When I was nine years old, I went off to summer camp for the first time. And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do. Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity. And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social. You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind. And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
Kada sam imala devet godina po prvi puta sam otišla u ljetni kamp. Moja majka mi je spakirala kovčeg pun knjiga što je meni bilo nešto sasvim normalno, jer u mojoj obitelji, čitanje je glavna grupna djelatnost. To bi vam možda moglo zvučati nedruštveno, ali za nas to je bio drugi način kako biti društven. Imate uz sebe toplinu članova obitelji koji sjede pored vas, a istodobno ste slobodni lutati zemljama čudesa svojeg uma. Imala sam predodžbu da će kamp biti poput toga, samo još bolje.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
Zamišljala sam deset cura kako udobno sjede u kolibi i čitaju u uparenim spavaćicama.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. And on the very first day, our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. And it went like this: "R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
Kamp je bio više poput studentske zabave, ali bez alkohola. Odmah prvoga dana, naša nas je savjetnica okupila i naučila nas poklik za koji je rekla da ćemo raditi svaki dan do kraja ljeta, kako bismo bolje osjetili duh kampa. Ide ovako: „R-O-W-D-I-E tako pišemo ROWDIE, postanimo ROWDIE“ (eng.rowdy - glasni, buntovni).
(Laughter)
Yeah. So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
Da.. Nikako nisam mogla shvatiti zašto moramo biti tako buntovni ili zašto smo ovu riječ morali netočno slovkati?
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else. I did my best. And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.
Ali recitirala sam navijačku pjesmu, recitirala sam zajedno s ostalima, dala sam sve od sebe. I samo sam čekala vrijeme kada bih mogla otići i čitati svoje knjige.
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" -- mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E. And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
Ali prvom prilikom kada sam izvadila knjige iz kovčega, najpopularnija cura mi je prišla i pitala me, „Zašto se ponašaš tako zrelo?“ Naravno, zrelo je bila sušta suprotnost buntovnosti. Drugom prilikom kada sam to pokušala, savjetnica mi je prišla sa zabrinutim izrazom na licu, ponavljala mi što je duh kampa i rekla kako se svi trebamo truditi biti društveni.
And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. And I felt kind of guilty about this. I felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them. But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.
I tako sam sklonila svoje knjige natrag u kovčeg i stavila ih pod krevet, i tamo su ostale ostatak ljeta. Osjećala sam se krivom zbog toga. Osjećala sam kako me knjige na neki način trebaju i kako me zovu, a ja sam ih napustila. Ali i jesam ih napustila jer taj kovčeg nisam ponovno otvorila sve dok se nisam krajem ljeta
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp. I could have told you 50 others just like it -- all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert. And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. But for years I denied this intuition, and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that I had always longed to be -- partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too. And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
vratila kući svojoj obitelji. Ispričala sam vam ovu priču o ljetnom kampu, ali mogla sam vam ispričati još pedeset drugih poput nje. Svaki put kada sam dobila poruku kako moj tihi i introvertirani način postojanja nije nužno ispravni način, kako bismo se trebali truditi biti ekstrovertni. I oduvijek sam duboko u sebi osjećala da je to pogrešno, kako su i introverti izvrsni baš takvi kakvi jesu. Godinama sam nijekala tu intuiciju i tako sam od svih stvari postala odvjetnik na Wall Streetu, umjesto pisca, što sam oduvijek željela postati. Dijelom zbog toga jer sam morala dokazati samoj sebi kako i ja mogu biti odvažna i puna samopouzdanja. I tako sam odlazila u prenapučene barove, iako sam radije htjela otići na finu večeru s prijateljima. Donosila sam te izbore koji su se kosili sa mnom tako refleksno, da čak nisam bila ni svjesna da ih činim.
Now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss. Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. A third to a half of the population are introverts -- a third to a half. So that's one out of every two or three people you know. So even if you're an extrovert yourself, I'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.
To je ono što mnogi introverti čine, i zasigurno je to naš gubitak, ali i gubitak naših kolega, naše zajednice. I uz rizik da ću zvučati grandiozno, gubitak svijeta. Jer, kada se radi o kreativnosti, o vodstvu, potrebno nam je da introverti rade ono u čemu su najbolji. Trećina do polovina populacije su introverti. Trećina do polovina! To je svaka druga ili treća osoba koju poznajete. Pa čak i ako ste vi sami ekstroverti, govorim o vašim kolegama, o vašim supružnicima, vašoj djeci, o osobi koja u ovom trenutku sjedi do vas. Svi su oni podvrgnuti toj pristranosti koja je duboko u našem društvu. I svi je usvajamo u vrlo ranom razdoblju dok još ni ne poznajemo jezik kojim bismo opisali ono što radimo.
Now, to see the bias clearly, you need to understand what introversion is. It's different from being shy. Shyness is about fear of social judgment. Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation. So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
Kako bi ta pristranost bila jasnija nužno je najprije razumjeti što je to sama introvertiranost. Drugačija je od stidljivosti. Stidljivost je strah od društvenog osuđivanja. Introvertiranost je više način kako odgovarate na podražaje, uključujući društvene podražaje. Ekstroverti zapravo žude za velikim količinama podražaja, ali introverti se osjećaju najviše živima, najviše pobuđenima, najviše sposobnima kada su u tišim, mirnijim okruženjima. Ali ne cijelo vrijeme, ove stvari nisu konačne, ali većinu vremena. Ključno je dakle naći se u zoni podražavanja koja je ispravna za nas
But now here's where the bias comes in. Our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation. And also we have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
kako bismo najviše ostvarili svoje talente. Ovo je dio gdje dolazi do pristranosti. Naše najvažnije ustanove, naše škole i radna mjesta, prilagođene su mahom ekstrovertima i potrebama ekstroverta za mnoštvom podražaja. Također trenutno imamo sustav vjerovanja koji nazivam novim grupnim razmišljanjem, koji drži da sva kreativnost i sva produktivnost dolaze iz neuobičajeno društvenih mjesta.
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: When I was going to school, we sat in rows. We sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously. But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks -- four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. And kids are working in countless group assignments. Even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research.
Ako zamislite uobičajenu učionicu danas: Kada sam ja išla u školu sjedili smo u redovima. Sjedili smo u redovima klupa i većinu posla smo radili neovisno. Ali u današnje vrijeme uobičajena učionica ima polukružno složene stolove, gdje je četvero, petoro, šestoro, sedmoro djece međusobno suočeno. Djeca rade u nebrojenim grupnim zadacima. Čak i kod predmeta kao što su matematika i kreativno pisanje, za koje biste mislili da ovise o samostalnom tijeku misli. Od djece se danas očekuje da se ponašaju poput članova odbora. Djeca koja bi radije sama pokušala ili radila samostalno, viđena su kao izopćenici ili još gore, problematični slučajevi. I velika većina nastavnika vjeruje da je idealni učenik ekstrovert, što se protivi introvertima, iako, prema istraživanjima, introverti zapravo dobivaju bolje ocjene i znaju više.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. Now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays. And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.
Isto vrijedi i za naša radna mjesta. Većina nas radi u uredima otvorenog tipa, bez zidova, gdje smo podvrgnuti konstantnoj buci i vrevi naših kolega. Kada se radi o pitanju vodstva, introverti se rutinski odbijaju na tim pozicijama, iako su introverti oprezniji, manje skloni pretjeranim rizicima - stvari koje svi cijenimo u današnje vrijeme. Zanimljivo, istraživanje Adama Granta na Whartonu pokazalo je kako introvertirane vođe češće ostvaruju uspjehe od ekstrovertiranih jer, kada se susretnu s poduzetnim zaposlenicima, češće puštaju zaposlenicima da idu prema svojim zamislima. Dok se ekstroverti, krajnje nenamjerno, uzbuđuju činjenicom što ostavljaju svoj trag na nešto te tako zamisli drugih ljudi
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
ne dolaze lako do izražaja.
I'll give you some examples. Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi -- all these people described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. And they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. And this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
Zapravo, neki od naših najutjecajnijih vođa u povijesti su bili introverti. Navest ću vam nekoliko primjera: Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi, svi ti ljudi opisuju sebe tihima, čak i stidljivima. I svi su oni stali u središte pozornosti, iako im je svaka kost u tijelu govorila da to ne učine. To je još dopridonijelo dodatnu snagu jer su ljudi mogli osjetiti kako te vođe nisu na čelu jer uživaju upravljati drugima, i ne zbog užitka što ih se gleda. Bili su tamo jer nisu imali izbora, jer su bili nagnani da učine ono što su smatrali ispravnim.
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts. I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. And we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum. Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all. And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. And I often think that they have the best of all worlds. But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
Mislim da je u ovom trenutku važno reći kako ja zapravo volim ekstroverte. Volim reći da su neki od mojih najboljih prijatelja ekstroverti, uključujući i mog voljenog muža. I naravno, svi se nalazimo na različitim točkama u spektru introvertiranosti i ekstrovertiranosti. Čak je i Carl Jung, psiholog koji je prvi popularizirao ove izraze, rekao kako ne postoji nešto kao što je čisti introvert ili čisti ekstrovert. Rekao je kako bi takav čovjek bio u ludnici, ako bi uopće postojao. Neki se ljudi nalaze u sredini između introvertiranosti i ekstrovertiranosti, nazivamo ih ambivertima. I često mislim kako oni dobivaju najbolje od oba svijeta. Ali većina se nas ipak prepoznaje u jednom ili drugom tipu.
And what I'm saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance. We need more of a yin and yang between these two types. This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
Ono što želim reći je da kulturološki trebamo puno bolju ravnotežu. Trebamo snažniji Jin i Jang između ova dva tipa. Ovo je osobito važno kada se radi o kreativnosti i produktivnosti jer kada psiholozi pogledaju živote nekih od najkreativnijih ljudi, pronalaze ljude koji su vrlo dobri u izmjenjivanju ideja, i unaprijeđenju ideja, ali koji također imaju ozbiljnu crtu introvertiranosti u sebi.
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. So Darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner-party invitations. Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla, California. And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona. Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time. And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
To je stoga što je često samoća ključan sastojak kreativnosti. Tako je i Darwin odlazio sam na duge šetnje šumom, i odlučno odbijao pozive na večere. Theodor Geisel poznatiji kao Dr. Seuss odsanjario je većinu svojih nevjerojatnih ostvarenja u svom osamljenom uredu u tornju zvonika, iza svoje kuće u La Jollai u Kaliforniji. Bojao se susresti s malom djecom koja su čitala njegove knjige jer je mislio kako očekuju od njega da bude onaj radostan i veseo lik, te da će biti razočarani njegovom suzdržanom osobom. Steve Wozniak izumio je prvo Apple računalo sjedeći sam u svom odjeljku u Hewlett-Packardu gdje je tada radio. Rekao je kako nikada ne bi postao takvim stručnjakom da nije bio previše introvertiran kako bi izašao iz kuće dok je odrastao.
Now, of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude. It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it. If you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers -- Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness, where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community. So, no wilderness, no revelations.
Naravno da to ne znači da svi trebamo prestati surađivati - ključni dio je da se Steve Wozniak našao sa Steveom Jobsom kako bi pokrenuo slavni Apple - ali znači da je samoća važna i da je za neke ljude ona neophodna poput zraka koji dišu. I zapravo nam je stoljećima poznata transcendentalna moć samoće. Tek smo ju odnedavno nekim čudom počeli zaboravljati. Ukoliko pogledate većinu velikih religija u svijetu, pronaći ćete tragatelje - Mojsije, Isus, Buda, Muhamed - tragatelje koji odlaze sami u divljinu gdje potom imaju duboka prosvjetljenja i otkrivenja koja potom donose u ostatak zajednice. Dakle, nema divljine, nema otkrivenja.
This is no surprise, though, if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology. It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
To ne iznenađuje ukoliko pogledamo spoznaje suvremene psihologije. Ispada kako ne možemo biti među grupom ljudi, a da instinktivno ne zrcalimo ili oponašamo njihova mišljenja. Čak i u iznimno osobnim stvarima, kao primjerice tko nam je privlačan, počinjemo oponašati mišljenje ljudi oko nas bez da smo svjesni da to činimo.
And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas -- I mean zero. So --
Grupe najčešće slijede mišljenje najdominantnije ili najkarizmatičnije osobe u prostoriji, iako ne postoji korelacija između toga da je netko dobar govornik i da ima dobre ideje. Nula korelacije! Dakle,
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
You might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. And do you really want to leave it up to chance? Much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.
možda slijedite osobu sa najboljim idejama, a možda i ne. Želite li to zaista prepustiti slučaju? Puno je bolje za sve da pokušaju sami, stvore vlastite ideje, oslobođeni izobličenja djelovanjem grupe, i onda zajedno kao tim porazgovaraju o tim zamislima u dobrom okruženju te od tuda nastave dalje.
Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? Why are we setting up our schools this way, and our workplaces? And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? One answer lies deep in our cultural history. Western societies, and in particular the U.S., have always favored the man of action over the "man" of contemplation. But in America's early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. And if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like "Character, the Grandest Thing in the World." And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln, who was praised for being modest and unassuming. Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "A man who does not offend by superiority."
Ako je sve ovo istinito zašto onda i dalje griješimo? Zašto postavljamo naše škole i naša radna mjesta na taj način? Zašto činimo da se introverti osjećaju krivima što ponekad žele pokušati sami? Jedan odgovor leži duboko u našoj kulturološkoj povijesti. Zapadnjačka društva i osobito SAD, uvijek su više vrednovali čovjeka od akcije od čovjeka koji promatra i čovjeka koji „promatra.“ Ali u ranim danima SAD-a, živjeli smo u, kako to povjesničari nazivaju, kulturi karaktera, gdje smo još uvijek cijenili ljude zbog njihove nutrine i moralnosti. Ukoliko pogledamo knjige samopomoći iz tog doba, sve su nosile naslove poput: „Karakter – najveća stvar na svijetu“. Isticale su ljude kao što je Abraham Lincoln koji je bio hvaljen zbog svoje skromnosti. Ralph Waldo Emerson naziva ga čovjekom koga nadmoć ne vrijeđa.
But then we hit the 20th century, and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality. What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business. And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities. And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers. So, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important. And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "How to Win Friends and Influence People." And they feature as their role models really great salesmen. So that's the world we're living in today. That's our cultural inheritance.
Ali onda smo s dvadesetim stoljećem ušli u novu kulturu koju povjesničari nazivaju kulturom osobnosti. Dogodilo se to da smo napredovali iz poljoprivredne ekonomije. u svijet velikih poslovanja. Odjednom se ljudi sele iz malih mjesta u gradove. Umjesto da rade uz ljude koje su poznavali cijelog života, sada se moraju dokazati među gomilom stranaca. I sasvim razumljivo, osobine kao što su privlačnost i karizmatičnost odjednom postaju iznimno važne. Sigurno da su se knjige samopomoći promijenile kako bi ispunile ove nove potrebe i sada nose naslove poput: „Kako osvojiti prijatelje i ostaviti utjecaj na ljude“. Kao svoje uzore ističu vrlo dobre prodavatelje. To je svijet u kojem živimo danas, to je naše kulturološko nasljeđe.
Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together. But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
Ništa od ovoga ne dopušta nam reći kako društvene vještine nisu važne i također, ne zagovaram ukidanje timskog rada. Iste religije koje su slale svoje mudrace na vrhove planina također nas uče ljubavi i povjerenju. Problemi s kojima smo suočeni danas u područjima kao što su znanost ili ekonomija toliko su opširni i složeni da nam je potrebna vojska ljudi koja surađuje kako bismo ih riješili. Ali želim reći kako će s više slobode koja je dana introvertima da budu ono što jesu, vjerojatnije doći i više njihovih jedinstvenih rješenja za te probleme.
So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. Guess what? Books. I have a suitcase full of books. Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye." Here's a novel by Milan Kundera. And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides. But these are not exactly my books. I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
Sada bih htjela podijeliti s vama što se nalazi u mom kovčegu danas. Pogodite što? Knjige. Imam kovčeg pun knjiga, ovo je „Mačje oko“ od Margaret Atwood, roman Milana Kundere, ovo je „Vodič za one što dvoje“ od Maimonidesa. Ali zapravo, to nisu moje knjige. Ponijela sam ih sa sobom
My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books. I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books. Just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
jer su ih napisali najdraži pisci mog djeda. Moj je djed bio rabin, bio je udovac koji je živio sam u malom stanu u Brooklynu. Dok sam odrastala to je bilo moje najdraže mjesto na svijetu, dijelom zbog toga što je bilo ispunjeno njegovom nježnom prisutnošću i dijelom jer je bilo ispunjeno knjigama. Doslovno, svaki stol, svaka stolica u njegovom stanu nije više ispunjavala svoju prvobitnu namjenu i služila je kao površina za odlaganje hrpe knjiga. Kao i u ostatku moje obitelji, mom djedu najdraža stvar na svijetu bilo je čitanje.
But he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. He would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought. And people would come from all over to hear him speak.
Ali također je volio svoju kongregaciju. Mogla se osjetiti njegova ljubav u propovijedima koje je održavao svaki tjedan 62 godine koliko je bio rabin. Uzeo bi najbolje iz tjednih čitanja i tkao zapetljane tapiserije drevnih humanističkih misli. Ljudi su dolazili sa raznih strana kako bi ga čuli kako govori.
But here's the thing about my grandfather. Underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. And even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. But when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.
Ali postoji jedna stvar o mom djedu. Ispod svoje svečane uloge, bio je zaista skroman i introvertiran, toliko da, kada je propovijedao, imao je problem ostvariti kontakt očima s tom istom kongregacijom kojoj je govorio 62 godine. I izvan govornice, kada ste ga nazvali kako biste ga pozdravili često bi preuranjeno prekinuo razgovor iz straha da zauzima previše vašeg vremena. Ali kada je umro u 94. godini policija je morala zatvoriti ulice u njegovom susjedstvu kako bi ih prilagodila masi ljudi koja ga je došla oplakivati. I tako ovih dana pokušavam učiti iz primjera svog djeda na vlastiti način.
So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write. And for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because I was reading, I was writing, I was thinking, I was researching. It was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. But now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion.
Objavila sam knjigu o introvertnosti, trebalo mi je sedam godina da ju napišem. Za mene je tih sedam godina bio pravi blagoslov jer sam čitala, pisala, razmišljala, istraživala. Bila je to moja verzija djedovog sata dnevno koji je provodio sam u knjižnici. Ali sada odjednom, moj posao je puno drugačiji, moj posao je biti ovdje i govoriti o tome. Govoriti o introvertiranosti.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.
I to mi je puno teže jer koliko god da sam počašćena što sam ovdje s vama,
So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.
to nije moje prirodno okruženje.
I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get. And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
Pripremala sam se za trenutke poput ovih najbolje što sam mogla. Provela sam prošlu godinu vježbajući javno govorništvo u svakoj prilici kojoj sam mogla. Zvala sam to svojom godinom opasnog govorništva.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And that actually helped a lot. But I'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. I mean, we are. And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
I to je zapravo puno pomoglo. Ali što mi pomaže još više je moj osjećaj, moje vjerovanje, moja nada da smo, kada se radi o našim stavovima, našoj introvertiranosti, našoj samoći, zaista spremni djelovati i na pragu dramatičnih promjena. Hoću reći, zaista jesmo. Stoga ću vas sada napustiti uz tri poziva na djelovanje.
Number one: Stop the madness for constant group work. Just stop it.
Za one koji dijele ovu viziju. Pod jedan: zaustavite ludilo za stalnim grupnim radom.
(Laughter)
Samo prestanite!
Thank you.
(Smijeh)
(Applause)
Hvala vam.
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying, because I deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas. That is great. It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts. But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. School, same thing. We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. This is especially important for extroverted children too. They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
(Pljesak) Želim biti jasna u onome što govorim jer zaista vjerujem da uredi trebaju ohrabrivati ležerne, razgovorljive vrste interakcija poput one u kafićima, gdje ljudi mogu doći i neusiljeno razmjenjivati ideje. To je sjajno, sjajno za introverte i sjajno za ekstroverte. Ali na poslu trebamo puno više privatnosti, puno više slobode, puno više samostalnosti. Isto vrijedi i za škole. Trebamo učiti djecu kako raditi zajedno, ali moramo ih učiti i kako raditi samostalno. Ovo je osobito važno i za ekstrovertiranu djecu, moraju sama raditi jer od tamo, dijelom, dolaze duboke misli.
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness. Be like Buddha, have your own revelations. I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
Pod dva: idite u divljinu, budite kao Buda, imajte vlastita otkrivenja. Ne govorim da sada trebamo otići i izgraditi kolibe u šumama i ne razgovarati više jedni s drugima. Ali govorim kako bismo se mogli isključiti i biti u svojim glavama malo češće.
Number three: Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there. So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy. But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. And that's okay. But occasionally, just occasionally, I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
Pod tri: pogledajte dobro što se nalazi u vašim vlastitim kovčezima i zašto ste to tamo spremili. Ekstroverti, možda su vaši kovčezi također puni knjiga, ili čaša za šampanjac ili opreme za skok padobranom. Što god da je, nadam se da ove predmete koristite što češće možete i darujete nas svojom energijom i radošću. Ali introverti, pošto ste vi takvi kakvi ste, vjerojatno imate nagon da pomno čuvate ono što je u vašim kovčezima. I to je u redu. Ali povremeno, samo povremeno nadam se da ćete otvoriti svoje kovčege drugim ljudima jer vas svijet treba i treba stvari koje nosite.
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.
Želim vam stoga sve najbolje od mogućih putovanja i hrabrost da govorite tiho.
Thank you very much.
Hvala vam puno.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Thank you. Thank you.
Hvala. Hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)