们有这一个特殊项目 收集了地球上25% 的植物 我们突然间意识到这是件重要的事 每个人都觉得树是美丽的 我从来没听到有人说过 “我不喜欢树” 的 花也是一样 我从来没有听到有人说过 “我讨厌花” 的 但是我们意识到种子-- 这已经进行为了一个很重要的项目-- 但是这些种子-- 在这些大型植物园 种子是不展示的 但是你只要去园地的角落 它们在那小的纸袋里面 但是这庞大的项目还在进行中 我们意识到我们需要做这个项目 利用种子,做成某种种子圣殿
But how could we show these teeny-weeny things? And the film "Jurassic Park" actually really helped us. Because the DNA of the dinosaur that was trapped in the amber gave us some kind of clue that these tiny things could be trapped and be made to seem precious, rather than looking like nuts. So the challenge was, how are we going to bring light and expose these things? We didn't want to make a separate building and have separate content. So we were trying to think, how could we make a whole thing emanate. By the way, we had half the budget of the other Western nations. So that was also in the mix with the site the size of a football pitch. And so there was one particular toy that gave us a clue.
但是我们如何才能展示这种细小的东西呢? 事实上电影 “侏罗纪公园” 帮了我们 因为保留在琥珀里的恐龙DNA 给了我们些思路 那些细小的东西 可以被保存也能做的很精致 而不是看起来像坚果一样 挑战就是 我们将如何透过光展示这些东西? 我们不想造一座独立的建造还独立的展示内容 所以我们试想 我们如何才能把事完整的展现出来 提一下,我们的预算只有其他西方国家的一半 这又要牵扯到 足球场大小的场地问题 有件特殊的玩具给了我们灵感
(Video) Voice Over: The new Play-Doh Mop Top Hair Shop. Song: ♫ We've got the Mop Tops, the Play-Doh Mop Tops ♫ ♫ Just turn the chair and grow Play-Doh hair ♫ ♫ They're the Mop Tops ♫
旁白:新型培乐多炫彩发廊 歌声:♫我们有着蓬松的头发,培乐多炫彩发廊♫ ♫只要转下椅子就能有培乐多发型♫ ♫他们是蓬松的发丝♫
Thomas Heatherwick: Okay, you get the idea. So the idea was to take these 66,000 seeds that they agreed to give us, and to take each seed and trap it in this precious optical hair and grow that through this box, very simple box element, and make it a building that could move in the wind. So the whole thing can gently move when the wind blows. And inside, the daylight -- each one is an optic and it brings light into the center. And by night, artificial light in each one emanates and comes out to the outside. And to make the project affordable, we focused our energy. Instead of building a building as big as the football pitch, we focused it on this one element. And the government agreed to do that and not do anything else, and focus our energy on that. And so the rest of the site was a public space. And with a million people there a day, it just felt like offering some public space.
好的,你懂了吧 这想法 就是用66000粒 它们许诺给我们的种子 把每个种子都包裹进 这些昂贵的光学发丝 让它通过盒子向外延伸 一个很简易的盒子造型 就让建造 随风摆动 以此整栋建筑可以在微风下轻轻的摆动 而白天,内部-- 每根发丝都是一个光学设备 并把光线带到每个角落 晚上的话 每根发丝的人造光 发光并照射到外部的设施 为了平衡项目的预算 我们主攻能源板块 而不是把建筑造的和足球场一样大 我们把注意力集中到这一元素上 政府同意这么做 不做出其他调整 而是集中在能源的方面 所以地块其余部分就是公共场所 每天一百万的游客 提供一些公共空间也是合理的
We worked with an AstroTurf manufacturer to develop a mini-me version of the seed cathedral, so that, even if you're partially-sighted, that it was kind of crunchy and soft, that piece of landscape that you see there. And then, you know when a pet has an operation and they shave a bit of the skin and get rid of the fur -- in order to get you to go into the seed cathedral, in effect, we've shaved it.
我们和 Astro Turf制造商合作 打造一座小型版本的 种子圣殿 因此,就算你的视力不好 这也会看起来蓬松柔软 你看到这样感觉的景致 接着,你知道宠物做手术的时候 他们会把一部分的毛剃光 露出一整块的皮肤-- 为了让你进入这种子圣殿 实际上,我们也把它剃了
And inside there's nothing; there's no famous actor's voice; there's no projections; there's no televisions; there's no color changing. There's just silence and a cool temperature. And if a cloud goes past, you can see a cloud on the tips where it's letting the light through. This is the only project that we've done where the finished thing looked more like a rendering than our renderings.
内部空无一物 没有著名演员的声音 没有放映室 没有电视;也没有色彩的变化 有的只是安静 和凉爽的温度 如果乌云经过的话 你们在从光线投入的 顶层看到那乌云 这是我们做的唯一的项目 完成之后 看起来更像是有自我的演示
(Laughter)
(笑声)
A key thing was how people would interact. I mean, in a way it was the most serious thing you could possible do at the expo. And I just wanted to show you. The British government -- any government is potentially the worst client in the world you could ever possibly want to have. And there was a lot of terror. But there was an underlying support. And so there was a moment when suddenly -- actually, the next thing. This is the head of U.K. Trade and Investment, who was our client, with the Chinese children, using the landscape.
关键在于如何让人们与之互动 我指,你能在世博会上 有可能做的最疯狂的事情 我刚刚给大家看的 英国政府-- 任何政府都是世上你最不想要的 最糟糕的客户 因为它的要求太恐怖了 但是它还是有基本的支持的 所以在那时刻 突然间--实际上,接下来的事情 是英国贸易投资部的部长 我们的客户 和中国的孩子们,利用这块空间
(Video) Children: One, two, three, go.
(视频)孩子们:一,二,三,开始
(Laughter)
(笑声)
TH: I'm sorry about my stupid voice there.
我的声音比较难听不好意思
(Laughter)
(笑声)
So finally, texture is something. In the projects we've been working on, these slick buildings, where they might be a fancy shape, but the materiality feels the same, is something that we've been trying to research really, and explore alternatives. And the project that we're building in Malaysia is apartment buildings for a property developer. And it's in a piece of land that's this site. And the mayor of Kuala Lumpur said that, if this developer would give something that gave something back to the city, they would give them more gross floor area, buildable. So there was an incentive for the developer to really try to think about what would be better for the city.
最后,质感是很重要的 在我们着手的项目中 这种精美的建筑 它们可能有着奇幻的外形 但是本质上是一样的 是最近我们一直在尝试探索 研究的替代物 我们在拿来西亚建设的项目 一个开发商的 公寓大楼 这是那块土地 就在这里 吉隆坡市长 说,如果开发商 能在开发的同时给予城市回报的话 他们可以给予他们更多的未开发的建设用土地 这激励开发商 去尝试思考 如何把城市建的更好
And the conventional thing with apartment buildings in this part of the world is you have your tower, and you squeeze a few trees around the edge, and you see cars parked. It's actually only the first couple of floors that you really experience, and the rest of it is just for postcards. The lowest value is actually the bottom part of a tower like this. So if we could chop that away and give the building a small bottom, we could take that bit and put it at the top where the greater commercial value is for a property developer. And by linking these together, we could have 90 percent of the site as a rainforest, instead of only 10 percent of scrubby trees and bits of road around buildings.
公寓建筑最平常的东西 根据世界某些地域 是你有自己的大楼 你在边缘种植一些树 开辟停车场 其实你只有在底层几楼才能真正体验到 其他的楼层得到的只是展示而已 像这种大楼最底层价值是最低的 如果我们去除这部分 造个小型的底层 我们就可以把价值附加到顶层去 这样可以让开发商利润最大化 通过连接这些 我们可以把90%的土地 变成雨林 而不是只有10%的矮树 和建筑周边的道路
(Applause)
(掌声)
So we're building these buildings. They're actually identical, so it's quite cost-effective. They're just chopped at different heights. But the key part is trying to give back an extraordinary piece of landscape, rather than engulf it. And that's my final slide.
我们建设的这些建筑 他们实际上是相同的,都符合成本效益 只是用了不同高度 但是关键 是试着还给土地一片别致的景观 而不是践踏它 这是我最后一张幻灯片
Thank you.
谢谢
(Applause)
(掌声)
Thank you.
谢谢
(Applause)
(掌声)
June Cohen: So thank you. Thank you, Thomas. You're a delight. Since we have an extra minute here, I thought perhaps you could tell us a little bit about these seeds, which maybe came from the shaved bit of the building.
琼·科恩:谢谢,谢谢你托马斯 因为我们现在多出了几分钟 我想也许你能告诉我们一些关于种子的事情 它们也许来自那个建筑
TH: These are a few of the tests we did when we were building the structure. So there were 66,000 of these. This optic was 22 feet long. And so the daylight was just coming -- it was caught on the outside of the box and was coming down to illuminate each seed. Waterproofing the building was a bit crazy. Because it's quite hard to waterproof buildings anyway, but if you say you're going to drill 66,000 holes in it -- we had quite a time. There was one person in the contractors who was the right size -- and it wasn't a child -- who could fit between them for the final waterproofing of the building.
我们在建造的时候 做了一些测试 一共有6万6千个 这光学设备 22尺长 所以日光可以照射进去-- 从盒子的外面进入 一直传输到每个种子的地方 防水的大楼是有点疯狂的 因为怎么说大楼防水就是很困难的 更别提你是有66000个孔在上面了-- 我们的确耗费了很长时间 在承包商中有个体型刚好的工作人员 当然不是小孩-- 可以进入两者间的空隙 做最后的大楼防水工作
JC: Thank you, Thomas.
谢谢, 托马斯
(Applause)
(掌声)