The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today rarely makes the front pages. It, however, is enormous in both scale and importance. Look, you all are very well traveled; this is TEDGlobal after all. But I do hope to take you to some places you've never been to before.
Globalni izazov o kojem želim da vam govorim danas retko kada dospeva na naslovnu stranu. A opet, to je ogromno u oba smisla, obimu i značaju. Vidite, svi ste vi sigurno dosta proputovali, ipak je ovo TEDGlobal. Ali se nadam da ću vas odvesti na neka mesta na kojima nikada ranije niste bili.
So, let's start off in China. This photo was taken two weeks ago. Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders has just graduated from high school. (Laughter) But this is Tiananmen Square. Many of you have been there. It's not the real China. Let me take you to the real China. This is in the Dabian Mountains in the remote part of Hubei province in central China. Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts. She lives with her parents, her two brothers and her great-aunt. They have a hut that has no electricity, no running water, no wristwatch, no bicycle. And they share this great splendor with a very large pig. Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said, "We're going to pull you out of school because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us. You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies. Why would we waste this money on you?" This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
Dakle, hajde da počnemo u Kini. Ova fotografija je napravljena pre dve nedelje. Zapravo, jedna pretpostavka u vezi sa dečakom na ramenima moga muža, jeste da se radi o dečaku koji je završio srednju školu. ( smeh ) Ali ovo na trgu Tjenanmen. Mnogi od vas su bili tamo. To nije prava Kina. Dozvolite mi da vas odvedem u pravu Kinu. Ovo je u Dabijan planinama, u udaljenom delu Hjubej provincije u centralnoj Kini. Daj Manđu je imala 13 godina u trenutku kada priča počinje. Živi sa svojim roditeljima, dva brata i baba-tetkom. Imaju kolibu bez struje, tekuće vode, bez sata, bicikla. I dele ovu raskoš sa veoma velikom svinjom. Daj Manđu je bila u šestom razredu kada su joj roditelji rekli: "Ispisaćemo te iz škole jer je školarina od 13 dolara previše za nas. Ostatak svog života provešćeš na poljima riže. Zašto bismo trošili ovaj novac na tebe?" To se dešava devojčicama u udaljenim područjima.
Turns out that Dai Manju was the best pupil in her grade. She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse and tried to catch every little bit of information that seeped out of the doors. We wrote about her in The New York Times. We got a flood of donations -- mostly 13-dollar checks because New York Times readers are very generous in tiny amounts (Laughter) but then, we got a money transfer for $10,000 -- really nice guy. We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school. He was delighted. He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school. I can give scholarships to all the girls, you know, if they work hard and stay in school. So Dai Manju basically finished out middle school. She went to high school. She went to vocational school for accounting. She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south. She found a job, she scouted for jobs for her classmates and her friends. She sent money back to her family. They built a new house, this time with running water, electricity, a bicycle, no pig.
Ispostavilo se da je Daj Manđu bila najbolji učenik u svom razredu. I dalje je hodala dva sata do škole i pokušavala da uhvati svaku informaciju koja je prodirala kroz vrata. Pisali smo o njoj u Njujork Tajmsu. Dobili smo pregršt donacija - uglavnom čekove na 13 dolara, zato što su čitaoci Njujork Tajmsa vrlo darežljivi u malim iznosima. ( smeh ) Ali onda smo dobili donaciju od 10 000 dolara - stvarno fin momak. Predali smo novac direktoru škole. Bio je oduševljen. Pomislio je: "Oh, mogu da renoviram školu. Mogu da dam stipendije svim devojčicama." Znate, ako rade naporno i ostanu u školi. Dakle Daj Manđu je u stvari završila osnovnu školu. Krenula je u srednju školu. Pohađala je stručnu školu za računovodstvo. Tražila je posao na jugu, u Guangdong provinciji. Našla je posao, tražila je poslove za ljude iz razreda i svoje prijatelje. Slala je novac svojoj porodici. Izgradili su novu kuću, ovog puta sa tekućom vodom, strujom, biciklom, bez svinje.
What we saw was a natural experiment. It is rare to get an exogenous investment in girls' education. And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle. She not only changed her own dynamic, she changed her household, she changed her family, her village. The village became a real standout. Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time, but they were able to get a road built to link them up to the rest of China.
Ovo što smo videli je bio prirodni eksperiment. Retko se dobija spoljna donacija za obrazovanje devojčica. I tokom godina, prateći Daj Manđu, mogli smo da vidimo kako je bila u stanju da pređe iz mučeničkog kruga u dobročiniteljski. Ona nije promenila samo svoju dinamiku, već i svoje domaćinstvo, porodicu, selo. Selo je postalo prepoznatljivo. Naravno, Kina je u to vreme cvetala, ali su oni uspeli da izgrade put koji ih povezuje sa ostatkom Kine.
And that brings me to my first major of two tenets of "Half the Sky." And that is that the central moral challenge of this century is gender inequity. In the 19th century, it was slavery. In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism. The cause of our time is the brutality that so many people face around the world because of their gender. So some of you may be thinking, "Gosh, that's hyperbole. She's exaggerating." Well, let me ask you this question. How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world? Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world? Hands up, please. How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world? Okay, most of you. Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong. There are, true enough, in Europe and the West, when women and men have equal access to food and health care, there are more women, we live longer. But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case. In fact, demographers have shown that there are anywhere between 60 million and 100 million missing females in the current population.
I to me dovodi do mog prvog velikog od dva principa u "Polovina Neba". A to je da je centralni moralni izazov ovog stoleća rodna neravnopravnost. U 19. veku, to je bilo ropstvo. U 20., totalitarizam. Problem našeg vremena jeste brutalnost sa kojom se toliko ljudi širom sveta susreće, zbog svog roda. Neki od vas mogu pomisliti: "Bože, to je hiperbola. Preteruje." Pa, hajde da vas pitam sledeće. Koliko vas misli da ima više muškaraca nego žena na svetu? Hajde da sprovedem anketu. Koliko vas misli da na svetu ima više muškaraca? Podignite ruke, molim. Koliko vas misli - nekoliko - koliko vas misli da ima više žena na svetu? Okej, većina vas. Pa, znate, ova druga grupa, niste u pravu. Zapravo, istinu govoreći, u Evropi i na Zapadu, gde muškarci i žene imaju ravnopravan pristup hrani i zdravstvu, tada ima više žena nego muškaraca, živimo duže. Ali u većini ostatka sveta, to nije slučaj. U stvari, demografi su pokazali da postoji između 60 i 100 miliona nestalih žena u trenutnoj populaciji.
And, you know, it happens for several reasons. For instance, in the last half-century, more girls were discriminated to death than all the people killed on all the battlefields in the 20th century. Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram. Girls get aborted before they're even born when there are scarce resources. This girl here, for instance, is in a feeding center in Ethiopia. The entire center was filled with girls like her. What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family, were totally fine. In India, in the first year of life, from zero to one, boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate because they depend upon the breast, and the breast shows no son preference. From one to five, girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate than boys, in all of India.
I, znate, to se dogodilo iz nekoliko razloga. Na primer, u poslednjih pola veka, više je devojaka diskriminisano do smrti nego što je ljudi poginulo na svim ratištima, u 20. veku. Ponekad je i zbog sonograma. Devojčice se abortiraju pre nego što su rođene u situacijama kada nema dovoljno resursa. Ova devojčica, na primer je u centru za ishranu u Etiopiji. Čitav centar je bio ispunjen devojčicama poput nje. Ono što je zapanjujuće, njena braća, iz iste porodice, su bila potpuno u redu. U Indiji, tokom prve godine života, dakle od nula do jedan, broj preživelih muških i ženskih beba u suštini je isti jer one zavise od dojenja, a dojenje ne pokazuje preferencije prema sinovima. Od prve do pete, 50 posto više devojčica od dečaka umre, u čitavoj Indiji.
The second tenet of "Half the Sky" is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all, and just on a purely practical level, we think that one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism is to educate girls and to bring women into the formal labor force. Poverty, for instance. There are three reasons why this is the case. For one, overpopulation is one of the persistent causes of poverty. And you know, when you educate a boy, his family tends to have fewer kids, but only slightly. When you educate a girl, she tends to have significantly fewer kids. The second reason is it has to do with spending. It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty, which is that, not only do poor people take in very little income, but also, the income that they take in, they don't spend it very wisely, and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men. So research has shown, if you look at people who live under two dollars a day -- one metric of poverty -- two percent of that take-home pay goes to this basket here, in education. 20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks -- and prostitution and festivals. If you just take four percentage points and put it into this basket, you would have a transformative effect.
Druga poruka u "Polovini neba" je, hajde da stavimo sa strane moralnost svega ispravnog i pogrešnog ovde. I samo na praktičnom nivou, da razmislimo o tome da je jedan od najbojih načina borbe protiv siromaštva i terorizma obrazovanje devojčica i formalno zapošljavanje žena. Siromaštvo, na primer. Postoje tri razloga zbog čega se ovo dešava. Pod jedan, prevelika populacija je jedan od stalnih uzroka siromaštva. I znate, kada obrazujete dečaka, njegova porodica rađa manje dece, ali samo neznatno manje. Kada obrazujete devojčicu, rađaju značajno manje dece. Drugi razlog je u vezi sa trošenjem. To je na neki način prljava, mala tajna siromaštva, a to je da ne samo da siromašni ljudi zarađuju malo, već i da to što zarade, ne potroše mudro. I na nesreću, većinu toga potroše muškarci. Istraživanje je pokazalo, ako pogledate ljude koji žive sa ispod dva dolara dnevno - jedno merilo siromaštva - dva posto od ovog dohotka ode u ovu korpu ovde, obrazovanje. 20 posto ode u kategoriju koja je kombinacija alkohola, duvana, slatkih pića i prostitucije i festivala. Ako oduzmete samo četiri odsto i stavite ih u ovu kategoriju, imaćete efekat transformacije.
The last reason has to do with women being part of the solution, not the problem. You need to use scarce resources. It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju. Bill Gates put it very well when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia. He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves. However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier. On this side was men, and then the barrier, and this side was women. And someone from this side of the room got up and said, "Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia to be one of the top 10 countries when it comes to technology. Do you think we'll make it?" So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said, "If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country, there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10." So here is Bill of Arabia.
Poslednji razlog je u vezi sa tim da su žene deo rešenja, a ne problem. Morate da koristite retke resurse. Ako ne iskoristite nekoga poput Daj Manđu, to je gubljenje resursa. Bil Gejts je to odlično postavio na svom putovanju kroz Saudijsku Arabiju. Govorio je pred publikom sličnoj vama. Međutim, na drugoj trećini puta, naišao je na prepreku. Ovde su bili muškarci, onda prepreka, a sa ove strane žene. I neko sa ove strane sobe je ustao i rekao, "Gospodine Gejts, naš cilj ovde u Saudijskoj Arabiji je da budemo među prvih 10 zemalja kada je u pitanju tehnologija. Hoćemo li uspeti?" I Bil Gejts, gledajući u publiku, reče, "Ako u potpunosti ne koristite polovinu svojih resursa u državi, nema šanse ni da ćete se približiti prvih 10." Dakle, evo ga Bil od Arabije.
(Laughter)
( smeh )
So what would some of the specific challenges look like? I would say, on the top of the agenda is sex trafficking. And I'll just say two things about this. The slavery at the peak of the slave trade in the 1780s: there were about 80,000 slaves transported from Africa to the New World. Now, modern slavery: according to State Department rough statistics, there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number -- that are trafficked across international borders. And that does not even include those that are trafficked within country borders, which is a substantial portion. And if you look at another factor, another contrast, a slave back then is worth about $40,000 in today's money. Today, you can buy a girl trafficked for a few hundred dollars, which means she's actually more disposable. But you know, there is progress being made in places like Cambodia and Thailand. We don't have to expect a world where girls are bought and sold or killed.
Dakle, kako bi neki od specifičnih izazova izgledali? Rekla bih, na vrhu liste je trgovina belim robljem. I reći ću samo dve stvari u vezi sa ovim. Ropstvo na vrhuncu trgovine robljem tokom 1780-ih: postojalo je oko 80 000 robova, prebačenih iz Afrike u Novi Svet. Sada, moderno ropstvo: prema grubim procenama Stejt Departmenta, postoji oko 800 000 - 10 puta više - kojima je trgovano preko internacinalnih granica. A to čak i ne uključuje one kojiima je trgovano unutar državnih granica, što je ključna tačka. I ako pogledate još jedan faktor, još jedan kontrast, rob iz prošlosti vredi oko 40 000 dolara u današnjoj vrednosti. Danas možete da kupite devojčicu za nekoliko stotina dolara, što znači da je ona više za jednokratnu upotrebu. Ali znate, napredak se dešava u mestima poput Kambodže i Tajlanda. Ne moramo da očekujemo svet u kojem se devojke kupuju, prodaju ili ubijaju.
The second item on the agenda is maternal mortality. You know, childbirth in this part of the world is a wonderful event. In Niger, one in seven women can expect to die during childbirth. Around the world, one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth. You know, it's not as though we don't have the technological solution, but these women have three strikes against them: they are poor, they are rural and they are female. You know, for every woman who does die, there are 20 who survive but end up with an injury. And the most devastating injury is obstetric fistula. It's a tearing during obstructed labor that leaves a woman incontinent.
Druga na listi jeste smrtnost majki. Znate, rođenje deteta u ovom delu sveta jeste divan događaj. U Nigeru, jedna od sedam žena može da očekuje da umre tokom porođaja. Širom sveta, jedna žena umre svakog minuta i po tokom porođaja. Znate, nije teško zbog toga što nemamo tehnološko rešenje, već ove žene imaju tri udara: siromašne su, nerazvijene i žene su. Znate, za svaku ženu koja zaista umre, 20 žena preživi ali završe sa povredom. A najrazornija povreda je akušerska fistula. To je cepanje prilikom porođaja koje ostavlja ženu nesposobnom da se kontroliše.
Let me tell you about Mahabuba. She lives in Ethiopia. She was married against her will at age 13. She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby, but you know, her body was very immature, and she ended up having obstructed labor. The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula. So that meant she was incontinent; she couldn't control her wastes. In a word, she stank. The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her. So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut. They ripped off the door so that the hyenas would get her at night. That night, there was a stick in the hut. She fought off the hyenas with that stick. And the next morning, she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary, she would be saved. Because she had some damage to her nerves, she crawled all the way -- 30 miles -- to that doorstep, half dead. The foreign missionary opened the door, knew exactly what had happened, took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa, and she was repaired with a 350-dollar operation. The doctors and nurses there noticed that she was not only a survivor, she was really clever, and they made her a nurse. So now, Mahabuba, she is saving the lives of hundreds, thousands, of women. She has become part of the solution, not the problem. She's moved out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle.
Dozvolite mi da vam predstavim Mahabubu. Ona živi u Etijopiji. Udali su je protiv njene volje u 13. godini. Zatrudnela je, porodila se u žbunju, ali znate, njeno telo je bilo vrlo nezrelo, i završila je sa neprirodnim porođajem. Beba je umrla, a ona je završila sa fistulom. Dakle to znači da je ona inkontinentna, nije mogla da kontroliše svoje funkcije izlučivanja. Jednom rečju, smrdela je. Stanovnici sela su mislili da je ukleta, nisu znali šta da rade sa njom. Naposletku, stavili su je na kraj sela u straćaru. Strgli su vrata kako bi je hijene pojele tokom noći. Te noći, bio je štap u straćari. Borila se sa hijenama tim štapom. I sledećeg jutra, znala je da ukoliko stigne do sledećeg sela gde postoje strani misionari, biće spašena. Pošto je imala oštećenje nerava, puzala je čitavim putem - 30 milja - do tog praga, polu mrtva. Strani misionari su otvorili vrata, znajući šta se dogodilo, odveli je u obližnju bolnicu za fistule u Adis Abebi, gde su je operisali operacijom od 350 dolara. Doktori i sestre su primetili da ona nije samo osoba sposobna da preživi, bila je vrlo pametna i postala je medicinska sestra. Dakle, sada, Mahabuba, spašava živote stotinama, hiljadama žena. Postala je deo rešenja, ne problem. Pomerila se iz mučeničkog kruga, u dobročiniteljski.
I've talked about some of the challenges, let me talk about some of the solutions, and there are predictable solutions. I've hinted at them: education and also economic opportunity. So of course, when you educate a girl, she tends to get married later on in life, she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids, and those kids that she does have, she educates them in a more enlightened fashion. With economic opportunity, it can be transformative.
Govorila sam o nekim izazovima, hajde da govorim o nekim rešenjima, a to su predvidljiva rešenja. Ukazala sam na njih: obrazovanje i ekonomske prilike. Naravno, kada obrazujete devojčicu, ona ima tendenciju da se kasnije uda, da ima decu kasnije, da ima manje dece, ali da one koje rodi, obrazuje na više prosvetljeni način. Sa ekonomskim prilikama, stvari mogu da se menjaju.
Let me tell you about Saima. She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan. And at the time, she was miserable. She was beaten every single day by her husband, who was unemployed. He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore -- and took his frustrations out on her. Well, when she had her second daughter, her mother in-law told her son, "I think you'd better get a second wife. Saima's not going to produce you a son." This is when she had her second daughter. At the time, there was a microlending group in the village that gave her a 65-dollar loan. Saima took that money, and she started an embroidery business. The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well, and they kept asking for more. And when she couldn't produce enough, she hired other women in the village. Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village working for her embroidery business. And then, when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods from the village to the marketplace, she needed someone to help her do the transport, so she hired her husband. So now they're in it together. He does the transportation and distribution, and she does the production and sourcing. And now they have a third daughter, and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education because Saima knows what's really important.
Da vam predstavim Saimu. Živi u malom selu izvan Lahore, Pakistan. I u to vreme, bila je očajna. Svakog dana ju je tukao muž koji nije radio. Bio je kockarski tip - i nesposoban za rad, samim tim - i svoju frustraciju je iskaljivao na njoj. Pa, kada je rodila drugu ćerku, njena svekrva je rekla njenom sinu, "Mislim da je bolje da nađeš drugu ženu, Saima ti neće roditi sina." To se desilo kada je rodila drugu ćerku. U to vreme, postojala je grupa u selu za mikropozajmice koja joj je dala zajam od 65 dolara. Saima je uzela taj novac, i počela posao sa vezom. Trgovcima se njen vez dopadao, lako se prodavao, i stalno su tražili još. A kada nije mogla da proizvede dovoljno, zaposlila je žene iz sela. Ubrzo je imala 30 žena u selu koje su radile vez. I onda, kada je morala da preveze sve proizvode od sela do pijace, bila joj je potrebna pomoć oko transporta, pa je zaposlila svog muža. I sada su u tom poslu zajedno. On radi prevoz i distribuciju, a ona proizvodnju i nabavku. I sada imaju treću ćerku, i ćerke, sve tri, idu u školu jer Saima zna šta je stvarno važno.
Which brings me to the final element, which is education. Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank, once said that, "It may well be that the highest return on investment in the developing world is in girls' education." Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira. Beatrice was living in Uganda near the Congo border, and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school. Actually, she had never been to school, not to a lick, one day. Her parents, again, said, "Why should we spend the money on her? She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth." Well, it just so happens, at that time, there was a group in Connecticut called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut. They made a donation to an organization based in Arkansas called Heifer International. Heifer sent two goats to Africa. One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents, and that goat had twins. The twins started producing milk. They sold the milk for cash. The cash started accumulating, and pretty soon the parents said, "You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school." So at nine years of age, Beatrice started in first grade -- after all, she'd never been to a lick of school -- with a six year-old. No matter, she was just delighted to be in school. She rocketed to the top of her class. She stayed at the top of her class through elementary school, middle school, and then in high school, she scored brilliantly on the national examinations so that she became the first person in her village, ever, to come to the United States on scholarship. Two years ago, she graduated from Connecticut College. On the day of her graduation, she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive because of a goat." (Laughter) And that goat was $120.
Što me dovodi do poslednjeg elementa, a to je obrazovanje. Leri Samers, dok je bio glavni ekonomista u Svetskoj Banci, jednom prilikom je rekao: "Može biti da najveći povraćaj uloženog novca u zemljama u razvoju dolazi od obrazovanja devojčica." Dozvolite mi da vam pričam o Beatris Bira. Beatris je živela u Ugandi blizu granice sa Kongom, i poput Daj Manđu, nije išla u školu, Zapravo, ona nikada nije išla u školu, ni na tren, ni na dan. Njeni roditelji su rekli, opet: "Zašto bismo trošili novac na nju? Veći deo svog života provešće noseći vodu." Pa, igrom slučaja je u to vreme postojala grupa u Konektikatu zvana Najantik Komjuniti Čurč Grup u Konektitaku. Donirali su novac organizaciji lociranoj u Arkanzasu zvanoj Hejfer Internacional. Hejfer je poslala dve koze u Afriku. Jedna od njih je završila kod Beatrisinih roditelja. I koza je dobila bliznakinje. One su proizvodile mleko. Prodavali su mleko za novac. Novac je počeo da se nagomilava, i vrlo brzo roditelji su rekli: "Znate, imamo dovoljno novca. Hajde da pošaljemo Beatris u školu." I tako je u devetoj godini, Beatris krenula u prvi razred - ipak nikada nije bila ni blizu školi - zajedno sa šestogodišnjacima. Nije bilo bitno, bila je jednostavno oduševljena što je u školi. Popela se na vrh svog razreda. Ostala je na vrhu kroz osnovnu, a kasnije i srednju školu, briljirala je na državnim ispitima, i postala je prva osoba iz njenog sela, ikada, koja je došla u Sjedinjene Države, zahvaljujući stipendiji. Pre dve godine, dilpomirala je na Konektikat Koledžu, Na dan diplomiranja, rekla je: "Ja sam najsrećnija devojka na svetu, zbog koze." ( smeh ) A koza je koštala 120 dolara.
So you see how transformative little bits of help can be. But I want to give you a reality check. Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy, and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid. There's Bill Easterly's book. There's a book called "Dead Aid." You know, the criticism is fair; it isn't easy. You know, people say how half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed. When I was in Zimbabwe, we were touring a place with the village chief -- he wanted to raise money for a secondary school -- and there was some construction a few yards away, and I said, "What's that?" He sort of mumbled. Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project. A few yards away was a failed chicken coop. One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there. It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater; you actually improve. You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
Dakle vidite kako mali koraci pomoći mogu da promene stvari. Ali želim da vas podsetim na realnost. Pogledajte: USAID, "Pomoć SAD-a" , pomaganje ljudima nije lako. I izdate su knjige koje su kritikovale USAID. Postoji knjiga Bil Isterlija. Knjiga se zove "Mrtva pomoć". Znate, kritika je ispravna, nije lako. Znate, ljudi su videli kako polovina svih projekata za čistu vodu godinu dana kasnije propada. Kada sam bila u Zimbabveu, obilazili smo mesto sa poglavicom - hteo je da sakupi novac za srednju školu - postojala je neka konstrukcija nedaleko, i ja sam pitala: "Šta je ovo?" Promrmljao je nešto. Ispostavilo se da je to neuspeli projekat navodnjavanja. Nekoliko metara dalje bio je neuspeli kokošinjac. Godina je prošla, sve su kokoške uginule, a niko nije hteo da stavi kokoške unutra. Isitna je, ali mislimo da se prvi mačići u vodu bacaju i da će to popraviti stvari. Učite iz svojih grešaka, i nastavljate da napredujete.
We also think that individuals can make a difference, and they should, because individuals, together, we can all help create a movement. And a movement of men and women is what's needed to bring about social change, change that will address this great moral challenge. So then, I ask, what's in it for you? You're probably asking that. Why should you care? I will just leave you with two things. One is that research shows that once you have all of your material needs taken care of -- which most of us, all of us, here in this room do -- research shows that there are very few things in life that can actually elevate your level of happiness. One of those things is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
Takođe mislimo da individue mogu promeniti stvari, i trebalo bi, jer pojedinci, zajedno, svi možemo da pomognemo u stvaranju inicijative. A inicijativa muškaraca i žena je ono što nam treba za socijalnu promenu, promenu koja će ukazati na ovaj veliki moralni izazov. I onda, pitam vas, šta vi imate od toga? Verovatno se to pitate. Zašto bi vam bilo bitno? Ostaviću vas sa dve stvari. Jedna je da istraživanje pokazuje da jednom kada su vaše materijalne potrebe zadovoljene - a većini nas ovde jesu - istraživanje pokazuje da postoji par stvari u životu koje mogu da podignu nivo vaše sreće. Jedna od tih stvari jeste doprinos uzroku većem od vas samih.
And the second thing, it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with. And that is the story of an aid worker in Darfur. Here was a woman who had worked in Darfur, seeing things that no human being should see. Throughout her time there, she was strong, she was steadfast. She never broke down. And then she came back to the United States and was on break, Christmas break. She was in her grandmother's backyard, and she saw something that made her break down in tears. What that was was a bird feeder. And she realized that she had the great fortune to be born in a country where we take security for granted, where we not only can feed, clothe and house ourselves, but also provide for wild birds so they don't go hungry in the winter. And she realized that with that great fortune comes great responsibility. And so, like her, you, me, we have all won the lottery of life. And so the question becomes: how do we discharge that responsibility?
A druga stvar. To je anegdota sa kojom ću vas ostaviti. A to je priča o medicinskom radniku u Darfuru. radi se o ženi koja je radila u Darfuru gledajući stvari koje ni jedno ljudsko biće ne treba da vidi. Tokom tog vremena, bila je jaka, nepokolebljiva. Nikada se nije slomila. A onda se vratila u Ameriku na odmor, Božićni praznici. Bila je u dvorištu svoje bake. i videla nešto što ju je slomilo do suza. Videla je hranilicu za ptice. I shvatila je kako je imala veliku sreću da se rodi u zemlji gde uzimamo sigurnost zdravo za gotovo, gde ne samo da možemo da hranimo, oblačimo i skućimo se, već i da obezbedimo to divljim pticama kako ne bi ogladnele tokom zime. I shvatila je da sa toliko velikom srećom dolazi i velika odgovornost. I tako, poput nje, vi, ja, svi smo dobitnici životnog lotoa. I tako se javlja pitanje: kako da se oslobodimo odgovornosti?
So, here's the cause. Join the movement. Feel happier and help save the world.
Dakle, imamo uzrok. Pridružite se pokretu. Budite srećniji i pomozite da se spasi svet.
Thank you very much.
Mnogo vam hvala.
(Applause)
( aplauz )