Bon dia. Mirem un moment la més gran icona de totes, Leonardo da Vinci. Tots estem familiaritzats amb la seva fantàstica obra... els seus dibuixos, les seves pintures, les seves invencions, els seus escrits. Però no coneixem la seva cara. S'han escrit milers de llibres sobre ell. però hi ha controvèrsia, i es manté, sobre la seva aparença. Inclús el seu famós retrat no és acceptat per molts historiadors de l'art.
Good morning. Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci. We're all familiar with his fantastic work -- his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings. But we do not know his face. Thousands of books have been written about him, but there's controversy, and it remains, about his looks. Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians.
Així, què en penseu? És aquesta la cara de Leonardo da Vinci o no? Esbrinem-ho. Leonardo va ser un home que dibuixava tot el que tenia al voltant. Va dibuixar persones, anatomia, plantes, animals, paisatges, edicifis, aigua, tot. Però, cap cara? Em sembla difícil de creure. Els seus contemporanis van fer cares, com les que veieu aquí. De front o tres quarts. Així que un dibuixant apassionat com Leonardo segurament deu haver fet autoretrats de tant en tant. Així que mirem de trobar-los.
So, what do you think? Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it? Let's find out. Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him. He drew people, anatomy, plants, animals, landscapes, buildings, water, everything. But no faces? I find that hard to believe. His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here -- en face or three-quarters. So, surely a passionate drawer like Leonardo must have made self-portraits from time to time. So let's try to find them.
Crec que si escanegéssim tota la seva obra i busquéssim autoretrats, trobaríem la seva cara mirant-nos. Així que em vaig mirar tots els seus dibuixos, més de 700. i vaig buscar retrats d'homes. Hi ha uns 120, els veieu aquí. Quins d'aquests podrien ser autoretrats? Bé, perquè haurien d'haver estat fets com hem vist, de front o tres quarts. De manera que podem eliminar tots els perfils. També ha de ser suficientment detallat. Així que podem també eliminar els que són molt imprecissos o molt estilitzats. I sabem pels seus contemporanis que Leonardo era un home molt atractiu, inclús bonic. De manera que també podem elimar els lletjos o les caricatures. (Rialles)
I think that if we were to scan all of his work and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us. So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700, and looked for male portraits. There are about 120, you see them here. Which ones of these could be self-portraits? Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters. So we can eliminate all the profiles. It also has to be sufficiently detailed. So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized. And we know from his contemporaries that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man. So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures. (Laughter)
I mireu què passa -- només quadren tres candidats. I són aquests. Sí, efectivament, el vell és un d'ells, com ho és el seu famós dibuix a tinta de l'home de Vitruvi. I finalment, l'únic retrat d'un home que Leonardo va pintar, "El músic".
And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill. And here they are. Yes, indeed, the old man is there, as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianus. And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician."
Abans que entrem en aquestes cares, hauria d'explicar perquè tinc dret a parlar sobre elles. Jo mateix he fet més de 1.100 retrats per a diaris, al llarg de 300 -- perdó, 30 anys, només 30 anys. (Rialles) Però hi ha 1.100, i molt pocs artistes han dibuixat tantes cares. Així que en sé una mica, de dibuixar i analitzar cares. D'acord, ara mirem aquests tres retrats. I agafeu-vos a la cadira, perquè si fem zoom sobre aquestes cares, noteu com tenen el mateix front ample, les celles horitzontals, el nas llarg, els llavis corbs, i la barbeta petita i ben desenvolupada.
Before we go into these faces, I should explain why I have some right to talk about them. I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only. (Laughter) But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces. So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces. OK, now let's look at these three portraits. And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces, remark how they have the same broad forehead, the horizontal eyebrows, the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin.
No podia creure els meus ulls el primer cop que ho vaig veure. No hi ha cap motiu pel qual aquests retrats s'haurien de semblar. Tot el que vam fer va ser buscar retrats que tinguessin les característiques d'un autoretrat. i mireu, són molt semblants. Ara bé, estan fets en l'ordre correcte? L'home jove hauria de fer-se primer. I com veieu aquí pels anys en què van ser creats, n'és justament el cas. Estan fets en l'ordre correcte. Quina era l'edat de Leonardo en aquell moment? Concorda? Sí, concorda. Tenia 33, 38 i 63 anys quan es van fer.
I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that. There is no reason why these portraits should look alike. All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait, and look, they are very similar. Now, are they made in the right order? The young man should be made first. And as you see here from the years that they were created, it is indeed the case. They are made in the right order. What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit? Yes, it does. He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made.
Així que tenim tres pintures, potencialment de la mateixa persona de la mateixa edat que tenia Leonardo en aquell moment. Però com sabem que és ell, i no algú altre? Bé, ens cal una referència. I aquí teniu l'únic retrat de Leonardo que és generalment acceptat. És una estàtua feta per Verrocchio, de David, per a la qual Leonardo va posar quan tenia 15 anys. I si ara comparem la cara de l'estàtua, amb la cara del músic, veieu exactament els mateixos trets un altre cop. L'estàtua és la referència, i connecta la identitat de Leonardo amb aquestes tres cares.
So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person of the same age as Leonardo at the time. But how do we know it's him, and not someone else? Well, we need a reference. And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted. It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David, for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15. And if we now compare the face of the statue, with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again. The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo to those three faces.
Senyores i senyors, aquesta història encara no ha estat publicada. És simplement apropiat que ho escolteu i veien aquí a TED en primer lloc. L'icona d'icones finalment té una cara. Aquí la teniu -- Leonardo da Vinci. (Aplaudiments)
Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published. It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first. The icon of icons finally has a face. Here he is: Leonardo da Vinci. (Applause)