The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today rarely makes the front pages. It, however, is enormous in both scale and importance. Look, you all are very well traveled; this is TEDGlobal after all. But I do hope to take you to some places you've never been to before.
Svetovni izziv, o katerem želim govoriti danes, se redkokdaj pojavi na naslovnicah. Vendar je izjemno velik, tako po obsegu kot po pomembnosti. Vsi ste že veliko potovali; to je navsezadnje TEDGlobal. Vseeno upam, da vas odpeljem v kraje, ki jih niste še nikoli obiskali.
So, let's start off in China. This photo was taken two weeks ago. Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders has just graduated from high school. (Laughter) But this is Tiananmen Square. Many of you have been there. It's not the real China. Let me take you to the real China. This is in the Dabian Mountains in the remote part of Hubei province in central China. Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts. She lives with her parents, her two brothers and her great-aunt. They have a hut that has no electricity, no running water, no wristwatch, no bicycle. And they share this great splendor with a very large pig. Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said, "We're going to pull you out of school because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us. You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies. Why would we waste this money on you?" This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
Tako, začnimo na Kitajskem. Ta fotografija je bila posneta pred dvema tednoma. V resnici je deček na ramenih mojega moža pravkar zaključil srednjo šolo. (smeh) Kakorkoli že, to je Trg nebeškega miru. Mnogi ste že bili tam. To ni resnična Kitajska. Naj vas popeljem do resnične Kitajske. To je v gorah Dabian, v odročnem delu province Hubei v osrednji Kitajski. Dai Manju je ob začetku zgodbe stara 13 let. Živi s svojimi starši, z bratoma in s staro teto. Živijo v kolibi brez elektrike, brez tekoče vode, brez ure, brez kolesa. In to sijajno razkošje si delijo z zelo velikim prašičem. Ko je bila v 6. razredu, so ji starši rekli: "Vzeli te bomo iz šole, ker je 13 dolarjev šolnine preveč za nas. Do konca življenja boš delala na riževih poljih. Zakaj bi zapravljali denar zate?" To se dogaja dekletom v odročnih predelih.
Turns out that Dai Manju was the best pupil in her grade. She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse and tried to catch every little bit of information that seeped out of the doors. We wrote about her in The New York Times. We got a flood of donations -- mostly 13-dollar checks because New York Times readers are very generous in tiny amounts (Laughter) but then, we got a money transfer for $10,000 -- really nice guy. We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school. He was delighted. He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school. I can give scholarships to all the girls, you know, if they work hard and stay in school. So Dai Manju basically finished out middle school. She went to high school. She went to vocational school for accounting. She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south. She found a job, she scouted for jobs for her classmates and her friends. She sent money back to her family. They built a new house, this time with running water, electricity, a bicycle, no pig.
Izkazalo se je, da je bila Dai Manju najboljša učenka v svojem letniku. Še vedno je dve uri hodila do šole in lovila vsak košček informacije, ki je ušel izza vrat. O njej smo pisali v New York Timesu. Dobili smo poplavo prispevkov - - večinoma čeke v vrednosti 13 dolarjev - saj so bralci New York Timesa zelo radodarni z majhnimi zneski. (smeh) Nato smo dobili nakazilo za 10.000 dolarjev - zares prijazen možakar. Denar smo predali gospodu na sliki, ravnatelju šole. Bil je presrečen. Pomislil je: "O, lahko prenovim šolo. Vsem dekletom lahko dam štipendijo." Saj veste, če so pridne in ostanejo v šoli. Tako je Dai Manju v bistvu dokončala osnovno šolo. Vpisala se je v srednjo upravno administrativno šolo. Začela je iskati službo v provinci Guangdong na jugu. Našla je službo in začela iskati službe za sošolke in prijateljice. Svoji družini je poslala denar. Zgradili so novo hišo, tokrat z vodovodom, z elektriko, s kolesom, brez prašiča.
What we saw was a natural experiment. It is rare to get an exogenous investment in girls' education. And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle. She not only changed her own dynamic, she changed her household, she changed her family, her village. The village became a real standout. Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time, but they were able to get a road built to link them up to the rest of China.
Kar smo videli, je bil naravni poskus. Redko se zgodi, da dobimo zunanjo investicijo za šolanje deklet. Ob večletnem spremljanju Dai Manju smo videli, da se je uspela premakniti iz začaranega kroga v uspešen krog. Ni spremenila samo svoje dinamike, spremenila je svoje gospodinjstvo, svojo družino, svojo vas. Vas je postala res nekaj izrednega. Seveda je večina Kitajske takrat napredovala, a njim je uspelo zgraditi cesto, ki jih je povezala s preostalo Kitajsko.
And that brings me to my first major of two tenets of "Half the Sky." And that is that the central moral challenge of this century is gender inequity. In the 19th century, it was slavery. In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism. The cause of our time is the brutality that so many people face around the world because of their gender. So some of you may be thinking, "Gosh, that's hyperbole. She's exaggerating." Well, let me ask you this question. How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world? Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world? Hands up, please. How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world? Okay, most of you. Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong. There are, true enough, in Europe and the West, when women and men have equal access to food and health care, there are more women, we live longer. But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case. In fact, demographers have shown that there are anywhere between 60 million and 100 million missing females in the current population.
Prvo izmed dveh velikih načel v knjigi Polovica neba se glasi: Osrednji moralni izziv tega stoletja je neenakost med spoloma. V 19. stoletju je to bilo suženjstvo. V 20. stoletju totalitarizem. Današnji problem je krutost, ki jo tako veliko ljudi izkusi po vsem svetu zaradi svojega spola. Nekateri si morda mislite: ''Presneto, to je hiperbola. Pretirava." No, naj vas vprašam tole. Kaj mislite, je na svetu več moških ali žensk? Naredimo anketo. Koliko vas misli, da je več moških? Dvignite roke, prosim. Nekaj. Koliko vas misli, da je več žensk? V redu, večina. No, vi v zadnji skupini se motite. Več žensk je, to je res, v Evropi in na Zahodu, kjer imajo ženske in moški enak dostop do hrane in zdravstvene oskrbe, tu je več žensk, živimo dlje. Toda v večini preostalega sveta ni tako. Pravzaprav so demografi pokazali, da manjka med 60 in 100 milijonov žensk v trenutni populaciji.
And, you know, it happens for several reasons. For instance, in the last half-century, more girls were discriminated to death than all the people killed on all the battlefields in the 20th century. Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram. Girls get aborted before they're even born when there are scarce resources. This girl here, for instance, is in a feeding center in Ethiopia. The entire center was filled with girls like her. What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family, were totally fine. In India, in the first year of life, from zero to one, boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate because they depend upon the breast, and the breast shows no son preference. From one to five, girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate than boys, in all of India.
To, veste, se zgodi iz več razlogov. Na primer, v zadnji polovici stoletja je bilo več deklet diskriminiranih do smrti, kot je bilo ubitih ljudi na vseh bojiščih v 20. stoletju. Včasih je vzrok ultrazvok. Tam, kjer je malo virov, dekleta splavijo, preden se sploh rodijo. Dekle na sliki je v centru za oskrbo s hrano v Etiopiji. Cel center je bil poln takih deklet. Presenetljivo je, da so bili njeni bratje popolnoma v redu. V Indiji v prvem letu življenja, od rojstva do prvega leta, fantki in punčke preživijo v približno enakem razmerju, saj so odvisni od dojenja in prsi ne dajejo prednosti sinovom. Od prvega do petega leta pa je delež smrtnosti deklet za 50 odstotkov višji od fantov.
The second tenet of "Half the Sky" is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all, and just on a purely practical level, we think that one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism is to educate girls and to bring women into the formal labor force. Poverty, for instance. There are three reasons why this is the case. For one, overpopulation is one of the persistent causes of poverty. And you know, when you educate a boy, his family tends to have fewer kids, but only slightly. When you educate a girl, she tends to have significantly fewer kids. The second reason is it has to do with spending. It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty, which is that, not only do poor people take in very little income, but also, the income that they take in, they don't spend it very wisely, and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men. So research has shown, if you look at people who live under two dollars a day -- one metric of poverty -- two percent of that take-home pay goes to this basket here, in education. 20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks -- and prostitution and festivals. If you just take four percentage points and put it into this basket, you would have a transformative effect.
Drugo načelo knjige Polovica neba je: Pustimo ob strani moralo in pravičnost. Čisto na praktičnem nivoju menimo, da je en najboljših načinov za boj proti revščini in terorizmu izobraževanje deklet in njihova vključitev v formalno delovno silo. Revščina, na primer. Obstajajo trije razlogi, zakaj je tako. Kot primer, prenaseljenost je eden od nenehnih vzrokov revščine. Ko izobraziš dečka, ima njegova družina običajno manj otrok, a le neznatno manj. Ko izobraziš deklico, ima običajno občutno manj otrok. Drugi razlog je povezan z zapravljanjem. To je majhna, umazana skrivnost revščine. Ne samo, da imajo revni ljudje zelo malo dohodkov, tudi tistih dohodkov, ki jih prejmejo, ne zapravijo preveč modro. In na žalost večino denarja zapravijo moški. Raziskava je pokazala, da ljudje, ki imajo manj kot 2 dolarja na dan - - kar je eno merilo revščine - dajo 2 odstotka dohodka v košaro za izobraževanje. 20 odstotkov gre v košaro, ki je kombinacija alkohola, tobaka, sladkih pijač, prostitucije in zabav. Če bi vzeli samo 4 odstotke in jih položili v to košaro, bi se veliko spremenilo.
The last reason has to do with women being part of the solution, not the problem. You need to use scarce resources. It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju. Bill Gates put it very well when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia. He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves. However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier. On this side was men, and then the barrier, and this side was women. And someone from this side of the room got up and said, "Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia to be one of the top 10 countries when it comes to technology. Do you think we'll make it?" So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said, "If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country, there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10." So here is Bill of Arabia.
Ta zadnji razlog je povezan s tem, da so ženske del rešitve, ne problema. Moramo uporabiti omejene vire. Škoda je, če ne uporabiš nekoga, kot je Dai Manju. Bill Gates je to lepo povedal, ko je potoval skozi Saudovo Arabijo. Govoril je pred občinstvom, podobnim vam. Vendar je prostor delila pregrada. Na eni strani so bili moški, nato pregrada in na drugi strani ženske. Nekdo s te strani je vstal in vprašal: "G. Gates, naš cilj je, da bi bili ena izmed 10 top držav, kar zadeva tehnologijo. Mislite, da nam bo uspelo?" Bill Gates je, medtem ko je opazoval občinstvo, rekel: "Če ne boste povsem izkoristili polovice virov v državi, nimate možnosti, da bi prišli med najboljših 10." Tukaj je Bil Arabski.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
So what would some of the specific challenges look like? I would say, on the top of the agenda is sex trafficking. And I'll just say two things about this. The slavery at the peak of the slave trade in the 1780s: there were about 80,000 slaves transported from Africa to the New World. Now, modern slavery: according to State Department rough statistics, there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number -- that are trafficked across international borders. And that does not even include those that are trafficked within country borders, which is a substantial portion. And if you look at another factor, another contrast, a slave back then is worth about $40,000 in today's money. Today, you can buy a girl trafficked for a few hundred dollars, which means she's actually more disposable. But you know, there is progress being made in places like Cambodia and Thailand. We don't have to expect a world where girls are bought and sold or killed.
Kako torej izgledajo nekateri specifični izzivi? Rekla bi, da je po pomembnosti na vrhu trgovanje z belim blagom. O tem bom povedala samo dve stvari. Suženjstvo na vrhuncu trgovine s sužnji okrog leta 1780: Okrog 80.000 sužnjev je bilo prepeljanih iz Afrike v Novi svet. Zdaj, moderno suženjstvo: Po okvirni statistiki notranjega ministrstva je okrog 800.000 ljudi - 10-krat več - prepeljanih preko mednarodnih meja. To niti ne vključuje tistih, s katerimi trgujejo znotraj meja, kar predstavlja znaten delež. Poglejmo še en dejavnik, še eno nasprotje: Suženj je bil v tistih časih vreden okrog 40.000 dolarjev v današnjem denarju. Danes lahko kupiš dekle za nekaj sto dolarjev, kar pomeni, da jo je manj škoda. Ampak napredek je opazen v državah, kot sta Kambodža in Tajska. Ni nam treba sprejemati sveta, v katerem so dekleta kupljena, prodana ali ubita.
The second item on the agenda is maternal mortality. You know, childbirth in this part of the world is a wonderful event. In Niger, one in seven women can expect to die during childbirth. Around the world, one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth. You know, it's not as though we don't have the technological solution, but these women have three strikes against them: they are poor, they are rural and they are female. You know, for every woman who does die, there are 20 who survive but end up with an injury. And the most devastating injury is obstetric fistula. It's a tearing during obstructed labor that leaves a woman incontinent.
Druga pomembna stvar je umrljivost žensk med porodom. Rojstvo otroka je v tem delu sveta čudovit dogodek. V Nigru lahko ena od sedmih žensk pričakuje, da bo umrla med porodom. Po vsem svetu vsako minuto in pol ena ženska umre med porodom. Veste, ne gre za to, da ne bi imeli tehnološke rešitve, a te ženske zadanejo trije udarci: so revne, živijo na podeželju in so ženske. Veste, za vsako žensko, ki umre, je 20 takih, ki preživijo, a so poškodovane. In najhujša poškodba je poporodna fistula. To je raztrganina med oviranim porodom, zaradi katere so ženske inkontinentne.
Let me tell you about Mahabuba. She lives in Ethiopia. She was married against her will at age 13. She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby, but you know, her body was very immature, and she ended up having obstructed labor. The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula. So that meant she was incontinent; she couldn't control her wastes. In a word, she stank. The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her. So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut. They ripped off the door so that the hyenas would get her at night. That night, there was a stick in the hut. She fought off the hyenas with that stick. And the next morning, she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary, she would be saved. Because she had some damage to her nerves, she crawled all the way -- 30 miles -- to that doorstep, half dead. The foreign missionary opened the door, knew exactly what had happened, took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa, and she was repaired with a 350-dollar operation. The doctors and nurses there noticed that she was not only a survivor, she was really clever, and they made her a nurse. So now, Mahabuba, she is saving the lives of hundreds, thousands, of women. She has become part of the solution, not the problem. She's moved out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle.
Naj vam povem o Mahabubi. Živi v Etiopiji. Proti svoji volji se je morala poročiti pri trinajstih. Zanosila je, se skrila za grm, da je rodila, a njeno telo je bilo zelo nezrelo in porod je bil zelo težek. Otrok je umrl, ona pa je dobila fistulo. To je pomenilo, da je bila inkontinentna in ni mogla zadržati blata in vode. Preprosto, smrdela je. Vaščani so mislili, da je prekleta; niso vedeli, kaj naj z njo. Na koncu so jo poslali v barako ob robu vasi. Odtrgali so vrata, da bi jo ponoči napadle hijene. Tisto noč je bila v koči palica. Z njo je Mahabuba odgnala hijene. Naslednje jutro je vedela, da bo rešena, če ji uspe priti do bližnje vasi, kjer je živel tuji misijonar. Ker je imela poškodovane živce, se je celo pot - 48 km - plazila do tistega praga, napol mrtva. Tuji misijonar je odprl vrata in takoj vedel, kaj se je zgodilo. Odpeljal jo je v bližnjo bolnišnico v Adis Abebo, kjer so jo pozdravili z operacijo, vredno 350 dolarjev. Zdravniki in sestre so opazili, da ni le preživela, ampak je bila zelo bistra. Usposobili so jo za medicinsko sestro. Tako zdaj Mahabuba rešuje življenja stotin, tisočih žensk. Postala je del rešitve, ne problema. Premaknila se je iz začaranega kroga v uspešen krog.
I've talked about some of the challenges, let me talk about some of the solutions, and there are predictable solutions. I've hinted at them: education and also economic opportunity. So of course, when you educate a girl, she tends to get married later on in life, she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids, and those kids that she does have, she educates them in a more enlightened fashion. With economic opportunity, it can be transformative.
Govorila sem o nekaterih izzivih, naj vam povem še o nekaterih rešitvah, saj obstajajo predvidljive rešitve. Kot sem že namignila: izobrazba in tudi gospodarske priložnosti. Seveda, če izobraziš dekle, se običajno poroči kasneje v življenju, ima kasneje otroke, ima manj otrok in tiste otroke, ki jih ima, izobrazi na bolj razsvetljen način. Z gospodarsko priložnostjo to lahko povzroči spremembe.
Let me tell you about Saima. She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan. And at the time, she was miserable. She was beaten every single day by her husband, who was unemployed. He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore -- and took his frustrations out on her. Well, when she had her second daughter, her mother in-law told her son, "I think you'd better get a second wife. Saima's not going to produce you a son." This is when she had her second daughter. At the time, there was a microlending group in the village that gave her a 65-dollar loan. Saima took that money, and she started an embroidery business. The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well, and they kept asking for more. And when she couldn't produce enough, she hired other women in the village. Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village working for her embroidery business. And then, when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods from the village to the marketplace, she needed someone to help her do the transport, so she hired her husband. So now they're in it together. He does the transportation and distribution, and she does the production and sourcing. And now they have a third daughter, and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education because Saima knows what's really important.
Naj vam povem o Saimi. Živi v vasici blizu Lahoreja v Pakistanu. Nekoč je bila obupana. Njen mož, ki je bil brez zaposlitve, jo je vsak dan pretepel. Bil je hazarder - zato ni dobil zaposlitve - in svoje frustracije je znašal nad njo. No, ko se je rodila njuna druga hči, je njena tašča rekla svojemu sinu: ''Mislim, da bo bolje, če si najdeš drugo ženo. Saima ti ne bo dala sina.'' To je bilo, ko se je rodila druga hči. Takrat je bila v vasi skupina, ki je posojala majhne zneske in ji dala 65 dolarjev vredno posojilo. Saima je vzela denar in se lotila posla z vezenjem. Vezenine so se dobro prodajale in trgovci so jih želeli vedno več. Ko jih sama ni zmogla izdelati dovolj, je zaposlila druge ženske iz vasi. Kaj kmalu je 30 žensk iz vasi delalo zanjo. Potem ko je bilo treba prepeljati vezenine iz vasi do tržnice, je potrebovala nekoga, ki ji bo pomagal, zato je zaposlila moža. Zdaj sta torej skupaj v tem. On skrbi za prevoz in prodajo, ona za proizvodnjo in vire. Rodila se jima je še tretja hči in vse tri se izobražujejo, saj Saima ve, kaj je zares pomembno.
Which brings me to the final element, which is education. Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank, once said that, "It may well be that the highest return on investment in the developing world is in girls' education." Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira. Beatrice was living in Uganda near the Congo border, and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school. Actually, she had never been to school, not to a lick, one day. Her parents, again, said, "Why should we spend the money on her? She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth." Well, it just so happens, at that time, there was a group in Connecticut called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut. They made a donation to an organization based in Arkansas called Heifer International. Heifer sent two goats to Africa. One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents, and that goat had twins. The twins started producing milk. They sold the milk for cash. The cash started accumulating, and pretty soon the parents said, "You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school." So at nine years of age, Beatrice started in first grade -- after all, she'd never been to a lick of school -- with a six year-old. No matter, she was just delighted to be in school. She rocketed to the top of her class. She stayed at the top of her class through elementary school, middle school, and then in high school, she scored brilliantly on the national examinations so that she became the first person in her village, ever, to come to the United States on scholarship. Two years ago, she graduated from Connecticut College. On the day of her graduation, she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive because of a goat." (Laughter) And that goat was $120.
S tem pridemo do zadnjega elementa - izobrazbe. Ko je bil glavni ekonomist pri Svetovni banki, je Larry Summers enkrat rekel: ''Možno je, da se največji donos pri vlaganju v države v razvoju skriva v izobraževanju deklet.'' Naj vam povem o Beatrice Biira. Beatrice je živela v Ugandi, blizu meje s Kongom in tako kot Dai Manju ni hodila v šolo. Pravzaprav ni bila nikoli v šoli, niti en sam dan. Tudi njeni starši so rekli: ''Zakaj bi zapravljali denar zanjo? Večino življenja bo nosila vodo sem in tja.'' No, slučajno je prav takrat v Connecticutu obstajala skupina, ki se je imenovala Niantic Community Church Group. Dali so donacijo organizaciji Heifer International, ki ima sedež v Arkansasu . Heifer je v Afriko poslal dve kozi. Eno so dobili Beatricini starši. Koza je imela dvojčke. Dvojčici sta začeli proizvajati mleko. Mleko so prodali. Denar se je začel nabirati in kmalu so starši rekli: ''Denarja je dovolj. Pošljimo Beatrice v šolo.'' Tako je šla Beatrice pri devetih letih v prvi razred - konec koncev, prej ni bila nikoli v šoli - skupaj s šestletniki. A vseeno je bila presrečna, da je bila v šoli. Hitro je postala najboljša v razredu. Ostala je najboljša v razredu skozi celo osnovno šolo in kasneje v srednji šoli. Dosegla je izvrstne rezultate na državnih izpitih in postala prva oseba iz svoje vasi, ki je kadarkoli dobila štipendijo za študij v ZDA. Dve leti nazaj je diplomirala na Connecticut kolidžu. Na dan, ko je prejela diplomo, je rekla: ''Sem najsrečnejše dekle na svetu zaradi koze.'' (smeh) In tista koza je stala 120 dolarjev.
So you see how transformative little bits of help can be. But I want to give you a reality check. Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy, and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid. There's Bill Easterly's book. There's a book called "Dead Aid." You know, the criticism is fair; it isn't easy. You know, people say how half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed. When I was in Zimbabwe, we were touring a place with the village chief -- he wanted to raise money for a secondary school -- and there was some construction a few yards away, and I said, "What's that?" He sort of mumbled. Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project. A few yards away was a failed chicken coop. One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there. It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater; you actually improve. You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
Tako vidite, kakšno spremembo lahko povzročijo majhni delčki pomoči. A vrnimo se k realnosti. USAID je Agencija za mednarodno pomoč, a pomagati ni enostavno. Obstajajo knjige, ki kritizirajo USAID. Bill Easterly je napisal eno. Obstaja knjiga ''Dead Aid'' (Mrtva pomoč). Veste, kritike so poštene, ni enostavno. Veste, ljudje rečejo, kako je polovica projektov gradnje vodnjakov propadla. Ko sem bila v Zimbabveju, smo si ogledovali vas z lokalnim poglavarjem, ki je hotel zbrati denar za srednjo šolo. V bližini smo opazili gradbišče. Vprašala sem: ''Kaj je to?'' V odgovor je nekaj zamomljal. Izkazalo se je, da gre za propadel projekt za namakanje. Nekaj metrov stran je bil propadel kurnik. Eno leto so kokoši pomrle in nihče jih ni hotel več naseliti tja. Menimo, da zaradi tega ne smemo zavreči vseh projektov, ampak se moramo izboljšati. Učimo se na napakah in se nenehno izboljšujemo.
We also think that individuals can make a difference, and they should, because individuals, together, we can all help create a movement. And a movement of men and women is what's needed to bring about social change, change that will address this great moral challenge. So then, I ask, what's in it for you? You're probably asking that. Why should you care? I will just leave you with two things. One is that research shows that once you have all of your material needs taken care of -- which most of us, all of us, here in this room do -- research shows that there are very few things in life that can actually elevate your level of happiness. One of those things is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
Mislimo tudi, da lahko posamezniki veliko spremenijo, in morali bi, saj lahko posamezniki ustvarimo gibanje. Gibanje moških in žensk je potrebno za družbene spremembe, ki se bodo lotile tega velikega moralnega izziva. Tako, vprašanje je, kaj to prinaša vam? Verjetno se sprašujete, zakaj bi vas brigalo. Povedala bom samo dve stvari. Prva je ta, da so raziskave pokazale, da ko poskrbimo za vse svoje materialne potrebe - kar velja za vse nas v tej sobi - raziskave so torej pokazale, da je zelo malo reči v življenju, ki lahko dejansko dvignejo naš nivo sreče. Ena teh reči je prispevanje k cilju, večjemu od sebe.
And the second thing, it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with. And that is the story of an aid worker in Darfur. Here was a woman who had worked in Darfur, seeing things that no human being should see. Throughout her time there, she was strong, she was steadfast. She never broke down. And then she came back to the United States and was on break, Christmas break. She was in her grandmother's backyard, and she saw something that made her break down in tears. What that was was a bird feeder. And she realized that she had the great fortune to be born in a country where we take security for granted, where we not only can feed, clothe and house ourselves, but also provide for wild birds so they don't go hungry in the winter. And she realized that with that great fortune comes great responsibility. And so, like her, you, me, we have all won the lottery of life. And so the question becomes: how do we discharge that responsibility?
Druga stvar je anekdota, s katero bom zaključila. To je zgodba humanitarne delavke v Darfurju. Ta ženska je delala v Darfurju in videla stvari, ki jih nobeno človeško bitje ne bi smelo videti. Med tamkajšnjim bivanjem je bila močna, neomajna. Ni se zlomila. Nato se je vrnila v ZDA. Bilo je v času božičnih počitnic. Stala je na dvorišču svoje babice in videla nekaj, kar jo je spravilo v jok. Videla je ptičjo hranilnico. Spoznala je, da ima veliko srečo, da se je rodila v državi, kjer je varnost samoumevna, kjer lahko prehranjujemo, oblačimo in nastanimo ne samo sebe, ampak poskrbimo tudi za divje ptice, da niso lačne med hudo zimo. In spoznala je, da velika sreča prinaša tudi veliko odgovornost. Tako kot ona, smo tudi vi in jaz zadeli na loteriji življenja. In tako se postavi vprašanje: Kako naj prevzamemo odgovornost?
So, here's the cause. Join the movement. Feel happier and help save the world.
Tako, to je naš namen. Pridružite se gibanju. Bodite srečnejši in pomagajte rešiti svet.
Thank you very much.
Najlepša hvala.
(Applause)
(aplavz)