Imagine a place where your neighbors greet your children by name; a place with splendid vistas; a place where you can drive just 20 minutes and put your sailboat on the water. It's a seductive place, isn't it?
试想一下,有一个地方,邻居们可以叫得出你家小孩的名字 景色优美 在这个地方,你只需要开车20分钟 就可以水中泛舟 这是一个世外桃源,不是吗
I don't live there. (Laughter) But I did journey on a 27,000-mile trip for two years, to the fastest-growing and whitest counties in America.
我并不住这儿 (笑声) 两年来,我途径两万七千公里 到达美国发展最快并且白种人居民比例最高的地方
What is a Whitopia? I define Whitopia in three ways: First, a Whitopia has posted at least six percent population growth since 2000. Secondly, the majority of that growth comes from white migrants. And third, the Whitopia has an ineffable charm, a pleasant look and feel, a je Ne sais quoi. (Laughter)
白色乌托邦是什么? 我用以下三个概念来定义它 第一,白色乌托邦在2000年以来人口增长至少为6% 第二,人口增长主要来源于白种人移居 第三,白色乌托邦非常有魅力 让人愉悦的外观和感受 一种难以言明的美好特质 (笑声)
To learn how and why Whitopias are ticking, I immersed myself for several months apiece in three of them: first, St. George, Utah; second, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho; and third, Forsyth County, Georgia.
为了探究白色乌托邦的起源,并且它为何能发展起来 我分别花了好几个月深入当地,去了白色乌托邦的三个代表城市 第一个,犹他州的圣乔治 第二个,爱达荷的科达伦 第三个,乔治亚州的佛塞斯郡
First stop, St. George -- a beautiful town of red rock landscapes. In the 1850s, Brigham Young dispatched families to St. George to grow cotton because of the hot, arid climate. And so they called it Utah's Dixie, and the name sticks to this day. I approached my time in each Whitopia like an anthropologist. I made detailed spreadsheets of all the power brokers in the communities, who I needed to meet, where I needed to be, and I threw myself with gusto in these communities. I went to zoning board meetings, I went to Democratic clubs and Republican clubs. I went to poker nights. In St. George, I rented a home at the Entrada, one of the town's premier gated communities. There were no Motel 6's or Howard Johnsons for me. I lived in Whitopia as a resident, and not like a visitor.
第一个目的地,圣乔治,一个拥有红岩景观的美丽小镇 十八世纪五十年代,由于圣乔治炎热干旱的气候, (摩门教)杨百翰带领教会数家迁往圣乔治种植棉花 因此他们称这里为犹他之南,这个名字沿用至今 在白色乌托邦, 我像人类学家一样安排我的日程 我列出乌托邦里有权势的人们的详细名单 我应该拜访谁,需要在哪里约见他们 我兴致勃勃想融入这些社区 我去了各区域的委员会议 我也去了民主党和共产党的党会 我还去和他们一起打牌 我在圣乔治的Entrada租了一栋房子 这里是小镇最高档的带门禁的小区之一 在那里,找不到汽车旅馆或是连锁饭店 我要在白色乌托邦像当地人一样生活,而不是一个游客。
I rented myself this home by phone. (Laughter) (Applause)
我是用电话预定到房子的。 (笑声) (鼓掌)
Golf is the perfect seductive symbol of Whitopia. When I went on my journey, I had barely ever held a golf club. By the time I left, I was golfing at least three times a week. (Laughter)
最能代表白色乌托邦的诱惑标志是高尔夫 在我开始旅行前 我从来没有去过高尔夫俱乐部 当我离开那里的时候,我每周至少打三次高尔夫 (笑声)
Golf helps people bond. Some of the best interviews I ever scored during my trip were on the golf courses. One venture capitalist, for example, invited me to golf in his private club that had no minority members.
高尔夫是连接大家情感的桥梁 我甚至在高尔夫球场完成了不少精彩的采访 有一次,一个风险投资家,邀请我去他的私人俱乐部打球 该俱乐部不对少数族裔开放
I also went fishing. (Laughter) Because I had never fished, this fellow had to teach me how to cast my line and what bait to use.
我也去了钓鱼 (笑声) 因为我从来没有钓过鱼 有个老兄得教我如何抛线,如何使用鱼饵
I also played poker every weekend. It was Texas Hold 'em with a $10 buy-in. My poker mates may have been bluffing about the hands that they drew, but they weren't bluffing about their social beliefs. Some of the most raw, salty conversations I ever had during my journey were at the poker table.
我每周末和大家一起玩扑克 那是一种十块起底的德州扑克 我的牌友在玩扑克的时候偶尔会虚张声势说自己的牌好 但是他们在社会信仰方面十分认真 在旅途中,一些最坦诚别有滋味的谈话 就是发生在扑克桌上
I'm a gung ho entertainer. I love to cook, I hosted many dinner parties, and in return, people invited me to their dinner parties, and to their barbecues, and to their pool parties, and to their birthday parties.
我是一个天生娱乐家 我喜欢做饭,也举办了很多晚餐聚会。 作为往来,人们也邀请我去他们的晚餐聚会 烧烤聚会,泳池派对 生日派对
But it wasn't all fun. Immigration turned out to be a big issue in this Whitopia. The St. George's Citizens Council on Illegal Immigration held regular and active protests against immigration, and so what I gleaned from this Whitopia is what a hot debate this would become. It was a real-time preview, and so it has become.
但是,这段旅程并不是完全有趣的 在这个白色乌托邦,移民是一个很大的问题 圣乔治反对非法移民居民委员会经常组织 关于非法移民的抗议 这就是我在当地所得知的 这是一个非常激烈的议题
Next stop: Almost Heaven, a cabin I rented for myself in Coeur d'Alene, in the beautiful North Idaho panhandle. I rented this place for myself, also by phone. (Laughter)
下一个目的地,是一个天堂般的地方。 我在北爱达荷的科达伦租了一个小木屋 我是自己租的这个地方,当然,还是用电话预定的。 (笑声)
The book "A Thousand Places To See Before You Die" lists Coeur d'Alene -- it's a gorgeous paradise for huntsmen, boatmen and fishermen.
那本叫做《死前必去的一千个地方》的书把科达伦也列在其中 这里是猎人,船夫和捕鱼者的天堂
My growing golf skills came in handy in Coeur d'Alene. I golfed with retired LAPD cops. In 1993, around 11,000 families and cops fled Los Angeles after the L.A. racial unrest, for North Idaho, and they've built an expatriated community. Given the conservatism of these cops, there's no surprise that North Idaho has a strong gun culture. In fact, it is said, North Idaho has more gun dealers than gas stations. So what's a resident to do to fit in? I hit the gun club. When I rented a gun, the gentleman behind the counter was perfectly pleasant and kind, until I showed him my New York City driver's license. That's when he got nervous. I'm not as bad a shot as I thought I might have been.
我越来越好的高尔夫球技在科达伦让我得心应手 我和退休的洛杉矶警察局的警察一起打球 在一九九三年,一万一千多个家庭和警察经历了“洛杉矶种族骚乱”之后 逃离了洛杉矶,迁往北爱荷华 他们建造了一个世外桃源一般的社区 介于这些警察的保守主义 不出大家所料,北爱荷华有浓厚的枪支文化 据说现实中,北爱达荷枪支经销商比加油站还要多 那么, 应该怎么做去融入当地人生活呢 我去了枪支俱乐部 当我租枪的时候 柜台后面的那位男士非常和善 在我给他看了我纽约州的驾照后 他略显迟疑 我以为我不善枪法,其实不然
What I learned from North Idaho is the peculiar brand of paranoia that can permeate a community when so many cops and guns are around.
我在北爱达荷学到的还有一种特有的的偏执 在警察与枪支遍地的爱达荷,这种偏执扎根于此
In North Idaho, in my red pickup truck, I kept a notepad. And in that notepad I counted more Confederate flags than black people. In North Idaho, I found Confederate flags on key chains, on cellphone paraphernalia, and on cars.
在北爱达荷,我在我的红色皮卡车里 放了一个记事本 在记事本中,我数到的联邦旗个数比遇到的黑人还要多 在北爱达荷 我在钥匙链,手机用品,还有车上 都能看到联邦旗
About a seven-minute drive from my hidden lake cabin was the compound of Aryan Nations, the white supremacist group. America's Promise Ministries, the religious arm of Aryan Nations, happened to have a three-day retreat during my visit. So I decided to crash it. (Laughter) I'm the only non-Aryan journalist I'm aware of ever to have done so. (Laughter) Among the many memorable episodes of that retreat... (Laughter) ...is when Abe, an Aryan, sidled up next to me. He slapped my knee, and he said, "Hey Rich, I just want you to know one thing. We are not white supremacists. We are white separatists. We don't think we're better than you, we just want to be away from you." (Laughter)
从我住的湖边小屋开七分钟路程 住的是雅利安民族 他们是白人至上主义者 美国希望之都,雅利安民族的宗教组织 在我旅游的时候恰好有三天的聚会 因此,我决定去凑个热闹 (笑声) 我发现我是前所未有的唯一一位非雅利安族记者 (笑声) 在聚会上无数难以忘怀的故事中,其中之一是 (笑声) 当一个名叫安培的雅利安人悄悄走过来,坐在我身边 他拍着我的膝盖,说“你好,理查,我只想让你知道一件事 我们并不是白人至上主义者,我们是白人分离主义者 我们并不认为我们比你优越 我们只是想离你们远一点 (笑声)
Indeed, most white people in Whitopia are neither white supremacists or white separatists; in fact, they're not there for explicitly racial reasons at all. Rather, they emigrate there for friendliness, comfort, security, safety -- reasons that they implicitly associate to whiteness in itself.
确实,在白色乌托邦生活的许多白人,并不是白人之上主义者 也不是白人分离主义者 实际上,他们根本不是由于特定的种族原因而生活在此 恰恰相反,他们迁居于此 是为了友好,舒适, 安全,踏实 他们将这些原因与白种人自身紧密相连
Next stop was Georgia. In Georgia, I stayed in an exurb north of Atlanta. In Utah, I found poker; in Idaho, I found guns; in Georgia, I found God. (Laughter) The way that I immersed myself in this Whitopia was to become active at First Redeemer Church, a megachurch that's so huge that it has golf carts to escort the congregants around its many parking lots on campus. I was active in the youth ministry. And for me, personally, I was more comfortable in this Whitopia than say, in a Colorado, or an Idaho, or even a suburban Boston. That is because [there], in Georgia, white people and black people are more historically familiar to one another. I was less exotic in this Whitopia. (Laughter)
下一站是乔治亚 在这里,我住在亚特兰大北边的郊区 我在犹他,学会了扑克 我在爱达荷,与枪结缘 我在乔治亚,感受到了上帝 (笑声) 我融入这个白色乌托邦的方法 是在第一救世主教堂变得积极主动 这个大型教堂如此之大,以至于它有自己的高尔夫球车 用来护送教徒们穿梭于校园里的众多停车场 我在青年义工团非常活跃 对于我自身而言,比起科罗拉多,爱达荷,甚至波士顿而言, 我更喜欢这个白色乌托邦 原因是白色人种和黑色人种 在很久以前就彼此熟知 这使得我在乔治亚没有那么的异国情调 (笑声)
But what does it all mean? Whitopian dreaming, Whitopia migration, is a push-pull phenomenon, full of alarming pushes and alluring pulls, and Whitopia operates at the level of conscious and unconscious bias. It's possible for people to be in Whitopia not for racist reasons, though it has racist outcomes. Many Whitopians feel pushed by illegals, social welfare abuse, minorities, density, crowded schools. Many Whitopians feel pulled by merit, freedom, the allure of privatism -- privatized places, privatized people, privatized things. And I learned in Whitopia how a country can have racism without racists.
但是,这一切都说明了什么呢? 白色乌托邦幻想和白色乌托邦迁移史,是一个推拉式现象 充满了令人震惊的推力和让人诱惑的拉力 而且白色乌托邦在有意与无意间的偏见中运行着 人们来到白色乌托邦并不都是因为种族问题 但是这造成了种族主义 许多白色乌托邦人觉得被非法行为,滥用社会福利, 少数族裔,人口密度,拥挤的学校推出去 许多白色乌托邦人因奖金,自由,特权诱惑 私人领域,私有化人民,私有财产 而拉进去 我从白色乌托邦所学到,在一个没有种族主义者的国家 如何能够存在着种族主义
Many of my smug urban liberal friends couldn't believe I would go on such a venture. The reality is that many white Americans are affable and kind. Interpersonal race relations -- how we treat each other as human beings -- are vastly better than in my parents' generation. Can you imagine me going to Whitopia 40 years ago? What a journey that would have been. (Laughter) And yet, some things haven't changed. America is as residentially and educationally segregated today as it was in 1970.
我许多的特立独行的都市自由主义的朋友 难以相信我踏上了这样一个旅途 事实上许多白种美国人是友善和蔼的 如今种族间的人际关系——我们如何像对待人类一样对待彼此 比我父母那一代人好得多 你能想象四十年前,我去白色乌托邦旅游吗 那该是多么难以描述的旅程啊 (笑声) 然而,有些事情并没有变化 美国目前还是存在教育阶级及居住地隔离分层现象 和1970年的情况并没有什么差别
As Americans, we often find ways to cook for each other, to dance with each other, to host with each other, but why can't that translate into how we treat each other as communities? It's a devastating irony, how we have gone forward as individuals, and backwards as communities.
作为美国人,我们经常可以一起做饭 一起跳舞 互相做客 但是我们为什么不能转变成我们彼此作为族群社区存在呢 这是天大的讽刺 我们在个体层面进步 却在族群方面退步
One of the Whitopian outlooks that really hit me was a proverbial saying: "One black man is a delightful dinner guest; 50 black men is a ghetto."
白色乌托邦最让我震惊的是一句谚语 那句话是这样讲的 一个黑人是一个受人喜爱的晚餐贵宾 五十个黑人就变成了贫民窟
One of the big contexts animating my Whitopian journey was the year 2042. By 2042, white people will no longer be the American majority. As such, will there be more Whitopias? In looking at this, the danger of Whitopia is that the more segregation we have, the less we can look at and confront conscious and unconscious bias.
鼓励我坚持我的白色乌托邦之旅的大背景是2042年 到了2042年,白人不再是美国人口的主要构成 既然如此,会有更多的白色乌托邦出现吗 在思考这个问题时 白色乌托邦带来的危险是,人们越分离 就越无法看到有意无意的偏见
I ventured on my two-year, 27,000 mile journey to learn where, why, and how white people are fleeing, but I didn't expect to have so much fun on my journey. (Laughter) I didn't expect to learn so much about myself. I don't expect I'll be living in a Whitopia -- or a Blacktopia, for that matter. I do plan to continue golfing every chance I get. (Laughter) And I'll just have to leave the guns and megachurches back in Whitopia.
在我两年的两万七千英里的旅途中 我了解了白人为什么要逃,逃去那里,怎么逃 但是我并没想到这个旅途会如此有趣 (笑声) 我也并没有期望能更了解自己 我没想过居住在白色乌托邦 或者黑色乌托邦。但是 我有计划着一有机会就去打高尔夫 (笑声) 而且我得和白色乌托邦里的枪支和大型教堂说再见了
Thank you.
谢谢
(Applause)
(掌声)