So a few years ago, I did something really brave, or some would say really stupid. I ran for Congress.
Dakle, pre nekoliko godina sam uradila nešto uistinu hrabro ili neki bi rekli uistinu glupo. Kandidovala sam se za kongres.
For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser, as an organizer, but in my heart, I always wanted to run. The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992. She had never lost a race, and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary. But in my mind, this was my way to make a difference, to disrupt the status quo. The polls, however, told a very different story. My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run, that there was no way that I could win.
Godinama sam živela u bezbednoj političkoj pozadini kao blagajnica, organizatorka, ali duboko u sebi sam oduvek želela da se kandidujem. Postojeća kongreskinja zastupa moj okrug od 1992. Nikad nije izgubila izbore i niko joj zaista nije bio protivkandidat na predizborima Demokratske stranke. Ali u mojoj svesti je ovo bio moj vid uticaja na promene, poremećaja statusa kvo. Ankete su međutim govorile nešto drugo. Moji anketari su mi rekli da sam luda jer se kandidujem, da ne postoji način da mogu da pobedim.
But I ran anyway, and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race. I swore I was going to win. I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News, the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day, and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country. I raised money from everyone I knew, including Indian aunties that were just so happy an Indian girl was running. But on election day, the polls were right, and I only got 19 percent of the vote, and the same papers that said I was a rising political star now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars on 6,321 votes. Don't do the math. It was humiliating.
Ali sam se svejedno kandidovala i 2012. sam bila nova nada na njujorškim izborima za kongres. Zaklela sam se sebi da ću da pobedim. Imala sam podršku njujorškog "Dejli Njuza", žurnal "Vol Strit" me je fotografisao na dan izbora, a CNBC je proglasio ove izbore najzanimljivijim u zemlji. Sakupila sam novac od svih koje sam poznavala, uključujući i indijanske tetke koje su prosto bile srećne jer se jedna Indijanka kandidovala. No na dan izbora, ankete su bile u pravu, ja sam dobila svega 19 procenata glasova, a iste one novine koje su tvrdile da sam politička zvezda u usponu, sada su govorile da sam protraćila 1,3 miliona dolara na 6,321 glas. Ne računajte to. Bilo je ponižavajuće.
Now, before you get the wrong idea, this is not a talk about the importance of failure. Nor is it about leaning in. I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress because I was 33 years old and it was the first time in my entire life that I had done something that was truly brave, where I didn't worry about being perfect.
Sad, pre nego što steknete pogrešan utisak, ovo nije govor o značaju neuspeha. Niti je o zapinjanju. Pričam vam priču o tome kako sam se kandidovala za kongres kad su mi bile 33 godine i bilo je to prvi put u mom životu da sam učinila nešto što je uistinu hrabro, gde nisam brinula o tome da li sam savršena.
And I'm not alone: so many women I talk to tell me that they gravitate towards careers and professions that they know they're going to be great in, that they know they're going to be perfect in, and it's no wonder why. Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure. We're taught to smile pretty, play it safe, get all A's. Boys, on the other hand, are taught to play rough, swing high, crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst. And by the time they're adults, whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date, they're habituated to take risk after risk. They're rewarded for it. It's often said in Silicon Valley, no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups. In other words, we're raising our girls to be perfect, and we're raising our boys to be brave.
I nisam usamljena: toliko žena mi kaže da teže karijerama i profesijama u kojima znaju da će da budu sjajne, u kojima znaju da će da budu savršene i to nije neobično. Devojke većinom uče da izbegavaju rizike i neuspeh. Uče nas da se lepo smeškamo, idemo na sigurno, dobijamo čiste petice. Dečaci, s druge strane, uče da igraju grubo, da ciljaju visoko, da se uspuzaju do vrha lestvi u parkiću i da se prosto strmoglave. I dok porastu, bilo da raspravljaju o povišici ili pitaju nekoga za izlazak, već su naviknuti na preuzimanje rizika za rizikom. Nagrađuju ih za to. Često čujemo u Silikonskoj dolini da vas niko ne uzima za ozbiljno, ukoliko nemate dve neuspele firme. Drugim rečima, vaspitavamo devojke da budu savršene, a dečake vaspitavamo da budu hrabri.
Some people worry about our federal deficit, but I, I worry about our bravery deficit. Our economy, our society, we're just losing out because we're not raising our girls to be brave. The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM, in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress, and pretty much everywhere you look.
Neki brinu zbog našeg federalnog deficita, ali ja brinem zbog deficita u hrabrosti. Naša ekonomija, naše društvo, prosto je na gubitku jer ne vaspitavamo naše devojke da budu hrabre. Deficit u hrabrosti je razlog zašto nema dovoljno žena u STEM-u, direktorki, žena u komisijama, u kongresu i skoro nigde na vidiku.
In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment that was too difficult for them. She found that bright girls were quick to give up. The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up. Bright boys, on the other hand, found the difficult material to be a challenge. They found it energizing. They were more likely to redouble their efforts.
Psihološkinja Kerol Dvek je 1980-ih je posmatrala kako se bistri petaci bave zadatkom koji je bio suviše težak za njih. Otkrila je da bistre devojčice brzo odustaju. Što im je viši koeficijent inteligencije, to će pre da odustanu. Bistri dečaci, s druge strane, gledali su na teški materijal kao na izazov. Ispunjavao ih je energijom. Bili su skloniji da se dvostruko više trude.
What's going on? Well, at the fifth grade level, girls routinely outperform boys in every subject, including math and science, so it's not a question of ability. The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge. And it doesn't just end in fifth grade. An HP report found that men will apply for a job if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications, but women, women will apply only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications. 100 percent. This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well, women need a little more confidence. But I think it's evidence that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection, and they're overly cautious.
Šta se ovde dešava? Pa, na nivou petog razreda, devojčice su rutinski bolje od dečaka, iz svih predmeta, uključujući matematiku i nauku, dakle ne radi se o sposobnostima. Razlika je u tome kako dečaci i devojčice prilaze izazovu. I ne završava se to prosto u petom razredu. Izveštaj o ljudskim potencijalima je otkrio da muškarci apliciraju za posao ukoliko zadovoljavaju svega 60 procenata traženih kvalifikacija, ali žene, žene se prijavljuju samo ako zadovoljavaju 100 procenata traženih kvalifikacija. 100 procenata. Obično se pozivaju na ovo istraživanje kao na dokaz da, pa dobro, ženama je potrebno malo više samopuzdanja. Međutim, ja smatram da je dokaz da su žene socijalizovane da teže savršenstvu i preterano su oprezne.
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And even when we're ambitious, even when we're leaning in, that socialization of perfection has caused us to take less risks in our careers. And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now in computing and tech, women are being left behind, and it means our economy is being left behind on all the innovation and problems women would solve if they were socialized to be brave instead of socialized to be perfect.
Pa čak i kad smo ambiciozne, čak i kada zapinjemo, ova socijalizacija savršenstva uzrokuje da preuzimamo manje rizika u našim karijerama. Pa je na tih 600,000 trenutno otvorenih mesta za posao u informatici i tehnologiji, žene su izostavljene, a to znači da je naša ekonomija u zaostatku kad su u pitanju sve te inovacije i problemi koje bi žene rešile kad bismo ih socijalizovali da budu hrabre, umesto što ih socijalizujemo da budu savršene.
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So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code, and what I found is that by teaching them to code I had socialized them to be brave. Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error, of trying to get the right command in the right place, with sometimes just a semicolon making the difference between success and failure. Code breaks and then it falls apart, and it often takes many, many tries until that magical moment when what you're trying to build comes to life. It requires perseverance. It requires imperfection.
Pa sam 2012. pokrenula firmu da bih naučila devojke programiranju, a otkrila sam da obučavajući ih programiranju, socijalizovala sam ih da budu hrabre. Programiranje je beskrajni postupak pokušaja i grešaka, pokušaja da se dođe do prave komande na pravom mestu, gde ponekad tačka-zarez može da bude ono što stoji između uspeha i neuspeha. Kod zakazuje i potom se raspada, a često je potrebno mnogo, mnogo pokušaja do tog magičnog trena kad oživi ono što pokušavate da sagradite. Potrebna je istrajnost. Potrebna je nesavršenost.
We immediately see in our program our girls' fear of not getting it right, of not being perfect. Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story. During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code, a student will call her over and she'll say, "I don't know what code to write." The teacher will look at her screen, and she'll see a blank text editor. If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen. But if she presses undo a few times, she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it. She tried, she came close, but she didn't get it exactly right. Instead of showing the progress that she made, she'd rather show nothing at all. Perfection or bust.
Odmah zapažamo na našem programu strah kod naših devojaka da neće uspeti, da neće biti savršene. Svi nastavnici iz Girls Who Code-a mi pričaju istu priču. Tokom prve nedelje, kad devojke uče da programiraju, učenica će da pozove nastavnicu i reći će: "Ne znam koji kod da pišem." Nastavnica će da pogleda u njen ekran i videće prazan program za obradu teksta. Da ne zna bolje, pomislila bi da je njena učenica provela poslednjih 20 minuta prosto zureći u ekran. Ali, ako pritisne "undo" nekoliko puta, videće da je njena učenica ispisala kod, a potom ga je izbrisala. Pokušala je, primakla se, ali nije u potpunosti pogodila. Umesto da pokaže svoj ostvareni napredak, radije neće ništa pokazati. Savršenstvo ili ništa.
It turns out that our girls are really good at coding, but it's not enough just to teach them to code.
Ispostavilo se da su naše devojke zaista dobre u programiranju, ali nije ih dovoljno samo podučavati programiranju.
My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia and teaches intro to Java tells me about his office hours with computer science students. When the guys are struggling with an assignment, they'll come in and they'll say, "Professor, there's something wrong with my code." The girls will come in and say, "Professor, there's something wrong with me."
Moj prijatelj Lev Bri, profesor na univerzitetu Kolumbija koji je profesor uvoda u Javaskript mi priča o konsultacijama sa studentima kompjuterskih nauka. Kad se muškarci muče sa zadatkom, doći će i reći: "Profesore, nešto nije u redu s mojim kodom." Devojke će da dođu i kažu: "Profesore, nešto nije u redu sa mnom."
We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection, but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood that lets girls know that they are not alone. Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system. I can't tell you how many women tell me,
Moramo početi da zaboravljamo socijalizaciju savršenstva, ali moramo to da kombinujemo sa izgradnjom sestrinstva koje bi davalo do znanja devojkama da nisu usamljene. Jer više vrednog rada neće popraviti nefunkcionalan sistem. Ne mogu da vam opišem koliko žena mi kaže:
"I'm afraid to raise my hand, I'm afraid to ask a question, because I don't want to be the only one who doesn't understand, the only one who is struggling. When we teach girls to be brave and we have a supportive network cheering them on, they will build incredible things, and I see this every day. Take, for instance, two of our high school students who built a game called Tampon Run -- yes, Tampon Run -- to fight against the menstruation taboo and sexism in gaming. Or the Syrian refugee who dared show her love for her new country by building an app to help Americans get to the polls. Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life because he has cancer. These are just three examples of thousands, thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect, who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance. And whether they become coders or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé, they will not defer their dreams.
"Strah me je da podignem ruku, strah me je da postavim pitanje jer ne želim da budem jedina koja ne razume, jedina koja se muči." Učeći devojke da budu hrabre, uz mrežu podrške koja ih bodri, one će da sagrade neverovatne stvari i ja sam svedok tome svakodnevno. Uzmite, na primer, dve naše srednjoškolke koje su napravile igru Trka tampona - da, Trka tampona - kako bi se borile protiv tabua o menstruaciji i seksizma u industriji igara. Ili sirijsku izbeglicu koja se odvažila da pokaže ljubav prema novoj zemlji, praveći aplikaciju koja pomaže Amerikancima da stignu do izbornih mesta. Ili 16-ogodišnjakinju koja je napravila algoritam koji pomaže u otkrivanju da li je rak benigan ili maligan pokušavajući tako da spasi život svom ocu koji ima rak. Ovo su samo tri primera od na hiljadu, na hiljadu devojaka koje su socijalizovane da budu nesavršene, koje su naučile da se trude, koje su načile da istrajavaju. I bilo da će da postanu programerke ili buduće Hilari Klinton ili Bijonse, neće se odreći svojih snova.
And those dreams have never been more important for our country. For the American economy, for any economy to grow, to truly innovate, we cannot leave behind half our population. We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection, and we've got to do it now. We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did when I was 33 years old. We have to teach them to be brave in schools and early in their careers, when it has the most potential to impact their lives and the lives of others, and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted not for being perfect but for being courageous. And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know -- your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague -- to be comfortable with imperfection, because when we teach girls to be imperfect, and we help them leverage it, we will build a movement of young women who are brave and who will build a better world for themselves and for each and every one of us.
A ti snovi nikad pre nisu bili ovoliko važni za našu državu. Za američku ekonomiju, za ekonomski rast, za istinske inovacije, ne možemo da izostavimo polovinu naše populacije. Moramo da socijalizujemo naše devojke da im bude ugodno u nesavršenosti, i moramo to da učinimo odmah. Ne možemo da čekamo da nauče da budu hrabre, poput mene u 33. godini. Moramo da ih naučimo da budu hrabre u školama i na početku svojih karijera, kada je najizglednije da im to može uticati na živote i živote drugih, i moramo da im pokažemo da će da budu voljene i prihvaćene, ne zato što su savršene, već zato što su hrabre. Zato želim da svako od vas kaže svakoj mladoj ženi koju poznaje - vašoj sestri, vašoj nećaci, vašoj radnici, vašoj koleginici - da se oseća udobno u nesavršenosti, jer kad učimo devojke da budu nesavršene, i pomognemo im da to koriste kao prednost, napravićemo pokret mladih žena koje su hrabre i koje će da grade bolji svet za sebe i za svakog od nas.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause) Thank you.
(Aplauz) Hvala vam.
Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you. It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision. Tell me how it's going. How many girls are involved now in your program?
Kris Anderson: Rešma, hvala ti. Imaš tako moćnu viziju. Ti si žena s vizijom. Reci mi, kako ti ide. Koliko je devojaka uključeno u tvoj program?
Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls. This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.
Rešma Saudžani: Da. Dakle, 2012. podučavali smo 20 devojaka. Ove godine ćemo podučavati 40,000 u svih 50 država.
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And that number is really powerful, because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science. Like, the problem is so bad that we can make that type of change quickly.
A ta brojka je uistinu moćna jer je prošle godine svega 7,500 žena diplomiralo iz kompjuterskih nauka. Znate, problem je toliko velik da može brzo da dođe do tog vida promene.
CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even, who are welcoming graduates from your program?
KA: A ti sarađuješ s nekim firmama koje su čak i u ovoj prostoriji, koje spremno dočekuju diplomke s tvog programa?
RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners, from Twitter to Facebook to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney, I mean, every single company out there. And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you, because we need every single tech company to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.
RS: Da, imamo oko 80 partnera, od Tvitera do Fejsbuka, od Adoba do IBM-a, Majkrosofta, Piksara, Diznija. Mislim, svih mogućih firmi. A ako niste upisani, pronaći ću vas jer nam je potrebno da svaka tehnološka firma uključi Girls Who Code učionicu u svoju kancelariju.
CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies that when you mix in more gender balance in the engineering teams, good things happen.
KA: Ti imaš i neke priče iz ovih firmi da kada dodate više rodne ravnoteže u inženjerskim ekipama, dešavaju se dobre stvari.
RS: Great things happen. I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women. Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men. We own the Internet, and we should be building the companies of tomorrow. And I think when companies have diverse teams, and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams, they build awesome things, and we see it every day.
RS: Sjajne se stvari dešavaju. Mislim, smatram da je to nenormalno kad razmislite o činjenici da su trenutno 85 procenata svih potrošačkih kupovina obavile žene. Žene koriste društvene medije 600 puta češće od muškaraca. Mi posedujemo internet i trebalo bi da gradimo firme budućnosti. I smatram da kad firme imaju raznolike ekipe, i kad imaju neverovatne žene kao deo svojih inženjerskih ekipa, prave izuzetne stvari i tome smo svedoci svakodnevno.
CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work. This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.
KA: Rešma, videla si reakciju ovde. Radiš izuzetno važan posao. Čitava ova zajednica navija za tebe. Daje ti snagu. Hvala ti.
RS: Thank you.
RS: Hvala vama.
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