We are witness to monumental human progress. Over the past few decades, the expansion of the global marketplace has lifted a third of the world's population out of extreme poverty. Yet we are also witness to an astounding failure. Our efforts to lift people up have left behind those in the harshest forms of poverty, the ultra-poor.
Biz insoniyatning ulkan taraqqiyotiga guvoh o'lmoqdamiz. O'tgan o'n yillar davomida, jahon bozorining kengayishi dunyo aholisining uchdan bir qismini qashshoqlikdan olib chiqdi. Lekin biz ulkan muvaffaqiyatsizlikka ham guvoh bo'lmoqdamiz. Bu sa'y-harakatlarimiz shundoq ham qashshoq odamlarni o'ta qashshoq qilib qo'ydi.
What it means to be ultra-poor goes beyond the monetary definition that we're all familiar with: living on less than two dollars a day. It goes even beyond not having assets like livestock or land. To be ultra-poor means to be stripped of your dignity, purpose and self-worth. It means living in isolation, because you're a burden to your own community. It means being unable to imagine a better future for yourself and your family.
O'ta qashshoq bo'lish bizga ma'lum bo'lgan pul miqdoridan ham chetga chiqadi: kuniga 2 dollardan kam pulga yashash. U hatto yer va chorva mollarining yo'qligidan ham oshib tushadi. O'ta qashshoq bo'lish o'z qadr-qimmatidan, maqsadidan va o'zidan mahrum bo'lishdir. Bu yakka holda yashashni anglatadi. Chunki siz jamoatchilik uchun bosh og'rig'isiz. Bu oilangiz va o'zingiz uchun farovon kelajakni tasavvur qila olmaslikni anglatadi.
By the end of 2019, about 400 million people were living in ultra-poverty worldwide. That's more than the populations of the United States and Canada combined. And when calamity strikes, whether it's a pandemic, a natural disaster or a manmade crisis, these numbers spike astronomically higher.
2019-yil oxirigaacha, taxminan 400 million odam o'ta qashshoqlik darajasida istiqomat qilgan. Bu Kanada va AQSH ning birgalikdagi aholisidan ham ko'p degani. Falokat yuz berganda esa, bu pandemiya bo'ladimi, tabiiy ofat, yoki inson yuzaaga keltirgan inqiroz, bu raqamlar favqulodda ko'tariladi.
My father, Fazle Abed, gave up a corporate career to establish BRAC here in Bangladesh in 1972. Bangladesh was a wreck, having just gone through a devastating cyclone followed by a brutal war for independence. Working with the poorest of the poor, my father realized that poverty was more than the lack of income and assets. It was also a lack of hope. People were trapped in poverty, because they felt their condition was immutable. Poverty, to them, was like the sun and the moon -- something given to them by God.
Mening dadam, Fazle Abed o'z amalidan voz kechgan 1972-yil, bu yerda, Bangladeshda BRAC ni tashkil qilish uchun. Bangladesh ostun-ustun edi, endigina halokatli to'fondan qutulib chiqib, mustaqillik uchun urush iskanjasida edi. Eng qashshoq odamlar bilan ishlab, otam shuni angladiki, qashshoqlik faqatgina pul yoki boshqa moddiy narsalar yo'qchiligi emas, bu shuningdek, umidsizlik ham edi. Odamlar qashshoqlikka o'rganib qolgandi, chunki ularning holatlari o'zgarmas edi. Qashshoqlik ular uchun oy va quyosh kabidek edi, Hudo tomonidan berilgan narsa kabi.
For poverty reduction programs to succeed, they would need to instill hope and self-worth so that, with a little support, people could lift themselves out of poverty.
Qashshoqlikni kamaytiradigan dasturlarning amali uchun, ular insonlarga umid va qadrini ham singdirishi kerak. Shu tarzda, kichik ko'mak bilan odamlar o'zlarini qashshoqlikdan olib chiqadi.
BRAC went on to pioneer the graduation approach, a solution to ultra-poverty that addresses both income poverty and the poverty of hope. The approach works primarily with women, because women are the most affected by ultra-poverty but also the ones most likely to pull themselves and their families out of it.
BRAC bitiruv yondashuvini olbi kirdi, o'ta qashshoqlikka yechim sifatida, u kam daromadni ham, umidsizlikni ham o'z ichiga olardi. Bu yondashun asosan ayollarga tog'ri keladi. Chunki ular o'ta qashshoqlikdan eng ko'p aziyat chekkan. Lekin ular o'zlarni va oilalarini undan olib chiqib keta olishadi ham.
Over a two-year period, we essentially do four things. One, we meet a woman's basic needs by giving her food or cash, ensuring the minimum to survive. Two, we move her towards a decent livelihood by giving her an asset, like livestock, and training her to earn money from it. Three, we train her to save, budget and invest her new wealth. And four, we help to integrate her socially, first into groups of women like her and then into her community. Each of these elements is key to the success of the others, but the real magic is the hope and sense of possibility the women develop through the close mentorship they receive.
Ikki yil davomida, biz asosan to'rtta ish qildik. Birinchisi, ayollarning eng asosiy ehtiyojlarini qondirdik, mablag' va oziq-ovqat bergan holda, yashab qolishini ta'minladik. Ikkinchisi, tirikchilik qilishi uchun chorva kabi moddiy narsalar berdik va ularni bundan pul topishga o'rgatdik. Uchinchisi, ularga pulni yig'ishni va yangi narsalarga sarmoya kiritishni o'rgatdik. To'rtinchisi, ularni jamiyatga aralashuviga yordam berdik, avval, o'zlari kabi bo'lgan ayollar guruhlariga, keyin esa jamoatchiligiga. Bularning har bir bo'g'ini boshqalarning muvaffaqiyati uchun o'ta muhimdir. Lekin chin sehr - bu umid va imkoniyat hissining borligidadir, ayollarning bu ko'rsatmalar bilan rvojlanishidadir.
Let me tell you about Jorina. Jorina was born in a remote village in northern Bangladesh. She never went to school, and at the age of 15, she was married off to an abusive husband. He eventually abandoned her, leaving her with no income and two children who were not in school and were severely malnourished. With no one to turn to for help, she had no hope. Jorina joined BRAC's Graduation program in 2005. She received a dollar a week, two cows, enterprise training and a weekly visit from a mentor. She began to build her assets, but most importantly, she began to imagine a better future for herself and her children. If you were visit Jorina's village today, you would find that she runs the largest general store in her area. She will proudly show you the land she bought and the house she built.
Sizga Jorina haqida o'zlab bersam. Jorina shimoliy Bangladeshdagi uzoq qishloqda tug'ilgan. U hech qachon maktab ko'rmagan. U 15 yoshida xo'rlaydigan erga uzatilgan. U oxiri qizni tashlab ketgan, uni hech qanday daromadsiz qoldirib. Maktabga bormaydiga, 2 farzand ham qolgan, och qolgan holda. Hech kim yordam bermagach, uning umidi uzilgan edi. Jorina BRAC Bitiruv dasturiga 2005-yili qo'shilgan. U haftasiga bir dollar olgan, va ikkita sigir, tadbirkorlik kursiga o'qigan va haftasiga mentor tashrif buyurgan. U moddiy daromad topishni boshlagan. Lekin, eng muhimi, u o'zi va bolalari uchun farovon kelajakni tasavvur qila boshlagan. Agar bugun Jorinani qishlog'iga yo'lingiz tushsa, u hududdagi eng katta do'konga egalik qilishiga guvoh bo'lasiz. U o'zi sotib olgan yerni va qurgan uyini faxr bilan ko'rsatadi.
Since we began this program in 2002, two million Bangladeshi women have lifted themselves and their families out of ultra-poverty. That's almost nine million people. The program, which costs 500 dollars per household, runs for only two years, but the impact goes well beyond that.
Bu dasturni 2002-yilda boshlaganimizdan beri, ikki million Bangladesh ayol-qizlari o'zlarini va oilalarini o'ta qashshoqlikdan olib chiqishdi. Bu deyarli 9 million kishi degani. Har bir xo'jalik uchun 500 dollarga teng bo'lgan bu dastur, ikki yilgina amalda bo'ldi. Ammo, ta'siri undan uzoqqa cho'ziladi.
Researchers at the London School of Economics found that even seven years after entering the program, 92 percent of participants had maintained or increased their income, assets and consumption. Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee, the MIT economists who won the Nobel Prize last year, led multicountry evaluations that identified graduation as one of the most effective ways to break the poverty trap.
London Iqtisodiyot Maktabidagi tadqiqotchilar shuni aniqlashdiki, dasturga kirganidan yetti yil o'tib ham, 92 foiz qatnashchilar o'zlarini eplab yurishgan yoki daromadini, moddiy boyligini, va iste'mol savatini oshirishgan. Esther Duflo va Abhijit Banerji, o'tgan yili Nobel sovrinini yutgan, MIT iqtisodchilari, mamlakatlararo baholashni olib borishdi: Unda bitiruv yondashuvi, qashshoqlikni yengishdagi eng samarali yo'llardan biri deb topildi.
But my father wasn't content to have found a solution that worked for some people. He always wanted to know whether we were being ambitious enough in terms of scale. So when we achieved nationwide scale in Bangladesh, he wanted to know how we could scale it globally. And that has to involve governments. Governments already dedicate billions of dollars on poverty reduction programs. But so much of that money is wasted, because these programs either don't reach the poorest, and even the ones that do fail to have significant long-term impact.
Lekin otam ba'zi odamlarga foydasi tekkan yechimni topgandan ko'ngli to'lmadi. U har doim ulkan maqsadlar qo'yayapmizmi deya boshi qotardi, gap miqyos haqida ketganda. Biz butun Bangladesh miqosida, muvaffaqiyatga erishganimizda, u jahon miqyosida qanday kengayishni bilishni xohlardi. Bu esa hukumatlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Hukumatlar allaqachon milliardlab dollarlarni qashshoqlikni kamaytirish dasturlariga sarflashadi. Lekin u pullarning ko'pchiligi bekor ketadi. Chunki, bu dasturlar, yo eng kambag'allargacha yetib bormaydi, yo yetib borsa ham, aytarli ta'sir o'takaza olmaydi.
We are working to engage governments to help them to adopt and scale graduation programs themselves, maximizing the impact of the billions of dollars they already allocate to fight ultra-poverty. Our plan is to help another 21 million people lift themselves out of ultra-poverty in eight countries over the next six years with BRAC teams on-site and embedded in each country.
Biz hukumatlarni ham ishga solish yo'lida ishlayapmiz, bu kabi yondashuvlarga moslashishiga va kengayishiga yordam berib. allaqachon o'ta qashshoqlik uchun ajratilib bo'ligan, milliard dollarlarning ta'sirini iloji boricha oshirgan holda. Rejamiz yana 21 million odamga o'ta qashshoqlikdan chiqishiga yordam berishdir keyingi olti yil ichida, 8 mamlakatda har biriga BRAC jamaosini biriktirgan holda.
In July of 2019, my father was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer and given four months to live. As he transitioned out of BRAC after leading the organization for 47 years, he reminded us that throughout his life, he saw optimism triumph over despair, that when you light the spark of self-belief in people, even the poorest can transform their lives.
2019-yil iyulida, otamga so'nggi bosqichli miya saratoni tashxisi qo'yildi va yashashga 4 oyi qolganligi aytildi. U kishi 47 yil davomida BRAC ni boshqarar ekan, butun hayoti mobaynida bizga eslatardi, optimizmning umidsizlik ustidan g'alabasini. Odamlarda o'ziga ishonch uchqunlari yonganda, hatto eng qashshoqlar ham hayotlarini o'zgartira olishadi.
My father passed away in December. He lit that spark for millions of people, and in the final days of his life, he implored us to continue to do so for millions more.
Otam dekabrda olamdan o'tdi. U millionlab odamlarda o'sha uchqunni yoqdi va so'nggi kunlarida, u bizdan millionlab odamlar uchun ishni davom ettirishni o'tinib so'radi.
This opportunity is ours for the taking, so let's stop imagining a world without ultra-poverty and start building that world together.
Bu imkoniyatdan foydalanib qolishimiz kerak. Keling, dunyoni qashshoqlikdan xoli tasavvur qilishni to'xttaylik va o'sha dunyoni birga quraylik.
Thank you.
Rahmat.