Good morning. How are you?
Magandang umaga. Kamusta kayo? Magaling, di ba?
(Audience) Good.
It's been great, hasn't it? I've been blown away by the whole thing. In fact, I'm leaving.
Natangay ako ng buong pangyayari. Sa totoo, ako'y aalis na. (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Merong naging tatlong paksa, di ba?
There have been three themes running through the conference, which are relevant to what I want to talk about. One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that we've had and in all of the people here; just the variety of it and the range of it. The second is that it's put us in a place where we have no idea what's going to happen in terms of the future. No idea how this may play out.
na inikutan ng komperensya, na may kinalaman sa aking nais talakayin. Una, ang pambihirang katibayan ng pagkamalikhain ng tao sa lahat ng pagtatanghal na nakita natin at sa lahat ng mga tao na narito. Iba-iba nga lang at ang lawak nito. Ang pangalawa ay tayo'y nasa sitwasyong di natin alam kung anong mangyayari sa hinaharap. Walang ideya kung anong kalalabasan.
I have an interest in education. Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education. Don't you? I find this very interesting. If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education -- actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.
Ako ay interesado sa edukasyon -- talaga, natuklasan ko na ang lahat ay interesado sa edukasyon. Kayo rin 'di ba? Nakakatuwang malaman. Kung ikaw ay nasa handaang panghapuntan, at sinabi mong nagtra-trabaho ka sa edukasyon -- katunayan, hindi ka madalas sa mga handaang panghapunan, kung dito ka nagtratrabaho.
(Laughter)
If you work in education, you're not asked.
(Tawanan) Hindi ka iimbitahan.
(Laughter)
At di ka na iimbitahain pang muli, kataka-taka. Iyon ay kakaiba sa akin.
And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me. But if you are, and you say to somebody, you know, they say, "What do you do?" and you say you work in education, you can see the blood run from their face. They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"
Subalit kung ikaw ay naimbitahan, at sinabi mo sa iba, alam mo, tatanong nila, "Anong trabaho mo?" at sasabihin mong nagtratrabaho ka sa edukasyon, makikita mo ang pamumutla ng kanilang mukha. Na parang,
(Laughter)
"Dios ko," alam mo, "Bakit ako? Kaisa-isang gabi ko sa isang linggo." (Tawanan)
"My one night out all week."
(Laughter)
Kung itatanong mo ang kanilang edukasyon,
But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall, because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right? Like religion and money and other things. So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do. We have a huge vested interest in it, partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future that we can't grasp. If you think of it, children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065. Nobody has a clue, despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days, what the world will look like in five years' time. And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it. So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.
ku-kwelyuhan ka na nila. Dahil isa ito sa mga bagay na maselang usapin, tama? Parang relihiyon, at pera at ibang bagay. May malaki akong interes sa edukasyon, at sa tingin ko lahat tayo. May malaki tayong personal na interes dito, marahil dahil ang edukasyon ang nakatakdang magdadala sa atin sa bukas na di natin alam. Kung iisipin mo, ang mga batang papasok sa paaralan sa taong ito ay mag-reretiro sa 2065. Walang nakakaalam-- sa kabila ng lahat ng ating namalas sa nakaraang apat na araw-- kung ano ang magiging itsura ng mundo sa loob ng limang taon. At subalit dapat na tinuturuan natin sila para doon. Kaya ang walang kaalaman ay pambihira.
And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless, on the really extraordinary capacities that children have -- their capacities for innovation. I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she? Just seeing what she could do. And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak, exceptional in the whole of childhood. What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent. And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents, and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
At ang ikatlong bahagi nito ay tayong lahat ay sumasang-ayon, gayunman, na ang mga bata ay may pambihirang kapasidad na taglay -- kapasidad sa bagong bagay. Ibig kong sabihin, Si Sirena kagabi ay kamangha-mangha, di ba? Ang makita ang kanyang kakayanan. siya ay bukod-tangi, subalit hindi lamang sya ang bukod-tangi sa mundo ng kabataan. Ang ating natunghayan ay isang tao na may kakaibang dedikasyon nalaman ang talento. Sa aking palagay, lahat ng mga bata ay talento At atin itong nilulustay, ng walang pakundangan.
So I want to talk about education, and I want to talk about creativity. My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
Kaya nais kong talakayin ang edukasyon at nais kong pagusapan ang pagkamalikhain. Ako ay naninniwala na magkasing-halaga ang karunungan bumasa at sumulat sa pagkamalikhain, at dapat natin itong ituring sa parehong estado.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan) Salamat. Yun na yun, sya nga pala.
Thank you.
(Applause)
That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.
Maraming salamat. (Tawanan) Labing-limang minuto pa.
(Laughter)
So, 15 minutes left.
Well, Ako ay ipinanganak.... hindi (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
"Well, I was born ... "
(Laughter)
Kamakailan ay may narinig akong kwento -- Gustong-gusto ko itong kinukwento --
I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it -- of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson. She was six, and she was at the back, drawing, and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention, and in this drawing lesson, she did. The teacher was fascinated. She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?" And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God." And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like." And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
isang batang babae sa leksiyon ng pagguhit. Anim na taon at sya ay nasa may likuran ng klase, gumuguhit, at sabi ng guro ang maliit na batang babae ito ay bibihirang nagbibigay pansin, at sa leksiyon ng pagguhit na ito siya ay nagbigay pansin. Nabighani ang guro at lumapit siya sa kanya at nagtanong, "Anong ginagawa mo?" At ang sabi ng batang babaek, "Gumuguhit ako ng larawan ng Diyos." At sabi ng guro, "Pero walang nakaka-alam ng itsura ng Dios" At sabi ng batang babae, "Maya-maya lang malalaman nila"
(Laughter)
(Tawanan)
When my son was four in England -- actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.
Noong ang aking anak ay apat na taon sa Inglatera -- katunayan siya ay apat na taon kahit saan, para maging matapat (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Kung kami'y magiging strikto tungkol dito, kahit saan siya pumunta, apat na taon siya noong taon na iyon.
If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year. He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?
Siya ay nasa Nativity play. Naaalala ninyo pa ba ang kwento? Hindi, ito ay napakalaki.
(Laughter)
No, it was big, it was a big story. Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.
Ito ay napakalaking kwento. Ginawaan nga ito ng karugtong ni Mel Gibson. Maaaring napanood nyo na: "Nativity II." Pero nakuha ni James ang parte ni Joseph,
(Laughter)
"Nativity II." But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about. We considered this to be one of the lead parts. We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts: "James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter) He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in? They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh. This really happened. We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence, because we talked to the little boy afterward and said, "You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?" They just switched. The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads. They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold." And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh." And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
na aming lubos na ikinasiya. Ibinilang namin itong isa sa mga pangunahing bahagi. Siksik ang lugar ng mga naka T-shirt ng: "James Robinson ay si Joseph!" (Tawanan) Hindi nya kailangan magsalita, alam nyo yung papasok ang tatlong hari. May mga bitbit na mga regalo, at bitbit nila ang ginto, kamanyang at mira. Ito ay talagang nangyari. Nakaupo kami tingin ko hindi nila nasunod ang pagkasunod-sunod dahil tinanong namin ang isang batang lalake pagkatapos, "OK ba sa iyo 'yun?" At sabi nya, "Oo, bakit? May Mali ba ?" Nagkapalit lang sila, yun lang. Kahit papaano, pumasok ang tatlong lalaki -- apat na taong mga bata na may putong sa kanilang mga ulo-- at ibinaba ang kanilang mga kahon, at sabi ng unang bata, "Bitbit ko ay ginto." At sabi ng ikalawang bata, "Ako naman ay mira"
(Laughter)
At sabi ng ikatlong bata, "ipinadala ito ni Frank." (Tawanan)
What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance. If they don't know, they'll have a go. Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong. I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative. What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong, you'll never come up with anything original -- if you're not prepared to be wrong. And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity. They have become frightened of being wrong. And we run our companies like this. We stigmatize mistakes. And we're now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. And the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities.
Sa lahat ng ito kita ang kahandaan ng mga batang kunin ang pagkakataon. Kung di nila alam, gagawan nila ng paraan. Tama ba ako? Hindi sila takot magkamali. Ngayo, hindi ko sinasabing ang pagkakamali ay tulad rin ng pagiging malikhain. Ang alam natin ay, kung di ka nakahandang magkamali, hindi ka makakagawa ng bagay na orihinal. Kung di ka nakahandang magkamali. At sa panahong sila ay mga malalaki na, marami sa mga bata ay wala ng kapasidad. Sila ay naging matatakutin ng magkamali. At ganitong natin pinatatakbo ang ating mga kumpanya, maiba ako. Pinapaging malaking kasalanan ang pagkakakmali. At tayo ngayon ay pinapatakbo ang nasyonal na sistema ng edukasyon kung saan ang pagkakamali ang masahol mong magagawa. At ang resulta nito ay inaalisan natin ng pagiging malikhain ang mga tao. Nasambit minsan ito ni Picasso.
Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists. The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up. I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity, we grow out of it. Or rather, we get educated out of it. So why is this?
Sinabi niya ang lahat ng mga bata ay isinilang na artista. Ang problema ay kung paano mapapanatili ito sa paglaki. Lubhang aniniwala ako dito, na hindi tayo lumalaki sa pagkamalikhain, nawawalan tayo nito. O kaya, tumitigil sa pagkatuto. Bakit ganito? Nanirahan ako sa Stratford-on-Avon sa nakaraang limang taon.
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago. In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles. So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.
Sa katunayan, mula sa Stratford kami ay lumipat sa Los Angeles. Maiisip nyo ang kawalan ng koneksyon ng paglipat na iyon. (Tawanan) Sa katunayan,
(Laughter)
Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield, just outside Stratford, which is where Shakespeare's father was born. Are you struck by a new thought? I was. You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you? Do you? Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you? Shakespeare being seven? I never thought of it. I mean, he was seven at some point. He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?
kami ay nakatira sa Snitterfield, sa labas ng Stratford, kung saan ipinanganak ang tatay ni Shakespeare. Nakakagulat ba? Di nyo akalaing si Shakespeare ay may tatay, ano? Di ba? Dahil hindi nyo maisip Si Shakespeare sa kanyang kabataan? Di ba? Pitong taong Shakespeare? Hindi ko inisip. Ibig kong sabihin, siya ay naging pitong taong gulang kahit papaano. Siya ay kasali rin sa klase ng English, hindi ba? Naisip nyo ba kung gaano nakakainis yun?
(Laughter)
How annoying would that be?
(Tawanan) "Kailangan mong galingan." S'ya ay pinapatulog din ng tatay niya, alam niyo,
(Laughter)
"Must try harder."
(Laughter)
Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!" To William Shakespeare. "And put the pencil down!"
sinasabihan syang "Matulog na" kay William Shakespeare, "at bitiwan na ang lapis. At tigilan na ang pagsasalita ng ganyan. Dahil nakakagulo ito sa lahat."
(Laughter)
"And stop speaking like that."
(Laughter)
"It's confusing everybody."
(Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Kahit papaano, lumipat kami mula Stratford patungo sa Los Angeles,
Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles, and I just want to say a word about the transition. Actually, my son didn't want to come. I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16. He didn't want to come to Los Angeles. He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England. This was the love of his life, Sarah. He'd known her for a month.
at ang isang bagay ukol sa paglipat na iyon. Ayaw sumama ng aking anak na lalaki. Dalawa ang aking anak. Ang lalake ay 21 na; ang babae ay 16. Ayaw niyang sumama sa Los Angeles. Gusto nya, pero sya ay may kasintahan sa Inglatera, Ang mahal niya sa buhay, si Sarah. Nakilala nya siya ng isang buwan. Isipin mo, sila ay nagdiwang ng kanilang ika-apat na anibersaryo,
(Laughter)
Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary, because it's a long time when you're 16. He was really upset on the plane. He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah." And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --
dahil mahaba ang panahon kapag ikaw ay 16. Siya ay talagang inis habang nasa eroplano, At sabi nya, "di na ko makahahanap pa ng tulad ni Sarah." At sa totoo lang kami ay masaya sa bagay na iyon, sapagkat siya ang pinaka dahilan kung bakit kami aalis ng bansa.
(Laughter)
because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
(Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Peor isang bagay na kapansin-pansin sa paglipat sa Amerika
But something strikes you when you move to America and travel around the world: every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects. Every one. Doesn't matter where you go. You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't. At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities. At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth. And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts. Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than drama and dance. There isn't an education system on the planet that teaches dance every day to children the way we teach them mathematics. Why? Why not? I think this is rather important. I think math is very important, but so is dance. Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do. We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
at kung bibiyahe ka sa buong mundo: Ang bawat sistema ng edukasyon sa mundo ay may pare-pareho ng bahagdan ng mga asignatura. Lahat. Kahit saan ka magpunta. Aakalain mong hindi ganuon, subalit ganun talaga. At ang mga nasa taas ay matematika at lengguwahe, sunod ay "humanities", at pinakahuli ang mga "sining." Kahit saan sa mundo. At karamihan ng bawat sistema din, may antas ng bahagdan sa sining. Ang sining at musika ay nasa mataas na antas ng mga eskwela kaysa drama at sayaw. Walang sistema ng edukasyon sa planeta na nagtuturo ng sayaw araw-araw sa mga bata tulad ng pagtuturo natin ng matematika. Bakit? Bakit hindi? Sa palagay ko ito ay mahalaga. Sa tingin ko ang matematika ay napakahalaga, ganoon din ang sayaw. Ang mga bata ay sasayaw kahit anong oras kung papayagan sila, tayo rin. Tayong lahat ay may katawan, di ba? May nakalimutan ba akong pagtitipon? (Tawanan) Ang katotohanan, ang nangyayari ay,
(Laughter)
Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up, we start to educate them progressively from the waist up. And then we focus on their heads. And slightly to one side.
habang lumalaki ang mga bata, tinuturuan sila mula baywang pataas. At tumitigil tayo sa ulo. At bahagya sa isang bahagi. Kung ikaw ay bibisita sa edukasyon, bilang isang dayuhan,
If you were to visit education as an alien and say "What's it for, public education?" I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output, who really succeeds by this, who does everything they should, who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners -- I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education throughout the world is to produce university professors. Isn't it? They're the people who come out the top. And I used to be one, so there.
at magtatanong "Para saan ito, pampublikong edukasyon?" Sa isip ko kailangan mong magpasya -- kung titingin ka sa kalalabasan, ang talagang nagtatagumpay ay, ang gumagawa ng lahat ng dapat gawin, ang nakakakuha ng mga puntos, kung sino ang mga nananalo -- Palagay ko'y masasabi nating ang layunin ng pampublikong edukasyon sa buong mundo ay upang lumikha ng mga propesor sa unibersidad. Hindi ba? Sila ang mga taong lumalabas na nangunguna. At ako'y isa doon dati, kaya ganun. (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
At gusto ko ang mga propesor sa unibersidad, pero alam ninyo,
And I like university professors, but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up as the high-water mark of all human achievement. They're just a form of life. Another form of life. But they're rather curious. And I say this out of affection for them: there's something curious about professors. In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads. They live up there and slightly to one side. They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way. They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.
hindi sila dapat itanghal na pinakamataas na karangalan ng tagumpay ng tao. Sila ay isa ring uri ng buhay, ibang uri ng buhay. Ngunit mas mausisa, at sinasabi ko itong may puso para sa kanila. May bagay na kausi-usisa sa mga propesor sa aking karanasan -- hindi lahat sila, pero karamihan -- ay nabubuhay sa kanilang isip. Sila ay nabubuhay doon, at bahagya sa ibang bahagi. Para silang kalas-kalas na katawan, alam nyo, sa literal na paraan, Ang tingin nila sa kanilang katawan ay daanan ng impormasyon patungo sa kanilang ulo, hindi ba sila?
(Laughter)
Don't they? It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
(Tawanan) Upang may madala sila sa mga pagtitipon.
(Laughter)
Kung gusto ninyo ng tunay na ebidensya ng "out-of-body" na karanasan,
If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way, get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
maiba ako, pumunta kayo sa isang tahanang pagpupulong ng mga pang-akademiyang sinyor, at dumating kayo sa diskotek sa huling gabi.
(Laughter)
(Tawanan) At doon makikita ninyo -- mga lalake at babae
And there, you will see it. Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
namimilipit ng husto, wala sa tyempo,
(Laughter)
naghihintay matapos upang sila ay makauwi at makapagsulat ukol sa kaganapan.
Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.
Ngayon ang ating sistema ng edukasyon ay nakabase sa pang-akademyang abilidad.
(Laughter)
Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability. And there's a reason. Around the world, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19th century. They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism. So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
At ito'y may dahilan. Ang buong sistema ay na-imbento -- sa buong mundo, mayroon noong walang pampublikong sistema ng edukasyon, bago ang ika-19 na siglo. Ito ay naisakatuparan lamang dahil sa pangangailangan ng industriyalismo. Kaya ang sistema ay naka-ugat sa dalawang ideya.
Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top. So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on the grounds you would never get a job doing that. Is that right? "Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician; don't do art, you won't be an artist." Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken. The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
Una, ang kagamit-gamit na asignatura sa pagtra-trabaho ay nasa taas. Kaya maaring bahagyang napalayo kayo sa mga bagay at eskwelahan noong bata pa kayo, mga bagay na gusto ninyo, sa kadahilanang hindi ka magkakatrabaho kapag iyon ang iyong ginawa. Tama ba? Huwag musika, hindi ka magiging musikero; Huwag sining, hindi ka magiging artist. Lihis na payo -- ngayon, malaking pagkakamali. Ang buong mundo ay nababalot ng rebolusyon.
And the second is academic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence, because the universities design the system in their image. If you think of it, the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process of university entrance. And the consequence is that many highly talented, brilliant, creative people think they're not, because the thing they were good at at school wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized. And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
At ang pangalawa ay ang pang-akademyang abilidad, na tunay na nangingimbabaw sa 'ting pananaw ng intelihensya, dahil ganito dinesenyo ng mga unibersidad ang sistema. Kung iyong iisipin, ang buong sistema ng pampublikong edukasyon ay nakabatay sa pinalawig na proseso ng pagpasok sa unibersidad. At ang resulta ay maraming puno ng talentong, magagaling, malikhaing indibidwal ang hindi naniniwala sa sarili, dahil ang bagay kung saan sila magaling sa paaralan ay di binigyang halaga, o sanhi ng kanilang kahihiyan. At hindi natin maaaring hayaan ito.
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO, more people worldwide will be graduating through education than since the beginning of history. More people. And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about: technology and its transformational effect on work, and demography and the huge explosion in population.
Sa susunod na 30 taon, ayon sa UNESCO, maraming tao sa buong mundo ang magtatapos sa edukasyon na di pa nangyayari simula noon. Maraming tao, at ito ay kombinasyon ng lahat ng bagay na ating tinalakay -- ang teknolohiya at ang epekto nito sa trabaho, at demograpiya at ang lawak ng pagsabog ng populasyon.
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything. Isn't that true? When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job. If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one. And I didn't want one, frankly.
Bigla nalang, ang mga titulong nakamit ay walang halaga. Di ba ito totoo? Noong ako'y mag-aaral, kung ikaw ay may natapos, may trabaho ka. Kung ikaw ay walang trabaho yan ay dahil ayaw mo. At ayaw ko ng trabaho, sa totoo lang. (Tawanan) Subalit ngayong kadalasan ang mga batang nagsipagtapos
(Laughter)
But now kids with degrees are often heading home to carry on playing video games, because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA, and now you need a PhD for the other. It's a process of academic inflation. And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet. We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
ay umuuwi upang ipagpatuloy ang paglalaro ng "video games," dahil kailangan ng "MA" sa dating BA lang ang kailangan ngayon kailangan ng PhD sa iba. Ito ay proseso ng pagbintog ng akademya. At ito'y nagpapahiwatig na ang buong istraktura ng edukasyon ay nagbabago. Kailangan nating pag-isipang muli ang ating pananaw ukol sa intelehensya.
We know three things about intelligence. One, it's diverse. We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it. We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically. We think in abstract terms, we think in movement. Secondly, intelligence is dynamic. If you look at the interactions of a human brain, as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations, intelligence is wonderfully interactive. The brain isn't divided into compartments. In fact, creativity -- which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value -- more often than not comes about through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
Tatlong bagay ang alam natin sa intelehensya. Una, ito'y iba-iba. Tulad ng pagtanaw natin sa mundo sa karanasan natin dito. Napapaisip tayo ng ating nakikita, ng ating naririnig, sa paraang "kinesthetic". Tayo'y nag-iisip sa paraang abstract, nag-iisip sa pagkilos. Ikalawa, ang intelihensya ay buhay. Kung titingnan natin ang pakikipagniig ng utak ng tao, tulad ng ating narinig kahapon mula sa iba't ibang pagtatanghal, kamangha-mangha ang pakikipag-ugnayan ng intelihensya. Ang utak ay di nahahati sa kompartamento. Sa katunayan, ang pagkamalikhain -- ay ang proseso ng pagkakaroon ng mga orihinal na ideya na may halaga -- na madalas na nakakamit sa pakikipagniig ng iba't-ibang pamamaraan ng pagtingin sa mga bagay bagay
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain, called the corpus callosum. It's thicker in women. Following off from Helen yesterday, this is probably why women are better at multitasking. Because you are, aren't you? There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ... thankfully.
Ang utak ay intensyonal -- sya nga pala, may tangkay ng "nerves" na nag-uugnay sa dalawang kalahati ng utak na tinatawag na "corpus callusum". Mas makapal sa mga babae. Tulad ng sinabi ni Helen kahapon, aking palagay marahil dahil dito kaya ang mga babae ay magaling sa "multi-task". Dahil kayo ay ganun, di ba? Maraming pagsasaliksik, subalit batid ko mula sa karanasan. Kung ang aking asawa nagluluto ng pagkain -- na hindi kadalasan, salamat. (Tawanan) Pero alam nyo, sya'y totoong magaling sa mga bagay --
(Laughter)
kung siya'y nagluluto, alam nyo,
No, she's good at some things. But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone, she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --
may kausap sya sa telepono, kausap ang mga bata. nagpipintura ng kisame,
(Laughter)
sya ay nag-oopera ng puso sa gawi rito.
she's doing open-heart surgery over here. If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phone's on the hook, if she comes in, I get annoyed. I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
Kung ako'y nagluluto, nakapinid ang pinto, nasa labas ang mga bata, nakapirmi ang telepono, nayayamot ako pag pumasok ang asawa ko. Sinasabi ko, "Terry, paki-usap lang? Nag pi-pirito ako ng itlog dito. Pwede ba? (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
"Give me a break."
(Laughter)
Alam nyo ba yung matandan kasabihan,
Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing, "If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?" Remember that old chestnut? I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said, "If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him, is he still wrong?"
kapag ang isang puno ay natumba sa kakahuyan at walang nakarinig nito, nangyari ba ito? Naalala nyo ba ang lumang chestnut? May t-shirt na nakasulat, "Kung magsasabi ng nilalaman ng kanyang isip ang lalaki sa kakahuyan, at walang babaeng nakakarinig sa kanya, may mali pa kaya sya?" (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
And the third thing about intelligence is, it's distinct. I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany," which is based on a series of interviews with people about how they discovered their talent. I'm fascinated by how people got to be there. It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne. Have you heard of her? Some have. She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work. She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera." She's wonderful. I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.
Ikatlong bagay ukol sa intelihensya ay, ito'y kakaiba. Nagsusulat ako ng bagong aklat sa kasalukuyan na tinatawag na "Epiphany", base sa isang series ng pakikipagpanayam sa mga tao ukol sa paano nila nadiskubre ang kanilang talento. Nakakatuwa kung paano nila nadidiskubre. Ito ay sadyang umudyok ng pakikipagusap ko sa isang kahanga-hangang babae na maaring ang karamihan ay hindi sya nakikilala, sya ay si Gillian Lynne, kilala nyo ba sya? Siya a isang "choreographer" at lahat ay kilala ang kanyang trabaho. Ginawa nya ang "Cats," at ang "Phantom of the Opera." Siya ay kahanga-kahanga. Minsan akong naging bahagi ng Royal Ballet, sa Inglatera, tulad ng nakikita nyo.
(Laughter)
Kahit papaano, si Gillian at ako ay nananghalian ng isang araw at sabi ko sa kanya,
Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?" It was interesting. When she was at school, she was really hopeless. And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said, "We think Gillian has a learning disorder." She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting. I think now they'd say she had ADHD. Wouldn't you? But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point. It wasn't an available condition.
"Gillian, pa'no ka ba naging isang mananayaw?" At sabi nya nakakatuwa, nung sya ay nasa paaralan, sya'y walang pag-asa. At ang paaralan, nung dekada '30, ay sumulat sa kanyang mga magulang at sinabing, "Sa aming palagay si Gillian ay may pag-aaral na disorder." Di sya makapag-concentrate, sya ay makilos. Ngayon tatawagin syang may ADHD. Di ba? Subalit ito ay nasa 1930. at ang ADHD ay di pa naiimbento noon. Di pa sya pwedeng sa ganung condition (Tawanan)
(Laughter)
Di pa alam ng mga tao na pwede nilang makuha ang ganito.
People weren't aware they could have that.
Kahit papaano, sya ay ipinatingin sa espesyalista. Kaya, itong silid,
(Laughter)
Anyway, she went to see this specialist. So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother, and she was led and sat on this chair at the end, and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes, while this man talked to her mother about all the problems Gillian was having at school, because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on. Little kid of eight. In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said, "I've listened to all these things your mother's told me. I need to speak to her privately. Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long," and they went and left her.
sya at ang kanyang nanay, at siya ay ginabayan at pinaupon sa dulo ng upuan, at inupuan nya ang kanyang kamay ng 20 minute habang ang taong ito'y nakikipagusap sa kanyang nanay sa lahat ng mga problema ni Gillian sa paaralan. At pagkatapos -- dahil nagagambala nya ang mga tao, palagi syang huli sa takdang aralin, at marami pang iba, batang walong taong gulang-- nilapitan ng doctor at naupo katabi ni GIlllian at sabi ,"Gillian, Napakinggan ko ang lahat ng sinabi ng iyong nanay at kailangan ko syang makausap ng sarilinan" Sabi nya, "Dito ka lang, babalik kami, di kami magtatagal." at sila ay umalis at iniwan sya.
But as they went out of the room, he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk. And when they got out of the room, he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her." And the minute they left the room, she was on her feet, moving to the music. And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said, "Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick. She's a dancer. Take her to a dance school."
Bago tuluyang lumabas, pinatugtog nya ang radio na nasa kanyang lamesa. At ng sila ay makalabas, sabi nya sa nanay, "Tayo ka at panoorin mo sya." Sa sandaling lumabas sila sabi nya, sya ay tumayo, at nagsimulang gumalaw kasabay ng tugtog. At sila ay nanood ng ilang minuto at tumingin sya sa nanay at nagsabi, "Ginang Lynne, si Gillian ay walang sakit, sya ay mananayaw. Dalhin mo sya sa isang dance school."
I said, "What happened?" She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was. We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me -- people who couldn't sit still, people who had to move to think." Who had to move to think. They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary. She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School. She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet. She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School, founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company, met Andrew Lloyd Webber. She's been responsible for some of the most successful musical theater productions in history, she's given pleasure to millions, and she's a multimillionaire. Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.
Sabi ko, "Anong nangyari?" Sabi nya, "Ginawa nya. Hindi ko maipaliwanag kung gaano kamangha-mangha ito. Pumasok kami sa silid na ito at ito ay puno ng mga kagaya ko. Hindi makatagal na nakaupo lang. Mga taong kailangang kumilos para makapag-isip." Kailangang gumalaw para mag-isip. Nag-ballet, nag-tap, nag-jazz, nag-modern, nag-contemporary. Di kalaunan sya ay nag-odisyon sa Royal Ballet School, siya ay naging isang soloista, nagkaroon ng magandang career at sa Royal Ballet. Sya ay nagtapos mula sa Royal ballet School at nagtayo ng sariling kumpanya -- Gillian Lynne Dance Company -- nakilala si Andrew Lloyd Weber. Sya rin ang responsable sa ilan sa mga matagumpay na pagtatanghal na teatrong musikal na produksyon sa kasaysayan, million ang napasaya nya, at siya ay isang multi-millionaire. May isang tao
(Applause)
dapat magbigay sa kanya ng gamot upang sya ay manahimik.
What I think it comes to is this: Al Gore spoke the other night about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson. I believe our only hope for the future is to adopt a new conception of human ecology, one in which we start to reconstitute our conception of the richness of human capacity. Our education system has mined our minds in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity. And for the future, it won't serve us. We have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we're educating our children.
Sa aking palagay.. (Palakpakan) Ang kalalabasan nito ay: Si Al gore ay nagsalit noong isang gabi ukol sa ekolohiya, at sa rebolusyon na pinasimulan ni Rachel Carson Naniniwala ako na ang pag-asa sa kinabukasan ay ang gumamit ng bagong konsepto ng "human ecology", isa na syang magsisimulang magpanibago ang ating pagkaunawa ukol sa yaman ng kapasidad ng tao. Ang sistema ng edukasyon ang nagmimina ng ating kaisipan kung saan inalisan nating ang mundo: ng isang natatanging kalakal. At sa kinabukasan, hindi ito makakabuti sa atin. Pag-isipan nating muli ang mga pangunahing batayan na ipinanghuhubog sa ating kabataan. May isang
There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said, "If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth, within 50 years, all life on Earth would end. If all human beings disappeared from the Earth, within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish." And he's right.
magandang sinabi si Jonas Salk, "Kung ang mga insekto ay mawawala sa mundo, sa 50 taon lahat ng buhay sa mundo ay magwawakas. Kung ang lahat ng tao ay mawawala sa mundo sa 50 taon lahat ng buhay sa mundo ay sasagana." At tama sya.
What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination. We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely, and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about. And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities for the richness they are and seeing our children for the hope that they are. And our task is to educate their whole being, so they can face this future. By the way -- we may not see this future, but they will. And our job is to help them make something of it.
Ang ipinagdiriwang ng TED ay ang kaloob ng maglikhaing-isip. Kailangang mag ingat sa paggamit ng kaloob na ito husayan, upang tayo ay kumawala sa mga senaryo senaryo na ating natalakay. At ang tanging paraan ay makita natin ang ating malikhaing kakayanang sa yamang taglay nito, at makita natin ang pagasang meron ang mga bata. Tungkulin natin linangin ang kanilang buong katauhan, para sa kinabukasan. Maaring di natin makita ang hinaharap, subalit makikita nila. Trabaho nating tulungan silang makalikha mula sa mga ito. Maraming salamat.
Thank you very much.
(Applause)