How do you start a new city? Turns out it's not easy. You need to survey terrain, get permission from a state, buy land, convince people to move there. And until Elon Musk gets us to Mars, land is a finite resource. And the good spots are probably all taken.
要如何創建一個新城市? 結果發現,並不容易。 你得調查地形, 得到州政府同意, 買土地,說服大家搬過去住。 在馬斯克把我們送上火星之前, 土地都是有限的資源。 且好的地點可能都早就有人了。
But what if we could start smaller, like really small?
但如果我們能從小一點開始呢?
And just post on Twitter. That's what I did, because it allowed me to find people all over the world willing to help me figure it out. My new internet friends and I started a group chat, pooled cryptocurrency, researched locations, and three months later, we bought 40 acres of land near Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.
真的很小? 且貼在推特上。 這就是我的做法,因為 這樣我就能找到全世界 願意協助我想辦法的人。 我和我的網路新朋友 開了一個群組聊天室, 用加密貨幣合資, 研究地點, 三個月後, 我們買了一塊四十英畝的地, 在懷俄明州,接近 黃石國家公園的地方。
Now we had a piece of land, a pool of money, and a lot of decisions to make collectively. That’s why we decided to start a DAO, or a decentralized autonomous organization, called CityDAO. A DAO is an internet native, blockchain-governed, collectively owned organization working towards a shared mission. Most DAOs pool cryptocurrency in a treasury where members vote on how it's used.
現在我們有了一塊地、 一些共同資金, 還有很多決策要一起做。 這就是為什麼我們 決定成立一個 DAO, 也就是分散式自治組織, 命名為「CityDAO」。 DAO 是網路原生的、 用區塊鏈來管理的、 所有權歸大家的組織, 目標是要完成一個共同使命。 大部分的 DAO 會把加密貨幣 共同資金放在一個金庫裡, 由成員投票決定如何運用。
In a traditional company, a CEO works with executives to set the direction, the budgets and hands priorities down the org chart to be implemented. In a DAO, members act as peers, contributing capital, proposing and working on projects and making decisions as a group. Top-down management is replaced by blockchain-based rules encoded in smart contracts. For example, funding a project if a proposal passes.
在傳統的公司裡, 執行長和主管合作, 決定方向、預算, 並把優先處理事項根據 組織圖向下交付實施。 在 DAO 裡, 成員像是同儕, 貢獻資本, 提出計畫,投入計畫, 整個團體一起做決策。 由上而下的管理被換成 以區塊鏈為基礎的規則, 寫在智能合約中。 比如,如果提案通過, 就要提供資金。
If a traditional company succeeds, most of the wealth will accrue to a few founders, some early employees and investors who are generally already higher net-worth. A DAO is a sort of crypto co-op, giving a wider group of people the opportunity to own a piece, participate in management and share in the potential upside.
如果傳統公司成功了, 大部分的財富會分給 少數幾位創辦人、 一些元老級員工, 和投資者,一般來說 他們的淨值本來就比較高了。 DAO 像是種加密的合作社, 讓更廣泛的族群 能夠有機會分一杯羹、 參與管理, 還能分享潛在的上漲空間。
CityDAO grew out of my frustrations dealing with city bureaucracy and red tape while building a start-up that helps cities better utilize their empty parking lots. It took us over three months to get a permit just to sell parking in San Francisco. And it was an archaic bureaucratic nightmare. Things like putting a parking lot to higher and better use, which my urbanist self really wants to do, like, you know, build a food truck park, logistics hub, maybe even new housing, a farmer's market. These things are also really tedious, can take months, years, or even just be illegal due to zoning laws.
CityDAO 會誕生是因為我很挫折, 那時我為了成立新創公司, 得對付城市官僚政治和繁文褥節, 這間公司旨在協助城市 把閒置的停車場運用得更好。 光是取得許可在舊金山 銷售停車位,就花了超過三個月。 那是場很過時的官僚惡夢。 比如,把停車場拿來做 更好更有價值的用途, 我心中最城市的一面 很想這麼做,比如, 建造餐車市集、物流中樞、 也許甚至新住房、農夫市集。 這些事也真的很冗長乏味, 可能要花數個月、數年, 甚至因為土地使用分區而不合法。
CityDAO was among the first DAOs brave enough to buy land. And speaking of bureaucracy, it took us over a month to do so under the current system. We had to find an agent, coordinate tours, make offers, wait for counteroffers, put down a deposit, form an LLC, fill out paperwork. At CityDAO, we imagine an on-chain city where things like permitting, budgets, laws, deeds and records, they're all just transparent on a blockchain, and smart contracts can speed up the transactions and reduce bureaucracy.
CityDAO 是少數敢大膽 當先驅購買土地的 DAO 。 說到繁文褥節, 在目前的體制下,這也花了 我們超過一個月的時間。 我們得找個仲介,協調參訪, 報價,等還價,付訂金, 成立有限責任公司,填寫文書資料。 在 CityDAO,我們 想像的是一個鏈上城市, 許可、預算、法律、 契據、記錄等東西, 都在區塊鏈上,都是透明的, 智能合約能加速交易, 減少繁文褥節。
Let me give you an example. Things that used to take weeks, like buying or selling land or taking a loan out against your property, that could happen in seconds through a smart contract.
讓我舉個例子。 以前要花數週的事情, 比如土地買賣, 或是用你的資產來貸款, 靠智能合約,只要幾秒鐘就能完成。
DAOs are financial flash mobs, often organizing seemingly overnight in pursuit of an idea. They usually start out as a few people who have a big vision but realize it will take a large collective effort to get it done. So they usually start the community in a group chat server, and the most common is called Discord. We use Discord for weekly community calls where people can share ideas and debate proposals. In the server, channels are set up around teams and projects. Instead of a formal boss, each team has an elected facilitator who holds regular meetings. People can contribute to the DAO full-time, part-time, but one of the most common ways is through bounties, where you hop in and out of the DAO, taking on small tasks and contributing where you can.
DAO 是金融上的快閃族, 通常彷彿一夜就組織起來, 來追求一個理想。 最初通常是少數幾個人有個大遠景, 卻發現需要花非常大的 集體心力才能辦到。 他們通常會在群組聊天室 伺服器上建立社群, 最常用的是 Discord。 我們用 Discord 來做 每週的社群視訊通話, 大家可以分享點子, 並對提議進行辯論。 這個伺服器上,會根據 團隊及計畫來設立頻道。 沒有正式的老闆, 每個團隊會選出一個主持人, 負責舉辦定期會議。 參與 DAO 盡一份力的 方式,有全職及兼職, 但最常見的是透過賞金, 你可以跳進 DAO 去接小任務, 盡可能貢獻,做完就離開。
Most DAOs raised some initial funding by selling a governance token that gives holders voting rights over DAO activities. You can either buy these tokens on the open market using a cryptocurrency like Ethereum, or you can earn them by contributing to the DAO. For example, things like designing a logo, researching or writing some code. At CityDAO, we raised over six million dollars from 5,000 people through our governance token called “Citizenship”. Citizens get to vote in things like where our next piece of land will be located.
大部分的 DAO 在初始募資時 都是靠販賣治理型代幣, 代幣持有者對於 DAO 的活動具有投票權。 你可以在開放市場上購買這類代幣, 用以太幣等加密貨幣就可以買, 或者你可以對 DAO 做出貢獻來賺取代幣。 比如:設計商標、 做研究,或寫一些程式。 CityDAO 募得了超過六百萬美金, 是用我們的治理型代幣 「市民身分」向五千人募得。 市民可以投票決定 下一塊地要買哪裡之類。
DAOs have been called group chats with a bank account. And I know what you're thinking. "Scott, sharing a bank account with my significant other is already hard enough. Now you're telling me I have to share one with 5,000 people on the internet?"
有人稱 DAO 是 「有銀行帳戶的群組聊天室」。 我知道你在想什麼。 「史考特,和我的伴侶共享 銀行帳戶已經夠難了。 現在你還要我和五千人 在線上共享一個帳戶?」
Well, it's not that bad. Blockchain helps fix this. So funds live in a public blockchain treasury where anyone can audit income and spending. And any time spending or money transfers are involved, the DAO approves it through a proposal. Typically written by a DAO member, a proposal starts as an idea that gets debated and is put to a vote of the token holders.
嗯,沒那麼糟。 區塊鏈能協助處理。 所以, 資金會放在公共的區塊鏈金庫裡, 人人都能稽核收入和花費。 每次要花錢或者轉帳時, DAO 會透過提議來核准。 通常由 DAO 成員 將最初的想法撰寫成提案, 大家辯論後, 交由持有代幣的人來投票表決。
For example, one of the first proposals at CityDAO was, of course, which piece of land to buy. The DAO debated must-haves, nice-to-haves, and DAO contributors combed through Wyoming land listings and narrowed it down to the top three, outlining the pros and cons of each and presenting the final proposal to the DAO for a vote. We voted to acquire Parcel 0 near Cody, Wyoming. Chosen for being close to an airport, having an on-site well for water access, and of course, the most important criterion of all, being near Kanye West.
比如, 當然,CityDAO 最初的提議之一就是 要買哪一塊地。 CityDAO 辯論了 需要什麼、能有什麼會很好, DAO 貢獻者則徹底搜查了 懷俄明的賣地清單, 把清單縮減到前三名, 整理出每塊地的優缺點, 把最終提議提交給 DAO 投票。 我們投票選出第零號地, 接近懷俄明的科迪。 選上它是因為臨近機場、 就地就有水井可以取水, 當然,還有, 所有條件中最重要的, 可以很接近肯伊‧威斯特。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
OK, OK, that wasn't really in the criteria, but it just so happens our piece of land in Wyoming is not far from Kanye's own Cody ranch.
好啦,那其實不是條件之一, 只是剛好 我們在懷俄明的一塊地 離肯伊‧威斯特的科迪牧場不遠。
The next steps at CityDAO are things like voting on what gets built on the land and who gets to use it when. Some other proposals floating around are things like buying a piece of land in the Amazon for conservation or building out a network of DAO-owned spaces where citizens can visit at any time, a decentralized city, perhaps. Today we're seeing DAOs do all kinds of really interesting things together. They're building products, they're investing in start-ups, they're buying art and assets, they're funding research and raising money.
CityDAO 的下一步 包括投票決定土地上要建造什麼、 誰可以用、何時可以用。 其他蠻熱門的提議還有 比如在亞馬遜買一塊地, 做保育, 或者為 DAO 擁有的 空間建造一個網路, 市民任何時候都可以造訪, 也許是個分散式的城市。 現今,我們可以看到 DAO 一起做各種有趣的事。 它們會創造產品、投資 新創公司、購買藝術和資產、 資助研究,和募款。
Let's take a look at some examples. ConstitutionDAO raised over 47 million dollars in seven days in attempt to buy an original US Constitution copy. It usually takes longer than seven days just to set up a company and open a bank account. Krause House is buying an NBA team and LinksDAO a golf course. DAO members will likely get to participate in key things, like who's coaching the team or where the golf course gets built. PleasrDAO collects art and digital assets like NFTs. They recently purchased the only copy in existence of an unreleased Wu-Tang Clan album, and DAO members are now the only people in the world who can legally listen to it. VectorDAO is a collective of designers shaking up the agency model where DAO members get ownership in each project they work on. In DAOs like MetaCartel and Seed Club, members review submissions from promising start-ups and projects and decide on which ones to fund. VitaDAO is funding research, and more recently, UkraineDAO raised over six million dollars to donate towards the Ukrainian defense effort.
咱們來看一些例子。 ConstitutionDAO 募得了 超過四千七百萬美金, 只花了七天, 試圖購買原版的美國憲法。 通常都要花至少七天 才能設立一間公司 並開一個銀行帳戶。 Krause House 要買 一支 NBA 球隊, LinksDAO 要買一個高爾夫球場。 DAO 成員很可能會 參與重大決策,比如, 誰來當球隊教頭, 或高爾夫球場要建在哪裡。 PleasrDAO 則在收集 藝術和數位資產,如 NFT。 他們最近買到了世界上唯一一張 未出版的武當幫專輯, 現在全世界只有這個 DAO 的成員 可以合法聽這張專輯。 VectorDAO 是由設計師組成, 改變了設計工作室的模型, DAO 成員可以擁有 他們接手進行的專案計畫。 像 MetaCartel 及 Seed Club 這些 DAO 成員要審核很有前景的新創公司 提交的資料及專案計畫, 決定要資助哪些。 VitaDAO 資助研究, 更近期則有 UkraineDAO 募得了超過六百萬美金, 捐贈做烏克蘭國防用途。
It’s still early for DAOs, and they certainly aren't for everything. They require a level of consensus building and might move slower than a company who has a boss who can just call the shots. After all, ConstitutionDAO was outbid at Sotheby's auction house by the CEO of Citadel. And some say the transparency and decentralization made it hard for the DAO to coordinate and win the auction. And while traditional corporate structures are battle-tested, DAOs are a new type of entity that can find themselves in uncharted regulatory waters. To help solve some of these issues, states like Wyoming are putting laws on the books that recognize DAOs. And we actually used one of these laws to buy our first piece of land at CityDAO, that's why it's in Wyoming.
現在還是 DAO 的初期, 且它們並非無所不能。 它們需要某種程度的共識建立, 且在動作上可能會比 由老闆決定一切的公司更慢些。 畢竟,在蘇富比拍賣上, ConstitutionDAO 的出價 被城堡公司的執行長超過。 有些人說,透明度和分散式架構 讓該 DAO 很難協調好 在那次拍賣上獲勝。 傳統的公司架構是經過實戰考驗的, 而 DAO 則是新型的實體, 在管理上,有可能會 落入到未知的海域。 為了協助解決這類議題, 懷俄明等州都有新增 承認 DAO 的法規。 而我們就利用了其中一條法規 來購買 CityDAO 的第一塊地, 那就是為什麼它位在懷俄明。
Once we work out the kinks, DAOs have the potential to increase economic opportunity and allow more people to share in the upsides of ownership. Things like real estate, sports teams, fine art. These are things that would typically be owned by a single, high net-worth individual that today DAOs are buying and democratizing.
我們把這些結都解開之後, DAO 就有潛力 增加經濟機會, 讓更多人以有利的方式分享所有權, 比如房地產、運動隊伍、藝術這些東西 通常是由單一個淨值很高的人擁有, 現今 DAO 在購買這些東西, 並將它們大眾化。
Imagine if the next social network or ride-hailing app were a DAO. And each time you posted valuable content or put in late-nights driving, you got little pieces of ownership in that platform. And since ownership means voting rights in DAOs, you can use your new voting power to propose changes to the platform if you think that there's a fairer or better way to do things.
想像如果下一個社群網路 或隨叫隨停的 APP 是 DAO。 每當你張貼出有價值的內容 或提供夜間駕駛服務, 你就能分到那平台的 一小部分所有權。 在 DAO 裡,所有權意味投票權, 所以你就能用你的新投票權力 提議改善該平台, 提出你覺得更公平或更好的做法。
Agriculture enabled us to live in cities. The internet let us share information globally. And today, DAOs let us work together, trust each other and coordinate in a fairer way on larger-scale problems than ever before. And maybe a DAO can even build the next great city.
農業讓我們能夠居住在城市中。 網際網路讓我們能與全球分享資訊。 現今, DAO 讓我們能協同合作, 信任彼此, 並用比較公平的方式協調, 處理比以前規模更大的問題。 也許 DAO 也能建造出 下一個偉大的城市。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)