This is a river. This is a stream. This is a river. This is happening all over the country. There are tens of thousands of miles of dewatered streams in the United States. On this map, the colored areas represent water conflicts. Similar problems are emerging in the East as well. The reasons vary state to state, but mostly in the details. There are 4,000 miles of dewatered streams in Montana alone. They would ordinarily support fish and other wildlife. They're the veins of the ecosystem, and they're often empty veins.
Ovo je rijeka. Ovo je potok. Ovo je rijeka. Ovo se događa širom zemlje. Postoje desetine tisuća milja isušenih potoka u Sjedinjenim Državama. Na ovoj karti, obojana područja predstavljaju sukobe oko vode. Slični problemi se pojavljuju također na istoku. Razlozi variraju od države do države, ali uglavnom zbog detalja. Postoji gotovo 6.500 km isušenih potoka samo u Montani. Normalno bi podržavali ribe i druge oblike divljeg života. Oni su vene ekosustava, i često su prazne vene.
I want to tell you the story of just one of these streams, because it's an archetype for the larger story. This is Prickly Pear Creek. It runs through a populated area from East Helena to Lake Helena. It supports wild fish including cutthroat, brown and rainbow trout. Nearly every year for more than a hundred years ... it looked like this in the summer. How did we get here? Well, it started back in the late 1800s when people started settling in places like Montana. In short, there was a lot of water and there weren't very many people. But as more people showed up wanting water, the folks who were there first got a little concerned, and in 1865, Montana passed its first water law. It basically said, everybody near the stream can share in the stream. Oddly, a lot of people showed up wanting to share the stream, and the folks who were there first got concerned enough to bring out their lawyers. There were precedent-setting suits in 1870 and 1872, both involving Prickly Pear Creek. And in 1921, the Montana Supreme Court ruled in a case involving Prickly Pear that the folks who were there first had the first, or "senior water rights." These senior water rights are key.
Želim vam ispričati priču o samo jednom od tih potoka jer predstavlja arhetip šire priče. To je Prickly Pear potok. Prolazi kroz naseljeno područje od istočne Helene do jezera Helena. Podržava divlje ribe uključujući pastrve glavosjek, smeđu i duginu. Gotovo svake godine više od stotinu godina, ovako je izgledalo tijekom ljeta. Kako smo došli tamo? Sve je počelo kasnih 1800ih kada su ljudi počeli naseljavati mjesta poput Montane. Ukratko, bilo je puno vode, a tamo nije bilo puno ljudi. Ali kako se sve više ljudi pojavljivalo tražeći vodu, ljudi koji su tamo došli prvi su se malo zabrinuli, i 1865., u Montani je donešen prvi zakon o vodi. U biti je govorio, kako svatko blizu potoka može potok dijeliti. Čudno, ali puno se ljudi pojavilo želeći dijeliti potok, i ljudi koji su se tamo pojavili prvi su se dovoljno zabrinuli da su uzeli odvjetnike. Bilo je to vrijeme presedanskih parnica 1870. i 1872. koje je uključivalo Prickly Pear potok. A 1921., vrhovni sud Montane donio je presudu koja je uključivala Prickly Pear da ljudi koji su tamo došli prvi imaju prioritetna, pretpostavljena, vodena prava. Ta priroritetna prava su ključ.
The problem is that all over the West now it looks like this. Some of these creeks have claims for 50 to 100 times more water than is actually in the stream. And the senior water rights holders, if they don't use their water right, they risk losing their water right -- along with the economic value that goes with it. So they have no incentive to conserve. So it's not just about the number of people; the system itself creates a disincentive to conserve because you can lose your water right if you don't use it. So after decades of lawsuits and 140 years, now, of experience, we still have this. It's a broken system. There's a disincentive to conserve, because if you don't use your water right, you can lose your water right. And I'm sure you all know, this has created significant conflicts between the agricultural and environmental communities.
Problem je što sada cijeli Zapad izgleda tako. Neki od tih potoka imaju zahtjeva za 50 do 100 puta više vode nego što je ima u potoku. I oni koji imaju prioritetna prava, ako oni ne iskoriste svoja vodena prava, riskiraju da ih izgube, zajedno s ekonomskom vrijednosti koja ide s njima. Tako da oni nemaju poticaj za očuvanjem. Dakle radi se samo o broju ljudi; sustav sam po sebi stvara osjetljivost na očuvanje jer možeš izgubiti svoja vodena prava ako ih ne koristiš. Nakon desetljeća parnica i 140 godina iskustva, još uvijek imamo to. To je slomljeni sustav. Postoji osjetljivost na očuvanje, jer, ako ne koristiš svoja vodena prava, možeš ih izgubiti. I siguran sam kako svi znate, to je kreiralo značajne sukobe između poljoprivrednih i ekoloških zajednica.
OK, now I'm going to change gears here. Most of you will be happy to know that the rest of the presentation's free ...
Dobro. Sada ću promijeniti brzine. Većina vas će biti sretna znati
(Laughter)
kako je ostatak prezentacije slobodan.
and some of you'll be happy to know that it involves beer.
I neki od vas će biti sretni znati kako uključuje pivo.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
There's another thing happening around the country, which is that companies are starting to get concerned about their water footprint. They're concerned about securing an adequate supply of water, they're trying to be really efficient with their water use, and they're concerned about how their water use affects the image of their brand. Well, it's a national problem, but I'm going to tell you another story from Montana ... and it involves beer. I bet you didn't know, it takes about 5 pints of water to make a pint of beer. If you include all the drain, it takes more than a hundred pints of water to make a pint of beer.
Još jedna stvar se događa širom zemlje, a to je da su se kompanije počele brinuti o svojem vodenom otisku. One su zabrinute oko osiguranja adekvatnih zaliha vode, one pokušavaju biti stvarno efikasne prilikom korištenja vode, i zabrinute su kako njihovo korištenje vode utječe na imidž njihove tržišne marke. To je nacionalni problem, ali ja ću vam ispričati još jednu priču iz Montane, i ona uključuje pivo. Kladim se da niste znali, kako je potrebno oko tri litre vode kako biste napravili pola litre piva. Ako uključite svu drenažu potrebno je više od 55 litara vode za pola litre piva.
Now the brewers in Montana have already done a lot to reduce their water consumption, but they still use millions of gallons of water. I mean, there's water in beer. So what can they do about this remaining water footprint that can have serious effects on the ecosystem? These ecosystems are really important to the Montana brewers and their customers. After all, there's a strong correlation between water and fishing, and for some, there's a strong correlation between fishing and beer.
Pivari u Montani su već napravili puno kako bi smanjili potrošnju vode, ali još uvijek koriste milijune litara vode. Mislim, u pivu ima vode. Dakle što oni mogu učiniti s tim ostatkom vodenog otiska koji može imati ozbiljne posljedice za ekosustav? Ti ekosustavi su stvarno jako važni za pivare iz Montane i njihove kupce. Napokon, postoji snažna korelacija između vode i ribolova. I za neke, postoji snažna korelacija između pecanja i pive.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
So the Montana brewers and their customers are concerned and they're looking for some way to address the problem.
Tako su pivari iz Montane i njihovi kupci zabrinuti, i gledaju na načine kako riješiti problem.
So how can they address this remaining water footprint? Remember Prickly Pear. Up until now, business water stewardship has been limited to measuring and reducing, and we're suggesting that the next step is to restore. Remember Prickly Pear. It's a broken system. You've got a disincentive to conserve, because if you don't use your water right, you risk losing your water right. Well, we decided to connect these two worlds -- the world of the companies with their water footprints and the world of the farmers with their senior water rights on these creeks. In some states, senior water rights holders can leave their water in the stream while legally protecting it from others, and maintaining their water right. After all, it is their water right, and if they want to use that water right to help the fish grow in the stream, it's their right to do so. But they have no incentive to do so.
Dakle kako mogu riješiti taj ostatak vodenog otiska? Sjećate se Prickly Peara. Do sada, poslovno upravljanje vode ograničeno je na mjerenje i smanjivanje, i mi predlažemo da je slijedeći korak obnoviti. Sjećate se Prickly Peara. Njegov slomljeni sustav. Imate destimulaciju za očuvanje, jer ako ne koristite vodena prava, riskirate da ih izgubite. Mi smo odlučili spojiti ta dva svijeta -- poslovni svijet s njihovim vodenim otiscima i svijet poljoprivrednika s njihovim pravima prvenstva na te potoke. U nekim državama, držatelji prava prvenstva na vodu mogu ostaviti svoju vodu u potoku pravno je braneći od drugih i zadržavajući pravo na vodu. Napokon, to je njihovo pravo na vodu, i ako žele koristiti to pravo kako bi pomogli rast ribe u potoku, njihovo je pravo da to učine. Ali nemaju nikakav poticaj za to.
So, working with local water trusts, we created an incentive to do so. We pay them to leave their water in stream. That's what's happening here. This individual has made the choice and is closing this water diversion, leaving the water in the stream. He doesn't lose the water right, he just chooses to apply that right, or some portion of it, to the stream, instead of to the land. Because he's the senior water-rights holder, he can protect the water from other users in the stream. OK? He gets paid to leave the water in the stream.
Radeći s lokalnim vodenim trustovima, stvorili smo poticaje za to. Plaćamo im da ostave svoju vodu u potoku. To se događa ovdje. Ovaj pojedinac je napravio odluku i zatvara tu vodenu podjelu, ostavljajući vodu u potoku. On ne gubi pravo na vodu, samo izabire kako će primjeniti to pravo, ili neki njegov dio, na potok, umjesto na zemlju. Jer je on prioritetni imatelj prava na vodu, on može očuvati vodu od drugih korisnika u potoku. Dobro? Njemu se plaća da ostavi vodu u potoku.
This guy's measuring the water that this leaves in the stream. We then take the measured water, we divide it into thousand-gallon increments. Each increment gets a serial number and a certificate, and then the brewers and others buy those certificates as a way to return water to these degraded ecosystems. The brewers pay to restore water to the stream. It provides a simple, inexpensive and measurable way to return water to these degraded ecosystems, while giving farmers an economic choice and giving businesses concerned about their water footprints an easy way to deal with them.
Ovaj momak mjeri vodu koju on ostavi u potoku. Onda uzmemo izmjerenu vodu, podijelimo je na tisućite dijelove litre. Svaki od dijelova dobije serijski broj i certifikat, i onda pivari i drugi kupuju te certifikate na način da vrate vodu u te degradirane ekosustave. Pivari plaćaju kako bi se voda vratila u potok. To osigurava jednostavan, jeftin i mjerljiv način za vraćanje vode u te degradirane ekosustave, dajući poljoprivrednicima ekonomski izbor i dajući poduzećima koju su zabrinuta za svoj vodeni otisak lagan način da se s time bore.
After 140 years of conflict and 100 years of dry streams, a circumstance that litigation and regulation has not solved, we put together a market-based, willing buyer, willing seller solution -- a solution that does not require litigation. It's about giving folks concerned about their water footprints a real opportunity to put water where it's critically needed, into these degraded ecosystems, while at the same time providing farmers a meaningful economic choice about how their water is used.
Nakon 140 godina sukoba i 100 godina suhih potoka, okolnosti koje parnice i regulacija nisu mogli riješiti, stvorili smo tržišno utemeljeno, rješenje spremno za kupca, spremno za prodavatelja -- rješenje koje ne zahtjeva parničenje. Radi se o davanju ljudi koji su zabrinuti za svoj vodeni otisak stvarnoj prilici da stave vodu tamo gdje je kritično potrebna, u te degradirane ekosustave, dok u isto vrijeme osigurava poljoprivrednicima smisleni ekonomski izbor o tome kako se njihova voda koristi.
These transactions create allies, not enemies. They connect people rather than dividing them. And they provide needed economic support for rural communities. And most importantly, it's working. We've returned more than four billion gallons of water to degraded ecosystems. We've connected senior water-rights holders with brewers in Montana, with hotels and tea companies in Oregon, and with high-tech companies that use a lot of water in the Southwest. And when we make these connections, we can and we do turn this ... into this.
Te transakcije stvaraju saveznike, ne neprijatelje. One povezuju ljude umjesto da ih razdvajaju. I osiguravaju potrebnu ekonomsku podršku ruralnim zajednicama. I ono najvažnije, stvarno rade. Vratili smo više od 18 milijardi litara vode u degradirane ekosustave. Povezali smo vlasnike prioritetnih vodenih prava s pivarima u Montani, s hotelima i kompanijama koje proizvode čaj u Oregonu i s visokotehnološkim kompanijama koje koriste puno vode na jugozapadu. I kada radimo ta povezivanja, možemo i pretvaramo ovo u ovo.
(Applause)
Hvala vam puno.
Thank you very much.
(Pljesak)
(Applause)