When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero. I wanted to save the world and make everyone happy. But I knew that I'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true. So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton, which was a lot of fun, but didn't yield much result. When I grew up and realized that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers, I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science, to find a more useful truth.
細個嗰陣,我時時都想做超級英雄 拯救全世界,等個個都快樂 但我亦知道要有超能力 至可以夢想成真 所以我開始咗幻想旅程 尋找從氪子行星而來嘅跨銀河物體 雖然好好玩 但無乜效用 大個之後,我明白 科幻小說唔係超能力嘅來源 所以我轉為開展真正科學之旅 探求更有用的事實
I started my journey in California, with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook, and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life. By measuring the students' smiles, researchers were able to predict how fulfilling and long-lasting a subject's marriage would be,
我嘅科學之旅響加州嘅柏克萊大學開始 響嗰度我參予一個長30年嘅研究 嘗試響舊畢業年冊 入面嘅學生照片度 量度佢哋一生人 成就同快樂程度 只要量度學生嘅笑容 研究員就可以預測到 被研究嘅人嘅婚姻
(Laughter)
有幾美滿同長久
how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being, and how inspiring she would be to others. In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture. When I first saw his picture, I thought that his superpowers came from his super collar.
響統一嘅快樂測驗入面 研究對象會得到幾多分 又有幾啟發人 有次響紀念冊見到奧巴馬嘅相 第一眼見到佢張相 我以為佢嘅超能力來自佢個超級衫領
(Laughter)
但我依家知道佢嘅超能力響笑容入面
But now I know it was all in his smile.
Another aha! moment came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players. The researchers found that the span of a player's smile could actually predict the span of his life. Players who didn't smile in their pictures lived an average of only 72.9 years, where players with beaming smiles lived an average of almost 80 years.
另一個新發現係 來自2010年響偉恩州立大學嘅研究計劃 研究1950年代前 大聯盟球員協會嘅棒球員卡 研究員發現 球員笑容嘅大細 其實預示咗佢嘅壽命 嗰啲響張相度無笑容嘅球員 平均只有72.9年命 而露笑容嘅 平均有成差唔多80歲命
(Laughter)
(笑)
The good news is that we're actually born smiling. Using 3D ultrasound technology, we can now see that developing babies appear to smile, even in the womb. When they're born, babies continue to smile -- initially, mostly in their sleep. And even blind babies smile to the sound of the human voice. Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically uniform expressions of all humans.
好消息係我哋天生會笑 用三維超聲波技術 就可以見到響子宮入面 成長緊嘅胎兒面露微笑 佢哋出咗世 多數會瞓覺時 繼續識得笑 就算係失明嘅細路 都識得跟住人嘅聲線去笑 笑係全人類最基本 生理學上大家共有嘅表情
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea, Paul Ekman, the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions, found that even members of the Fore tribe, who were completely disconnected from Western culture, and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,
世界知名嘅面部表情研究學者 保羅艾克曼 在巴布亞新幾內亞嘅研究入面 發現好似高山族族人咁 同西方文化完全無接觸 而且有食人習俗嘅部族
(Laughter)
聽到一啲令人發笑嘅情景
attributed smiles to descriptions of situations the same way you and I would. So from Papua New Guinea to Hollywood all the way to modern art in Beijing, we smile often, and use smiles to express joy and satisfaction.
亦會顯露笑容 所以無論係響巴布亞新幾內亞 荷李活 甚至響北京嘅現代藝術入面 我哋都會笑 而我哋會因為表達 喜悅、滿足而笑
How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day? Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow. Outside of this room, more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day, whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five. In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children, who smile as many as 400 times per day.
響呢度有幾多人會 一日笑超過20次? 會嘅就舉手,嘩 響會場外 有超過三分一人口每日笑多過20次 而少過百分之十四嘅人 每日笑少過5次 事實上,擁有強大超級大量嘅 係小朋友 佢哋每日可以笑成400次咁多
Have you ever wondered why being around children, who smile so frequently, makes you smile very often? A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden found that it's very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles. You ask why? Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious, and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles. Mimicking a smile and experiencing it physically helps us understand whether our smile is fake or real, so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler.
有無諗過點解同呢啲 時時笑嘅小朋友一齊 會令你笑得多啲? 瑞典烏普薩柆大學最近有項研究 發現見到人笑時 好難皺眉頭 點解? 因為笑容響演化過程上有傳染性 而且會抑制 我哋平時對面部肌肉嘅控制能力 而透過模仿 親身體驗笑容 幫助我哋了解個笑容係真心還是偽裝 從而明白笑嘅人 嘅情緒狀熊
In a recent mimicking study at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake while holding a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles. Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges, but with the pencil in their mouth -- when they could not mimic the smile they saw -- their judgment was impaired.
響法國嘅克萊蒙費朗大學 最近有個模仿研究 會要求參加者分辨 個笑容係真定假 同時佢哋要用個口擔住支鉛筆 去壓抑笑容肌 當無咗支鉛筆,參加者都判別得到真假笑容 但有支鉛筆響個口度嗰陣 佢哋唔能夠模仿見到嘅笑容 而佢哋嘅判斷就有誤差
(Laughter)
(笑)
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species," Charles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory. His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better, rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good. In his study, Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne, who sent electric jolts to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles. Please, don't try this at home.
達爾文除咗響《物種起源》呢本書入面 為演化立論 佢亦提及面部回饋反應理論 佢嘅理論係話 笑容呢個動作本身 實際上會令我哋覺得更開心 而唔係 純粹感覺良好嘅結果 佢研究入面 亦確實有提到法國神經學家杜鄉 杜鄉利用電擊 刺激面部,得到笑容 唔該,千祈唔好響屋企模仿
(Laughter)
(笑)
In a related German study, researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles. The finding supported Darwin's theory, by showing that facial feedback modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain, in a way that helps us feel better when we smile. Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism in a way that even chocolate -- a well-regarded pleasure inducer -- cannot match.
一個響德國做嘅相關研究 研究員響注射肉毒捍菌 壓制笑容肌肉前後 用磁力共振造影 量度腦部活動 研究結困支持達爾文嘅理論 結果顯示面部回饋 改變腦部內神經 處理情緒嘅內容 所以我哋笑嗰陣會令我哋感到愉快 笑容刺激我哋腦入面嘅獎賞系統 就算人所共知 可以引起歡愉心情嘅誘導劑 朱古力都望塵莫及
British researchers found that one smile can generate the same level of brain stimulation as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.
英國研究員發現 一個微笑對腦部產生嘅刺激 有2000排朱古力咁強烈
(Laughter)
(笑)
Wait -- The same study found that smiling is as stimulating as receiving up to 16,000 pounds sterling in cash.
仲有,同一個研究亦都發現 微笑可以引起 好似收到16000英鎊咁多嘅現金嘅刺激
(Laughter)
咁即係一個微笑值成25000蚊美金
That's like 25 grand a smile. It's not bad. And think about it this way: 25,000 times 400 -- quite a few kids out there feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.
都唔錯喎 試諗下 25000乘以400 都唔少小朋友
(Laughter)
日日都好似馬克.札克伯格咁有錢
And unlike lots of chocolate, lots of smiling can actually make you healthier. Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine, increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphins, and reduce overall blood pressure.
而且相比食大量嘅朱古力 笑得多仲可以令你更健康 笑有助於減低 加重壓力嘅荷爾蒙水平 例如皮質醇、腎上腺素同多巴胺 令好心情嘅荷爾蒙水平提高 好似腦內啡咁 亦會令整體血壓下降
And if that's not enough, smiling can actually make you look good in the eyes of others. A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile, you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous, but you actually appear to be more competent.
唔止咁 笑容令其他人覺得 你親切可人 響賓尼州立大學嘅研究發現 當你笑嗰陣 你睇上嚟唔單止可親有禮 仲會令你睇嚟好能幹添
So whenever you want to look great and competent, reduce your stress or improve your marriage, or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate without incurring the caloric cost, or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages, or whenever you want to tap into a superpower that will help you and everyone around you live a longer, healthier, happier life, smile.
所以無論你想睇上嚟靚啲、能幹啲 減低壓力 改善婚姻關係 或者想覺得好似啱啱食咗大排朱古力 又無付出卡路里嘅代價 又或者想好似響舊外套入面 搵到25000蚊美金響袋 甚至想得到超能力 令你同身邊嘅人 生活得長命啲、健康啲、開心啲 笑啦
(Applause)
(掌聲)