The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today rarely makes the front pages. It, however, is enormous in both scale and importance. Look, you all are very well traveled; this is TEDGlobal after all. But I do hope to take you to some places you've never been to before.
Globalni izazov o kojem vam danas želim govoriti rijetko dolazi do naslovnica. On je, kako bilo, ogroman u obje dimenzije, obujmu i značaju. Gledajte, vi svi ste puno proputovali; na koncu ovo je ipak TEDGlobal. Ali ja se nadam kako ću vas odvesti na neka mjesta na kojima prije niste bili.
So, let's start off in China. This photo was taken two weeks ago. Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders has just graduated from high school. (Laughter) But this is Tiananmen Square. Many of you have been there. It's not the real China. Let me take you to the real China. This is in the Dabian Mountains in the remote part of Hubei province in central China. Dai Manju is 13 years old at the time the story starts. She lives with her parents, her two brothers and her great-aunt. They have a hut that has no electricity, no running water, no wristwatch, no bicycle. And they share this great splendor with a very large pig. Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said, "We're going to pull you out of school because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us. You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies. Why would we waste this money on you?" This is what happens to girls in remote areas.
Započnimo s Kinom. Ova slika je napravljena prije dva tjedna. U stvari, jedna indikacija je što je taj maleni dječak na ramenima moga muža upravo maturirao. (Smijeh) Ali ovo je Tiananmen trg. Mnogi od vas su bili tamo. To nije prava Kina. Dopustite da vas odvedem u pravu Kinu. To su Dabian planine u udaljenom dijelu Hubei provincije u središnjoj Kini. Dai Manju ima 13 godina u vrijeme kada priča započinje. Ona živi sa svojim roditeljima, sa svoja dva brata i sestrom svoga djeda. Imaju kolibu bez struje, bez tekuće vode, bez ručnog sata, bez bicikla. I dijele tu raskoš s jako velikom svinjom. Dai Manju je bila u šestom razredu kada su joj roditelji rekli, "Izvuči ćemo te iz škole jer je školarina od 13 dolara previše za nas. Provest ćeš ostatak svog života u rižinim poljima. Zašto bismo trošili taj novac na tebe?" To je ono što se događa djevojčicama u udaljenim područjima.
Turns out that Dai Manju was the best pupil in her grade. She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse and tried to catch every little bit of information that seeped out of the doors. We wrote about her in The New York Times. We got a flood of donations -- mostly 13-dollar checks because New York Times readers are very generous in tiny amounts (Laughter) but then, we got a money transfer for $10,000 -- really nice guy. We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school. He was delighted. He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school. I can give scholarships to all the girls, you know, if they work hard and stay in school. So Dai Manju basically finished out middle school. She went to high school. She went to vocational school for accounting. She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south. She found a job, she scouted for jobs for her classmates and her friends. She sent money back to her family. They built a new house, this time with running water, electricity, a bicycle, no pig.
Ispalo je kako je Dai Manju bila najbolja učenica u razredu. I dalje je pravila dvosatni put do školske zgrade i pokušala uhvatiti svaki djelić informacije koji je izašao iz vrata. O njoj smo pisali u New York Timesu. Dobili smo more donacija -- uglavnom čekovi od 13 dolara, jer su čitatelji New York Timesa jako darežljivi s malenim iznosima. (Smijeh) Ali onda smo dobili donaciju od 10.000 $ -- stvarno dobar čovjek. Predali smo novac tamošnjem direktoru škole. Bio je oduševljen. Pomislio je, "Mogao bih obnoviti školu. Mogu dati stipendiju za sve djevojčice." Znate, ako rade naporno i ostanu u školi. Tako je Dai Manju u osnovi završila osnovnu školu. Otišla je u srednju školu. Otišla je u strukovnu školu za računovodstvo. Tražila je posao dolje u Guangdong provinciji na jugu. Pronašla je posao, tražila je poslove za ljude iz svoga razreda i prijatelje. Slala je novac nazad svojoj obitelji. Oni su sagradili novu kuću, ovaj puta s tekućom vodom, strujom, biciklom, bez svinje.
What we saw was a natural experiment. It is rare to get an exogenous investment in girls' education. And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle. She not only changed her own dynamic, she changed her household, she changed her family, her village. The village became a real standout. Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time, but they were able to get a road built to link them up to the rest of China.
Ono što smo vidjeli jest prirodan eksperiment. Rijetko dobijete vanjsku investiciju za obrazovanje djevojčica. I kroz godine, dok smo pratili Dai Manju, bili smo u mogućnosti vidjeti kako se ona uspjela izvući iz začaranog kruga i ući u krug dobroćinstva. Ona ne samo da je promijenila svoju dinamiku, ona je promijenila svoje kućanstvo, obitelj, selo. Selo je postalo primjerom. Naravno, većina Kine je cvjetala u to vrijeme ali oni su uspjeli sagraditi cestu, povezati se s ostatkom Kine.
And that brings me to my first major of two tenets of "Half the Sky." And that is that the central moral challenge of this century is gender inequity. In the 19th century, it was slavery. In the 20th century, it was totalitarianism. The cause of our time is the brutality that so many people face around the world because of their gender. So some of you may be thinking, "Gosh, that's hyperbole. She's exaggerating." Well, let me ask you this question. How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world? Let me take a poll. How many of you think there are more males in the world? Hands up, please. How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world? Okay, most of you. Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong. There are, true enough, in Europe and the West, when women and men have equal access to food and health care, there are more women, we live longer. But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case. In fact, demographers have shown that there are anywhere between 60 million and 100 million missing females in the current population.
I to me dovodi do prve velike od dvije poruke u "Pola neba". A to je središnji moralni izazov ovog stoljeća jest neravnopravnost spolova. U 19. stoljeću, to je bilo ropstvo. U 20. stoljeću to je bio totalitarizam. Problem našeg doba jest brutalnost s kojom je toliki broj ljudi suočen širom svijeta zbog svog spola. Neki od vas će pomisliti, "Bože, to je hiperbola. Ona pretjeruje." Dopustite mi da vam postavim ovo pitanje. Koliko vas misli da je više muškaraca ili žena na svijetu? Dozvolite da provedem glasanje. Koliko vas misli kako je više muškaraca na svijetu? Ruke u zrak, molim. Koliko vas misli -- nekoliko -- koliko vas misli kako je više žena na svijetu? OK, većina vas. Znate, ova druga grupa, je u krivu. Zapravo, iskreno, u Europi i na Zapadu, gdje muškarci i žene imaju jednak pristup hrani i zdravstvenoj brizi, postoji više žena, duže žive. Ali u većini ostatka svijeta, to nije slučaj. U stvari, demografi su pokazali kako postoji između 60 milijuna i 100 milijuna nestalih žena u sadašnjoj populaciji.
And, you know, it happens for several reasons. For instance, in the last half-century, more girls were discriminated to death than all the people killed on all the battlefields in the 20th century. Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram. Girls get aborted before they're even born when there are scarce resources. This girl here, for instance, is in a feeding center in Ethiopia. The entire center was filled with girls like her. What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family, were totally fine. In India, in the first year of life, from zero to one, boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate because they depend upon the breast, and the breast shows no son preference. From one to five, girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate than boys, in all of India.
I znate, to se dogodilo zbog nekoliko razloga. Na primjer, u posljednjih 50ak godina, više cura je diskrimirano do smrti nego što je ljudi poginulo na svim bojnim poljima u 20. stoljeću. Ponekad je to također zbog sonograma. Djevojčice se abortiraju prije nego što budu rođene kada su raspoloživi resursi oskudni. Ova djevojčica ovdje, na primjer, je u centru za prehranu u Etiopiji. Cijeli centar je pun djevojčica poput nje. Ono što je nevjerojatno da su njena braća, iz iste obitelji, savršeno u redu. U Indiji, u prvoj godini života, od nula do jedan, stopa preživjelih dječaka i djevojčica je jednaka, jer ovise o dojenju, a prsa nemaju sklonost ka sinovima. Od jedan do pet, cure umiru uz 50% višu stopu smrtnosti od dječaka, u cijeloj Indiji.
The second tenet of "Half the Sky" is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all, and just on a purely practical level, we think that one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism is to educate girls and to bring women into the formal labor force. Poverty, for instance. There are three reasons why this is the case. For one, overpopulation is one of the persistent causes of poverty. And you know, when you educate a boy, his family tends to have fewer kids, but only slightly. When you educate a girl, she tends to have significantly fewer kids. The second reason is it has to do with spending. It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty, which is that, not only do poor people take in very little income, but also, the income that they take in, they don't spend it very wisely, and unfortunately, most of that spending is done by men. So research has shown, if you look at people who live under two dollars a day -- one metric of poverty -- two percent of that take-home pay goes to this basket here, in education. 20 percent goes to a basket that is a combination of alcohol, tobacco, sugary drinks -- and prostitution and festivals. If you just take four percentage points and put it into this basket, you would have a transformative effect.
Druga poruka u "Pola neba" je, stavite po strani moralnost svega ispravnog i pogrešnog ovdje. I samo na čisto praktičnoj razini, mislimo kako je jedan od najboljih načina za borbu protiv siromaštva i terorizma jest edukacija djevojčica i uvođenje žena u formalnu radnu snagu. Siromaštvo, na primjer. Postoje tri razloga zbog čega se ovo događa. Prvo, prevelika populacija je jedan od stalnih razloga za siromaštvo. I znate, kada educirate dječaka, njihova obitelj ima manje djece, ali samo neznatno manje. Kada educirate curice, ona ima tendenciju imanja značajno manje djece. Drugi razlog je povezan s potrošnjom. To je na neki način prljava, mala tajna siromaštva, a to je, ne samo da siromašni ljudi zarađuju manje, ali također, ono što zarade, ne potroše pametno. I na nesreću, većina te potrošnje je napravljena od strane muškaraca. Tako su istraživanja pokazala, ako pogledate ljude koji žive s manje od dva dolara dnevno -- jedna od metrika siromaštva -- dva posto od te plaće ide u ovu košaru ovdje, edukaciju. 20 posto ide u košaru koja je kombinacija alkohola, duhana, šećernih pića, te prostitucije i festivala. Ako uzmete samo četiri postotna boda i stavite to u ovu košaru, imali biste transformacijski efekt.
The last reason has to do with women being part of the solution, not the problem. You need to use scarce resources. It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju. Bill Gates put it very well when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia. He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves. However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier. On this side was men, and then the barrier, and this side was women. And someone from this side of the room got up and said, "Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia to be one of the top 10 countries when it comes to technology. Do you think we'll make it?" So Bill Gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said, "If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country, there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10." So here is Bill of Arabia.
Zadnja lekcija ima veze s ženama koje su dio rješenja, a ne problema. Morate koristiti oskudne resurse. To je bacanje resursa ako ne koristite nekoga poput Dai Manju. Bill Gates je jako dobro rekao kada je putovao kroz Saudijsku Arabiju. Govorio je publici poput vas. Kakobilo, na dvije trećine se nalazilo ograničenje. Na ovoj strani su bili muškarci, i onda ograničenje, i na ovoj strani žene. I netko s ove strane sobe se ustao i rekao, "Gosp. Gates, mi u Saudijskoj Arabiji imamo cilj biti u 10 najuspješnijih zemalja kada je riječ o tehnologiji. Mislite li da ćemo to ostvariti?" Bill Gates, dok je gledao u publiku, odgovori, "Ako do kraja ne koristite pola resursa vaše zemlje, nema šanse da dođete niti blizu 10 najboljih." Dakle tu je Bill od Arabije.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
So what would some of the specific challenges look like? I would say, on the top of the agenda is sex trafficking. And I'll just say two things about this. The slavery at the peak of the slave trade in the 1780s: there were about 80,000 slaves transported from Africa to the New World. Now, modern slavery: according to State Department rough statistics, there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number -- that are trafficked across international borders. And that does not even include those that are trafficked within country borders, which is a substantial portion. And if you look at another factor, another contrast, a slave back then is worth about $40,000 in today's money. Today, you can buy a girl trafficked for a few hundred dollars, which means she's actually more disposable. But you know, there is progress being made in places like Cambodia and Thailand. We don't have to expect a world where girls are bought and sold or killed.
Dakle kako bi neki od specifičnih izazova izgledali? Rekla bih, na vrhu agende je trgovina ljudima. I o tome ću reći samo dvije stvari. Ropstvo na vrhu trgovine robljem u 1780im: bilo je oko 80.000 robova transportirano iz Afrike u Novi svijet. Moderno ropstvo: prema gruboj statistici Državne uprave, postoji oko 800.000 -- 10 puta više -- kojima se trguje preko međunarodnih granica. A to niti ne uključuju one kojima se trguje unutar granica pojedine zemlje, što predstavlja značajan udio. I ako pogledate na drugi čimbenik, drugi kontrast, robovi tada su vrijedili oko 40.000 US$ današnjeg novca. Danas, možete kupiti curicu za nekoliko stotina dolara, što znači da je dostupnija. Ali znate, napravljen je napredak na mjestima poput Kambodže i Tajlanda. Ne moramo čekati svijet u kojem se djevojke kupuju i prodaju ili ubijaju.
The second item on the agenda is maternal mortality. You know, childbirth in this part of the world is a wonderful event. In Niger, one in seven women can expect to die during childbirth. Around the world, one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth. You know, it's not as though we don't have the technological solution, but these women have three strikes against them: they are poor, they are rural and they are female. You know, for every woman who does die, there are 20 who survive but end up with an injury. And the most devastating injury is obstetric fistula. It's a tearing during obstructed labor that leaves a woman incontinent.
Druga stvar na agendi jest smrtnost majki. Znate, rođenje djeteta u tim dijelovima svijeta je prekrasan događaj. U Nigeru, jedna od sedam žena može očekivati da će umrijeti tijekom poroda. Širom svijeta, svaku minutu i pol jedna žena umre od posljedica poroda. Znate, nije da nemamo tehnološka rješenja, ali te žene imaju tri otežavajuće okolnosti: siromašne su, dolaze iz ruralnih područja i žene su. Znate, na svaku ženu koja umre, postoji njih 20 koje prežive ali s ranama. A najrazornija rana je porodiljska fistula. To je kidanje prilikom poroda koje ostavlja žene nesposobnima da se kontroliraju.
Let me tell you about Mahabuba. She lives in Ethiopia. She was married against her will at age 13. She got pregnant, ran to the bush to have the baby, but you know, her body was very immature, and she ended up having obstructed labor. The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula. So that meant she was incontinent; she couldn't control her wastes. In a word, she stank. The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her. So finally, they put her at the edge of the village in a hut. They ripped off the door so that the hyenas would get her at night. That night, there was a stick in the hut. She fought off the hyenas with that stick. And the next morning, she knew if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary, she would be saved. Because she had some damage to her nerves, she crawled all the way -- 30 miles -- to that doorstep, half dead. The foreign missionary opened the door, knew exactly what had happened, took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa, and she was repaired with a 350-dollar operation. The doctors and nurses there noticed that she was not only a survivor, she was really clever, and they made her a nurse. So now, Mahabuba, she is saving the lives of hundreds, thousands, of women. She has become part of the solution, not the problem. She's moved out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle.
Dozvolite da vam kažem nešto o Mahabuba-i. Ona živi u Etiopiji. Udala se protiv svoje volje s 13 godina. Zatrudnjela je, otrčala u grmlje da bi se porodila, ali znate, njeno tijelo je bilo nezrelo, i završila je s ometenim porodom. Beba je umrla, a ona je završila s fistulom. To znači da je ona postala inkontinentna; nije više mogla kontrolirati svoju funkciju izlučivanja. Drugim riječima, smrdjela je. Suseljani su mislili kako je prokleta; nisu znali što bi s njom. Na kraju, su je stavili u kolibu na rub sela. Strgali su joj vrata kako bi je se hijene dočepale tijekom noći. Te noći, imala je štap u svojoj kolibi. Obranila se od hijena tim štapom. I slijedeće jutro, znala je ako se može dočepati drugog sela sa stranom misijom, mogla je biti spašena. Zbog toga što je imala nekakvo oštećenje živaca, puzala je cijelim putem -- nekih 50ak kilometara -- do tog praga, polumrtva. Strani misionari su otvorili vrata, znali su točno što se dogodilo, odveli su je do obližnje bolnice u Addis Ababa-i, i tamo su je izliječili s operacijom od 350 US$. Tamošnji doktori i sestre su primjetili da ona nije samo borac, bila je također jako pametna, i od nje su napravili sestru. Tako sada, Mahabuba, ona spašava živote stotinama, tisućama, žena. Ona je postala dio rješenja, a ne problema. Izvukla se iz začaranog kruga i uvukla se u krug čestitosti.
I've talked about some of the challenges, let me talk about some of the solutions, and there are predictable solutions. I've hinted at them: education and also economic opportunity. So of course, when you educate a girl, she tends to get married later on in life, she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids, and those kids that she does have, she educates them in a more enlightened fashion. With economic opportunity, it can be transformative.
Govorila sam o nekim izazovima, dozvolite da vam kažem nešto o rješenjima, a tu postoje predvidiva rješenja. Nagovijestila sam ih: obrazovanje i također ekonomska prilika. Tako naravno, kada educirate curu, ona ima želju udati se kasnije u životu, želi imati djecu kasnije u životu, ona želi imati manje djece, i ta djeca koju će imati, obrazovati će ih na prosvjetljeniji način. S ekonomskom prilikom, to može biti transformativno.
Let me tell you about Saima. She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan. And at the time, she was miserable. She was beaten every single day by her husband, who was unemployed. He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable, therefore -- and took his frustrations out on her. Well, when she had her second daughter, her mother in-law told her son, "I think you'd better get a second wife. Saima's not going to produce you a son." This is when she had her second daughter. At the time, there was a microlending group in the village that gave her a 65-dollar loan. Saima took that money, and she started an embroidery business. The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well, and they kept asking for more. And when she couldn't produce enough, she hired other women in the village. Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village working for her embroidery business. And then, when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods from the village to the marketplace, she needed someone to help her do the transport, so she hired her husband. So now they're in it together. He does the transportation and distribution, and she does the production and sourcing. And now they have a third daughter, and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education because Saima knows what's really important.
Dozvolite da vam kažem nešto o Saima-i. Ona živa u malom selu izvan Lahore-a, Pakistan. I u to vrijeme, ona je bila očajna. Bila je pretučena svaki dan od strane muža, koji je bio nezaposlen. On je bio neka vrsta kockara -- i nezaposlen, stoga -- je dio svoje frustracije iskaljivao na njoj. Kada je dobila drugu kćer, njena svekrva je rekla sinu, "Mislim da bi trebao uzeti drugu ženu. Saima ti neće dati sina." To je bilo kada je dobila svoju drugu kćer. U to vrijeme, bila je grupa za mikrokreditiranje u selu koja joj je dala zajam od 65 US$. Saima je uzela taj novac, i započela s poslom vezenja. Trgovci su voljeli ono što je radila; prodavalo se jako dobro, i oni su nastavili tražiti još. I kada više nije mogla proizvesti dovoljno, zaposlila je druge žene iz sela. Jako brzo je imala 30 žena iz sela koje su radile u poslu vezenja. I onda, kada je trebala prevesti su to robu koju su izvezle od sela do tržnice, trebala je nekoga tko će joj pomoći oko transporta, tako je uposlila svog muža. Sada su u tome zajedno. On se brine o transportu i distribuciji, a ona o proizvodnji i nabavi. I sada imaju treću kćerku, a kćeri, sve uče i obrazuju se jer Saima zna što je stvarno važno.
Which brings me to the final element, which is education. Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank, once said that, "It may well be that the highest return on investment in the developing world is in girls' education." Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira. Beatrice was living in Uganda near the Congo border, and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school. Actually, she had never been to school, not to a lick, one day. Her parents, again, said, "Why should we spend the money on her? She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth." Well, it just so happens, at that time, there was a group in Connecticut called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut. They made a donation to an organization based in Arkansas called Heifer International. Heifer sent two goats to Africa. One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents, and that goat had twins. The twins started producing milk. They sold the milk for cash. The cash started accumulating, and pretty soon the parents said, "You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school." So at nine years of age, Beatrice started in first grade -- after all, she'd never been to a lick of school -- with a six year-old. No matter, she was just delighted to be in school. She rocketed to the top of her class. She stayed at the top of her class through elementary school, middle school, and then in high school, she scored brilliantly on the national examinations so that she became the first person in her village, ever, to come to the United States on scholarship. Two years ago, she graduated from Connecticut College. On the day of her graduation, she said, "I am the luckiest girl alive because of a goat." (Laughter) And that goat was $120.
Što me dovodi do konačnog elementa, a to je obrazovanje. Larry Summers, kada je bio glavni ekonomist Svjetske banke, jednom je izjavio, "Možda je najveća stopa povrata na investiciju u zemljama u razvoju u obrazovanju djevojčica." Dozvolite mi da vam ispričam o Beatrice Birra-i. Beatrice je živjela u Ugandi, blizu granice s Kongom. i kao Dai Manju, nije išla u školu. U stvari, ona nikada nije niti bila u školi, niti najmanje, niti jedan dan. Njeni roditelji, su opet, rekli, "Zašto bismo trošili novce na nju? Većinu života će ionako provesti tegleći vodu naprijed, nazad." I tako se dogodilo, u to vrijeme, postojala je grupa u Connecticut-u koja se zvala Niantic Community Church Group u Connecticut-u. Oni su dali donaciju jednoj organizaciji iz Arkansas-a koja se zvala Heifer International. Heifer je poslao dvije koze u Afriku. Jedna od njih završila je kod roditelja od Beatrice. I ta je koza imala blizance. Blizanci su započeli proizvoditi mlijeko. Prodavali su mlijeko za gotovinu. Gotovine je bilo sve više, i jako brzo su roditelji rekli, "Znaš, imamo dovoljno novca. Hajdemo poslati Beatrice u školu." I tako s devet godina, Beatrice je krenula u prvi razred -- napokon, nikada prije toga nije bila u školi -- sa šestogodišnjacima. Bez obzira, ona je bila oduševljena što je u školi. Bila je u vrhu svog razreda. Ostala je u vrhu svog razreda i u osnovnoj i u srednjoj školi, i onda u srednjoj školi, imala je sjajan uspjeh na državnom testiranju, tako je postala prva osoba u njenom selu, ikada, koja je dospjela u Sjedinjene Države temeljem stipendije. Prije dvije godine, diplomirala je na Connecticut College-u. Na dan kada je diplomirala, rekla je, "Ja sam najsretnija živuča cura zbog koze." (Smijeh) I ta je koza koštala 120 US$.
So you see how transformative little bits of help can be. But I want to give you a reality check. Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy, and there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid. There's Bill Easterly's book. There's a book called "Dead Aid." You know, the criticism is fair; it isn't easy. You know, people say how half of all water well projects, a year later, are failed. When I was in Zimbabwe, we were touring a place with the village chief -- he wanted to raise money for a secondary school -- and there was some construction a few yards away, and I said, "What's that?" He sort of mumbled. Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project. A few yards away was a failed chicken coop. One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there. It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater; you actually improve. You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve.
Vidite koliko transformativna mala pomoć može biti. Ali ja vas želim podsjetiti na realnost. Gledajte: USAID, pomaganje ljudi nije lagano. I postoje knjige koje su kritizirale USAID. Tu je knjiga Bill-a Easterly-a. Tu je knjiga naslova "Mrtva pomoć". Znate, kritika je pravedna; nije lagana. Znate, ljudi kažu kako je polovica projekata za čistu vodu, godinu kasnije, propala. Kada sam bila u Zimbabveu, obilazili smo selo sa seoskim poglavarom -- on je htio skupiti novac za srednju školu -- i tamo je nedaleko bila nekakva konstrukcija, te sam rekla, "Što je to?" On je nešto promrmljao. Ispalo je kako je to bio propali projekt navodnjavanja. Nekoliko metara dalje je bio propali kokošinjac. Jedne godine, sve su kokoši umrle, i nitko više nije želio staviti kokoši tamo. Istina je, ali mi mislimo kako se prvi mačići ne bacaju u vodu; pokušate poboljšati stvari. Učite iz svojih grešaka, i stalno unapređujete.
We also think that individuals can make a difference, and they should, because individuals, together, we can all help create a movement. And a movement of men and women is what's needed to bring about social change, change that will address this great moral challenge. So then, I ask, what's in it for you? You're probably asking that. Why should you care? I will just leave you with two things. One is that research shows that once you have all of your material needs taken care of -- which most of us, all of us, here in this room do -- research shows that there are very few things in life that can actually elevate your level of happiness. One of those things is contributing to a cause larger than yourself.
Također mislimo kako pojedinci mogu napraviti razliku, i trebali bi, jer pojedinci, zajednički, mogu pomoći da se kreira pokret. A pokret muškaraca i žena je ono što je potrebno kako bi se dogodila društvena promjena, promjena koja će riješiti taj veliki moralni izazov. Dakle, pitam se, gdje ste tu vi? Vjerojatno se pitate. Zašto biste se vi brinuli? Ostaviti ću vas s dvije stvari. Jedna je da istraživanja pokazuju da jednom kada imate sve svoje materijalne potrebe zbrinute -- što većina nas, svi mi, u ovoj sobi imamo -- istraživanja pokazuju kako postoji malo stvari u životu koje u stvari mogu povećati osjećaj sreće. Jedna od tih stvari jest doprinos stvarima koje su veće od nas samih.
And the second thing, it's an anecdote that I'll leave you with. And that is the story of an aid worker in Darfur. Here was a woman who had worked in Darfur, seeing things that no human being should see. Throughout her time there, she was strong, she was steadfast. She never broke down. And then she came back to the United States and was on break, Christmas break. She was in her grandmother's backyard, and she saw something that made her break down in tears. What that was was a bird feeder. And she realized that she had the great fortune to be born in a country where we take security for granted, where we not only can feed, clothe and house ourselves, but also provide for wild birds so they don't go hungry in the winter. And she realized that with that great fortune comes great responsibility. And so, like her, you, me, we have all won the lottery of life. And so the question becomes: how do we discharge that responsibility?
I druga stvar. To je anegdota s kojom ću vas ostaviti. I to je priča medicinskog radnika u Darfur-u. Tu je bila žena koja je radila u Darfur-u, i vidjela je stvari koje niti jedno ljudsko biće ne bi trebalo vidjeti. Tijekom njezina vremena tamo, bila je jaka, bila je nepokolebljiva. Nikada se nije raspala. I onda se vratila nazad u Sjedinjene Države i bila je na odmoru, Božićnom odmoru. Bila je u bakinom dvorištu, i vidjela je nešto što ju je dovelo do suza. To je bila hranilica za ptice. I shvatila je kako ima veliko bogatstvo da se rodila u zemlji u kojoj sigurnost uzimamo pod normalno, gdje se ne samo možemo prehraniti, obući i udomiti, već i osigurati hranu za divlje ptice tako da nisu gladne preko zime. I shvatila je da s tako velikim bogatstvom dolazi i velika odgovornost. I tako, poput nje, vi, ja, svi smo mi dobili lutriju života. A to nas dovodi do pitanja: kako možemo razriješiti tu odgovornost?
So, here's the cause. Join the movement. Feel happier and help save the world.
Dakle, tu je uzrok. Pridružite se pokretu. Osjećajte se sretnijim i pomozite spasiti svijet.
Thank you very much.
Hvala vam jako puno.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)