When I was nine years old, I went off to summer camp for the first time. And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do. Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity. And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social. You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind. And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
Ko sem bila stara devet let, sem prvič šla na poletni tabor. Mama mi je pripravila poln kovček knjig, kar se je meni zdelo povsem normalno. Kajti v moji družini je bilo branje glavna skupinska dejavnost. To se vam morda zdi nedružabno, ampak za nas je bilo res samo drugačna oblika družabnosti. Hkrati smo ob sebi imeli živalsko toplino družine, ki je sedela v bližini, bili pa smo tudi svobodni pri svojem raziskovanju dežele avantur v lastni glavi. Zdelo se mi je, da bo tabor ravno tak, samo še boljši.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
Predstavljala sem si deset deklet, ki sedijo v koči, oblečena v ujemajoče spalne srajce, in berejo.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. And on the very first day, our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. And it went like this: "R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
Tabor je bolj spominjal na pijančevanje brez alkohola. Prvi dan nas je voditeljica zbrala skupaj in nas naučila vzklik, ki naj bi ga po njenem ponavljali vsak dan do konca poletja, da bi vzpostavili tabornega duha. Šel pa je takole: "R-A-Z-G-R-A-J-A-V-K-E tako se piše razgrajavke. Razgra, razgra, razgrajavke!
(Laughter)
Yeah. So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
Ja pa ja. Pri najboljši volji nisem mogla razumeti, zakaj naj bi bile razgrajalke in zakaj naj bi to morale celo narobe črkovati.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else. I did my best. And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.
Ampak vzklikala sem. Skupaj z vsemi drugimi. Trudila sem se po najboljših močeh. In samo čakala sem na čas, ko bi lahko šla brat svoje knjige.
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" -- mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E. And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
Prvič, ko sem iz kovčka vzela knjigo, je k meni prišla najbolj kul punca in me vprašala: "Zakaj si tako mehkužna?" Pri tem je bila mehkužnost čisto nasprotje R-A-Z-G-R-A-J-A-V-K-E. In ko sem poskusila drugič, je voditeljica prišla vsa zaskrbljena ter ponovila stališče o tabornem duhu in poudarila, da se moramo vsi zelo truditi, da bi bili družabni.
And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. And I felt kind of guilty about this. I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them. But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.
Odložila sem knjige, dala sem jih nazaj v kovček in pod posteljo, kjer so ostale do konca poletja. Počutila sem se nekako krivo, zdelo se mi je, da me knjige potrebujejo, da me kličejo, jaz pa se jim odrekam. Ampak odrekla sem se jim in kovčka nisem odprla, dokler se nisem konec poletja
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp. I could have told you 50 others just like it -- all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert. And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. But for years I denied this intuition, and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that I had always longed to be -- partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too. And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
vrnila domov k družini. Tole je bila zgodba o poletnem taboru. Lahko bi vam povedala še 50 podobnih - vsakič, ko sem dobila sporočilo, da moj tihi in vase zaprti pristop k življenju ni nujno pravi, in da bi se morala delati, da sem bolj družabna. Globoko v sebi sem vedno čutila, da je to narobe in da so vase zaprti ljudje precej odlični prav taki, kot so. Vendar sem to zavedanje leta zanikala in postala sem celo pravnica na Wall Streetu, namesto da bi bila pisateljica, kar sem si vedno želela... deloma zato, ker sem sebi morala dokazati, da sem lahko tudi pogumna in samozavestna. In vedno sem hodila v prenatrpane bare, ko bi v resnici raje šla na prijetno večerjo s prijatelji. Skozi te izbire sem samo sebe zanikala tako avtomatsko, da se nisem zavedala, da to počnem.
Now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss. Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. A third to a half of the population are introverts -- a third to a half. So that's one out of every two or three people you know. So even if you're an extrovert yourself, I'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.
To dela veliko vase zaprtih ljudi in pri tem mnogo izgubljamo, izgubljajo pa tudi naši kolegi in naše skupnosti. In čeprav bo zvenelo velikopotezno, izgublja ves svet. Kajti ko govorimo o kreativnosti in vodenju, potrebujemo introvertirane ljudi, naj počnejo tisto, v čemer so najboljši. Tretjina do polovica ljudi je introvertiranih... tretjina do polovica. To je eden izmed vsakih dveh ali treh ljudi, ki jih poznate. Tudi če ste sami odprt človek, govorim o vaših kolegih, vaših partnerjih in otrocih in o osebi, ki sedaj sedi poleg vas... vsi so žrtve tega predsodka, ki je precej realen in globoko zakoreninjen v našo družbo. Ponotranjimo ga že v otroštvu, ne da bi imeli jezik za to, kar počnemo.
Now, to see the bias clearly, you need to understand what introversion is. It's different from being shy. Shyness is about fear of social judgment. Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation. So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
Da bi ta predsodek jasno videli, je treba razumeti, kaj je introvertiranost. Ni enaka sramežljivosti. Sramežljivost je povezana s strahom pred mnenjem družbe. Zaprtost vase je bolj povezana s tem, kako se odzivate na stimulacije, vključno s socialnimi stimulacijami. Ekstravertirani ljudje iščejo veliko stimulacije, introvertirani pa so najbolj "živi" in najbolj dejavni ter sposobni, ko so v tihih, manj opaznih okoljih. Ne vedno - te stvari niso absolutne - ampak veliko časa. Bistvo je torej v tem, da bomo svoje talente maksimalno izrabili, če se postavimo
But now here's where the bias comes in. Our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation. And also we have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
v območje prave stimulacije. Tu pa se pojavi predsodek. Naše najpomembnejše institucije, šole in delovna mesta, so narejene predvsem za ekstravertirane ljudi ter za njihovo potrebo po veliko stimulacije. Trenutno smo tudi pod vplivom prepričanja, ki ga imenujem novo skupinsko mišljenje, ki trdi, da vsa ustvarjalnost in produktivnost izhajata iz čudno družabnega okolja.
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: When I was going to school, we sat in rows. We sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously. But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks -- four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. And kids are working in countless group assignments. Even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research.
Predstavljajte si tipičen razred: Ko sem hodila v šolo, smo sedeli v vrstah. Sedeli smo v takih vrstah klopi in večino dela opravili precej samostojno. Dandanes pa ima tipična učilnica skupine klopi... štirje, pet, šest ali sedem otrok drug poleg drugega. In otroci se ukvarjajo z neštetimi skupinskimi nalogami. Celo pri matematiki in kreativnem pisanju, za katera bi človek dejal, da sta odvisna od samostojnega toka misli, naj bi otroci zdaj delovali kot člani odbora. Kar se pa tiče otrok, ki raje raziskujejo ali delajo sami, te pogosto smatramo za odpadnike ali še huje, težavne primere. In velika večina učiteljev pravi, da verjamejo, da je idealni učenec ekstravertiran, ne pa introvertiran, čeprav slednji dejansko dobijo boljše ocene in vedo več, vsaj če sledimo rezultatom raziskav.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. Now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays. And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.
V redu, enako velja za delovna mesta. Večina nas dela v odprtih pisarnah, brez zidov, kjer smo stalno podvrženi pogledom in hrupu s strani sodelavcev. Ko govorimo o vodenju, se pri vodstvenih položajih vase zaprte ljudi rutinsko preskoči, čeprav so ponavadi zelo previdni, bodo manj verjetno pretirano tvegali... kar je nekaj, čemur smo dandanes morda vsi naklonjeni. Zanimiva raziskava, ki jo je opravil Adam Grant z Wharton School, je pokazala, da introvertirani ljudje na vodstvenih položajih pogosto pridejo do boljših rezultatov kot ekstravertirani ljudje, saj ko nadzirajo proaktivne uslužbence, tem veliko verjetneje pustijo, da uresničijo svoje zamisli, medtem ko se tisti bolj ekstravertirani lahko, ne da bi se zavedali, pri zadevah tako vznemirijo, da jim dajo svoj pečat, zaradi česar zamisli drugih ljudi težje
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
pridejo do izraza.
I'll give you some examples. Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi -- all these people described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. And they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. And this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
Nekaj največjih vodij v zgodovini je dejansko bilo introvertiranih. Naj vam dam nekaj primerov. Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandi... vsi ti so sebe označevali za tihe, prijazne, celo sramežljive. A vseeno so prišli v ospredje, čeprav jim je vsaka celica v telesu govorila, naj tega ne napravijo. Izkaže se, da ima to smo po sebi neko posebno moč, saj so ljudje čutili, da so ti ljudje vodili, ne zato ker bi uživali v usmerjanju drugih, in ne zaradi užitka, ker so jih drugi gledali; tam so bili, ker niso imeli izbire, ker so morali narediti tisto, kar so mislili, da je prav.
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts. I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. And we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum. Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all. And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. And I often think that they have the best of all worlds. But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
No, na tej točki moram povedati, da imam zelo rada ekstravertirane ljudi. Vedno povem, da je med njimi nekaj mojih najboljših prijateljev, vključno z mojim ljubljenim možem. In seveda vsak od nas pristane na drugi točki med skrajno vase zaprtim in skrajno družabnim človekom. Celo Carl Jung, psiholog, ki je prvi populariziral te pojme, je dejal, da ne obstaja čisto vase zaprt človek niti čisto družaben človek. Dejal bi, da bi bil tak človek v norišnici, če bi sploh obstajal. In nekateri padejo točno v sredino spektra med introvertiranostjo in ekstrovertiranostjo, imenujemo jih ambivertirani ljudje. Pogosto mislim, da imajo najboljše iz obeh svetov. Veliko pa se nas prepozna kot eden ali drugi tip.
And what I'm saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance. We need more of a yin and yang between these two types. This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
Kar pravim, je, da kulturno gledano potrebujemo boljše ravnotežje. Potrebujemo več jina in janga med tema dvema tipoma. To je posebej pomembno pri ustvarjalnosti in produktivnosti, kajti ko psihologi pogledajo življenja najbolj ustvarjalnih ljudi, ugotovijo, da obstajajo ljudje, ki so dobri pri izmenjavi zamisli in njihovem razvoju, v sebi pa nosijo tudi pomemben del introvertiranosti.
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. So Darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner-party invitations. Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla, California. And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona. Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time. And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
To je zato, ker je samost pogosto ključna za ustvarjalnost. Darwin je na primer hodil na dolge samotne sprehode po gozdu in je prijazno zavračal vabila na večerje. Theodor Geisel, bolj znan kot dr. Seuss, je veliko svojih čudovitih dosežkov dosanjal v samotnem stolpu - pisarni za svojo hišo v La Jolli v Kaliforniji. V resnici se je bal srečati majhne otroke, ki so brali njegove knjige, saj se je bal, da bodo pričakovali, da bo tudi sam vesel kot kak Božiček, in da bodo razočarani z njegovo zadržano osebnostjo. Steve Wozniak je izumil prvi Apple računalnik, ko je sam sedel v svojem delu pisarne v podjetju Hewlett-Packard, kjer je tedaj delal. Pravi, da nikoli ne bi postal tak strokovnjak, če ne bi bil tako vase zaprt, da sploh ni šel iz hiše, ko je odraščal.
Now, of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude. It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it. If you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers -- Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness, where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community. So, no wilderness, no revelations.
Seveda to ne pomeni, da bi vsi morali nehati sodelovati... Steve Wozniak je dokaz, saj je stopil skupaj s Stevom Jobsom in sta ustvarila Apple Computer... pomeni pa, da je samota pomembna in da je za nekatere ljudi kot zrak, ki ga dihajo. In dejansko že stoletje poznamo transcendentalno moč samote. Šele nedavno smo jo nekako začeli pozabljati. Če pogledate večino največjih svetovnih verstev, boste našli iskalce... Mojzes, Jezus, Buda, Mohamed... iskalce, ki so sami odšli v divjino, kjer so našli globoka razkritja in razodetja ter jih prinesli v preostalo skupnost. Torej: brez divjine ni razodetja.
This is no surprise, though, if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology. It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
To sploh ni presenetljivo, če pomislite na odkritja sodobne psihologije. Izkaže se, da ne moremo niti biti v skupini ljudi, ne da bi instinktivno oponašali njihova mnenja. Celo o na videz osebnih in globokih stvareh, denimo o tem, kdo nam je všeč, začnemo oponašati prepričanja ljudi okoli nas, ne da bi se tega sploh zavedali.
And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas -- I mean zero. So --
In znano je, da skupine sledijo mnenju najbolj dominantne ali karizmatične osebe v prostoru, čeprav med tem, kdo je najboljši govorec in kdo ima najboljše ideje, ni nikakršne korelacije. Prav nikakršne. Torej...
(Laughter)
(smeh)
You might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. And do you really want to leave it up to chance? Much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.
Morda boste sledili osebi z najboljšimi zamislimi, morda pa ne. Ali to res hočete prepustiti naključju? Veliko bolje je. če gre vsak po svoje in razvija svoje zamisli brez motenj zaradi skupinske dinamike, potem pa zopet pridejo skupaj, se pogovorijo v dobro vodenem okolju ter nadaljujejo od tam naprej.
Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? Why are we setting up our schools this way, and our workplaces? And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? One answer lies deep in our cultural history. Western societies, and in particular the U.S., have always favored the man of action over the "man" of contemplation. But in America's early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. And if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like "Character, the Grandest Thing in the World." And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln, who was praised for being modest and unassuming. Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "A man who does not offend by superiority."
Če je vse to res, zakaj vedno delamo nekaj narobe? Zakaj šole in delovna mesta delujejo na tak način? Zakaj v introvertiranih ljudeh vzbujamo občutek krivde zaradi tega, ker hočejo del časa prebiti sami? Eden od odgovorov izhaja iz kulturne zgodovine. Zahodne družbe, posebej ameriška, so vedno spodbujale aktivnega bolj kot razmišljujočega, in to moškega. V zgodnjih dneh ZDA pa smo živeli v t.i. kulturi karakterja, ko smo še cenili ljudi zaradi njihove notranjosti in moralne vrednosti. Če si pogledate knjige za samopomoč iz tega obdobja, so vse nosile naslove, kot so "Karakter, najpomembnejša stvar na svetu". In vzorniki v njih so bili ljudje, kot je Abraham Lincoln, ki je bil cenjen kot skromen in nezahteven. Ralph Waldo Emerson ga je klical "človek, ki ne žali z večvrednostjo".
But then we hit the 20th century, and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality. What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business. And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities. And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers. So, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important. And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "How to Win Friends and Influence People." And they feature as their role models really great salesmen. So that's the world we're living in today. That's our cultural inheritance.
A potem smo prišli v 20. stoletje in vstopili v novo kulturo, ki jo zgodovinarji imenujejo kultura osebnosti. Razvili smo se iz agrarne ekonomije v svet velikih poslov. In kar naenkrat so se ljudje začeli seliti iz majhnih krajev v mesta. Namesto da bi delali poleg ljudi, ki so jih poznali vse življenje, so se po novem morali dokazovati v množici tujcev. Razumljivo je, da so lastnosti, kot sta privlačnost in karizma, naenkrat postale zelo pomembne. In seveda so se tudi knjige za samopomoč spremenile, da bi zadostile novim potrebam, in začele nositi naslove, kot je "Kako si pridobiti prijatelje in vplivati na ljudi". Kot vzornike pa predstavljajo odlične prodajalce. V takem svetu živimo danes. To je naša kulturna dediščina.
Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together. But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
To ne pomeni, da so socialne spretnosti nepomembne, niti ne pravim, da je treba odpraviti timsko delo. Ista verstva, ki svoje modrece pošiljajo na samotne vrhove gora, nas učijo tudi ljubiti in zaupati. Težave, s katerimi se soočamo dandanes na področju znanosti in ekonomije, so tako velike in kompleksne, da bomo potrebovali armade ljudi, ki bodo morali rešitve iskati skupaj. Vendar trdim, da bolj ko bomo vase zaprtim ljudem pustili biti to, kar so, bolj verjetno je, da bodo prišli do enkratnih rešitev za te težave.
So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. Guess what? Books. I have a suitcase full of books. Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye." Here's a novel by Milan Kundera. And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides. But these are not exactly my books. I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
Zdaj pa bi vam rada povedala, kaj imam danes v kovčku. Uganite! Knjige. Moj kovček je poln knjig. Tule je "Mačje oko" Margaret Atwood. Tule je roman Milana Kundere. Tule pa je Maimonidov "Vodnik za zbegane". To niso ravno moje knjige. S seboj sem jih prinesla,
My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books. I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books. Just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
ker so jih napisali najljubši avtorji mojega dedka. Moj dedek je bil rabin in vdovec, ki je sam živel v majhnem stanovanju v Brooklynu, ki je bilo med odraščanjem moj najljubši kraj na svetu, deloma zato, ker je bilo polno njegove blage, zelo vljudne osebnosti, in deloma zato, ker je bilo polno knjig. Dobesedno vsaka miza in vsak stol v tem stanovanju so svojo prvotno funkcijo spremenili v mesto za majave kupe knjig. Kot drugi v moji družini je dedek najraje od vsega na svetu bral.
But he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. He would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought. And people would come from all over to hear him speak.
Rad pa je imel tudi svoje vernike in to ljubezen je bilo čutiti v njegovih pridigah, ki jih je imel vsak teden, vseh 62 let delovanja kot rabin. Sadove vsakotedenskega branja je stkal skupaj, sestavil je zapletene tapiserije antične in humanistične misli. In ljudje so prihajali od vsepovsod, da bi ga poslušali.
But here's the thing about my grandfather. Underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. And even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. But when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.
Ampak pri mojem dedku gre za to: pod plaščem svoje ceremonialne vloge je bil res skromen in zelo zaprt vase... tako zelo, da je med pridiganjem imel težave vzpostavljati stik z očmi s svojimi farani, katerim je pridigal 62 let. In celo stran od prižnice, ko ga je kdo pozdravil, je pogosto prehitro končal pogovor, saj se je bal, da mu jemlje preveč časa. Ko je pri 94 letih umrl, je policija morala ceste v soseščini zapreti za promet, da bi lahko blizu prišli vsi ljudje, ki so prišli žalovat. V teh dneh se skušam na svoj način učiti od dedkovega zgleda.
So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write. And for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because I was reading, I was writing, I was thinking, I was researching. It was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. But now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion.
Pravkar sem objavila knjigo o zaprtosti vase, pisala sem jo sedem let. In zame je bilo teh sedem let popoln užitek, saj sem brala, pisala, razmišljala, raziskovala. To je bila moja verzija dedkovih samotnih ur v knjižnici. Ampak sedaj je moja služba naenkrat zelo drugačna, saj moram biti tu in govoriti o tem, o svoji zaprtosti vase.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
And that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.
To je zame veliko težje, saj kljub časti, da sem lahko zdaj tu med vami,
So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.
to ni moje naravno okolje.
I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get. And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
Zato sem se na take trenutke pripravila, kolikor sem se pač lahko. Zadnje leto sem ob vsaki priložnosti vadila javno nastopanje. In temu pravim moje "leto nevarnega govorjenja".
(Laughter)
(smeh)
And that actually helped a lot. But I'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. I mean, we are. And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
In pravzaprav je veliko pomagalo. Povem pa vam, še bolj pomaga moj občutek, moje prepričanje in upanje, da smo pri našem odnosu do zaprtosti vase, do tišine in samote na robu dramatičnih sprememb. Res smo. Zato vas zdaj zapuščam s tremi pozivi k delovanju
Number one: Stop the madness for constant group work. Just stop it.
za vse, ki delite mojo vizijo. Prvič: nehajte z norostjo stalnega skupinskega dela.
(Laughter)
Enostavno nehajte.
Thank you.
(smeh)
(Applause)
Hvala.
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying, because I deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas. That is great. It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts. But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. School, same thing. We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. This is especially important for extroverted children too. They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
(aplavz) O tem, kar govorim, hočem biti jasna, saj globoko verjamem, da bi naše pisarne morale spodbujati neformalne, pogovorne, kavarniške interakcije, saj veste, take ko ljudje pridejo skupaj in po srečnem naključju izmenjajo ideje. To je odlično. Odlično tako za introvertirane kot za ekstravertirane ljudi. A potrebujemo veliko več zasebnosti in svobode ter več avtonomnosti pri delu. Šola je enaka stvar. Otroke je treba učiti, naj sodelujejo, seveda, ampak učiti jih je treba tudi, kako delati samostojno. To je posebej pomembno tudi za ekstravertirane otroke. Morajo delati samostojno, saj od tam deloma prihaja globoko razmišljanje.
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness. Be like Buddha, have your own revelations. I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
V redu, drugič: pojdite v divjino. Bodite kot Buda, imejte svoja razodetja. Ne pravim, naj gremo zdaj vsi v gozdove in tam zgradimo svoje koče ter se nikoli več z nikomer pogovarjamo, pravim samo, da bi vsi lahko odklopili ter se malo večkrat obrnili vase.
Number three: Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there. So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy. But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. And that's okay. But occasionally, just occasionally, I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
Tretjič: Dobro poglejte, kaj je v vašem kovčku ter zakaj je tam. Družabneži, morda so vaši kovčki tudi polni knjig. Morda pa so polni kozarcev za šampanjec ali padalske opreme. Karkoli že je, upam, da stvari jemljete ven, kadar le morete, in nas počastite s svojo energijo in veseljem. Tisti, ki ste zaprti vase, taki kakršni ste, verjetno želite previdno varovati vsebino svojega kovčka. In to je v redu. Ampak upam, da včasih, le včasih, odprete svoje kovčke in jih pokažete drugim, saj vas in stvari, ki jih nosite, svet potrebuje.
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.
Zato vam želim najboljše možno potovanje in pogum, da govorite s tihim glasom.
Thank you very much.
Hvala lepa.
(Applause)
(aplavz)
Thank you. Thank you.
Hvala vam. Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(aplavz)