So a few years ago, I did something really brave, or some would say really stupid. I ran for Congress.
Dakle, prije nekoliko godina učinila sam nešto uistinu hrabro, ili, neki bi rekli, uistinu glupo. Kandidirala sam se za Kongres.
For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser, as an organizer, but in my heart, I always wanted to run. The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992. She had never lost a race, and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary. But in my mind, this was my way to make a difference, to disrupt the status quo. The polls, however, told a very different story. My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run, that there was no way that I could win.
Godinama sam živjela sigurno, u političkoj pozadini, prikupljala novčana sredstva, bila organizatorica, no, duboko u sebi, oduvijek sam se željela kandidirati. Trenutna zastupnica u Kongresu zastupa moj okrug od 1992. Nikada nije izgubila utrku i nitko joj uistinu nije bio protukandidat na predizborima Demokratske stranke. Ali, u mojoj svijesti, ovo je bio moj način da promijenim nešto, kako bi se prekinulo postojeće stanje. Ankete su, međutim, govorile nešto drugo. Moji anketari su mi rekli da sam luda što se kandidiram, kako nema šanse da pobijedim.
But I ran anyway, and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race. I swore I was going to win. I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News, the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day, and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country. I raised money from everyone I knew, including Indian aunties that were just so happy an Indian girl was running. But on election day, the polls were right, and I only got 19 percent of the vote, and the same papers that said I was a rising political star now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars on 6,321 votes. Don't do the math. It was humiliating.
Svejedno sam se kandidirala i 2012. bila sam nova nada na njujorškim izborima za Kongres. Zaklela sam se sebi da ću pobijediti. Imala sam podršku njujorškog Daily Newsa, Wall Street Journal fotografirao me na dan izbora, a CNBC je nazvao ove izbore jednima od najzanimljivijih u zemlji. Prikupila sam sredstva od svih koje sam poznavala, uključujući i moje indijanske tete, koje su bile presretne što se jedna Indijanka kandidirala. No, na dan izbora, ankete su bile u pravu, dobila sam svega 19 posto glasova, a iste one novine koje su tvrdile da sam politička zvijezda u usponu, sada su govorile da sam protratila 1,3 milijuna dolara na 6,321 glas. Ne morate izračunavati. Bilo je ponižavajuće.
Now, before you get the wrong idea, this is not a talk about the importance of failure. Nor is it about leaning in. I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress because I was 33 years old and it was the first time in my entire life that I had done something that was truly brave, where I didn't worry about being perfect.
Prije nego što steknete pogrešan dojam, ovo nije govor o značaju neuspjeha. Niti o ustrajnosti. Pričam vam priču o tome kako sam se kandidirala za Kongres jer su mi tada bile 33 godine i bilo je to prvi put u mom životu da sam učinila nešto uistinu hrabro, gdje nisam brinula o tome jesam li savršena.
And I'm not alone: so many women I talk to tell me that they gravitate towards careers and professions that they know they're going to be great in, that they know they're going to be perfect in, and it's no wonder why. Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure. We're taught to smile pretty, play it safe, get all A's. Boys, on the other hand, are taught to play rough, swing high, crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst. And by the time they're adults, whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date, they're habituated to take risk after risk. They're rewarded for it. It's often said in Silicon Valley, no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups. In other words, we're raising our girls to be perfect, and we're raising our boys to be brave.
I nisam sama u tome: toliko žena mi govori da teže karijerama i profesijama u kojima znaju da će biti sjajne, u kojima znaju da će biti savršene, i to nije neobično. Djevojke većinom uče da izbjegavaju rizike i neuspjeh. Uče nas da se lijepo smješkamo, igramo na sigurno, dobivamo same petice. Dječake se, s druge strane, uči da igraju grubo, da ciljaju visoko, da se popnu na vrh penjalice u parku, a onda samo strmoglave. I dok odrastu, bilo da raspravljaju o povišici ili pozivaju nekoga na spoj, već su naviknuti preuzimati rizik za rizikom. Nagrađeni su za to. Često se u Silicijskoj dolini govori da vas nitko ne uzima za ozbiljno, ako iza sebe niste imali dvije propale tvrtke. Drugim riječima, odgajamo djevojke da budu savršene, a dječake da budu hrabri.
Some people worry about our federal deficit, but I, I worry about our bravery deficit. Our economy, our society, we're just losing out because we're not raising our girls to be brave. The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM, in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress, and pretty much everywhere you look.
Neki brinu zbog našeg federalnog deficita, ali ja brinem zbog deficita hrabrosti. Naša ekonomija, naše društvo, jednostavno smo na gubitku jer ne odgajamo naše djevojke da budu hrabre. Deficit hrabrosti je razlog zašto nema dovoljno žena u STEM-u, više šefica, žena u odborima, u Kongresu, zapravo, gdjegod pogledate.
In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment that was too difficult for them. She found that bright girls were quick to give up. The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up. Bright boys, on the other hand, found the difficult material to be a challenge. They found it energizing. They were more likely to redouble their efforts.
80-ih godina, psihologinja Carol Dweck promatrala je kako bistri petaši rješavaju zadatak koji je bio pretežak za njih. Otkrila je da bistre djevojčice brzo odustaju. Što im je viši IQ, to će prije odustati. Bistri dječaci, s druge strane, gledali su na teške zadatke kao na izazov. Ispunjavao ih je energijom. Bili su skloniji dvostruko većem trudu.
What's going on? Well, at the fifth grade level, girls routinely outperform boys in every subject, including math and science, so it's not a question of ability. The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge. And it doesn't just end in fifth grade. An HP report found that men will apply for a job if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications, but women, women will apply only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications. 100 percent. This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well, women need a little more confidence. But I think it's evidence that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection, and they're overly cautious.
Što se ovdje događa? Pa, na razini petog razreda, djevojčice su rutinski bolje od dječaka, iz svih predmeta, uključujući matematiku i prirodne predmete, dakle, ne radi se o sposobnostima. Razlika je u tome kako dječaci i djevojčice prilaze izazovu. I to ne završava u petom razredu. Izvještaj Hewlett Packarda otkriva da se muškarci prijavljuju za posao ukoliko zadovoljavaju svega 60 posto traženih kvalifikacija, dok se žene prijavljuju samo ako zadovoljavaju 100 posto traženih kvalifikacija. 100 posto. Obično se pozivaju na ovo istraživanje kao na dokaz da žene trebaju malo više samopouzdanja. No, mislim da ovo dokazuje kako su žene društveno određene da teže savršenstvu i pretjerano su oprezne.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
And even when we're ambitious, even when we're leaning in, that socialization of perfection has caused us to take less risks in our careers. And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now in computing and tech, women are being left behind, and it means our economy is being left behind on all the innovation and problems women would solve if they were socialized to be brave instead of socialized to be perfect.
Pa čak i kad smo ambiciozne, kada smo ustrajne, društveno nametanje savršenosti uzrokuje da preuzimamo manje rizika u našim karijerama. Pa na tih 600,000 trenutno otvorenih radnih mjesta u informatici i tehnologiji, žene su zapostavljene, što znači da je naša ekonomija u zaostatku kad su u pitanju sve te inovacije i problemi koje bi žene riješile, kad bismo ih poticali da budu hrabre, umjesto što ih potičemo da budu savršene.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code, and what I found is that by teaching them to code I had socialized them to be brave. Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error, of trying to get the right command in the right place, with sometimes just a semicolon making the difference between success and failure. Code breaks and then it falls apart, and it often takes many, many tries until that magical moment when what you're trying to build comes to life. It requires perseverance. It requires imperfection.
2012. pokrenula sam tvrtku kako bih naučila djevojke programiranju, a otkrila sam da, obučavajući ih programiranju, potaknula sam ih da budu hrabre. Programiranje je beskrajni proces pokušaja i pogrešaka, pokušaja da se dođe do prave naredbe na pravom mjestu, gdje ponekad točka-zarez može biti ono što stoji između uspjeha i neuspjeha. Kôd se prekida, potom se i raspada i često je potrebno mnogo pokušaja do tog čarobnog trenutka, kada ono na čemu radite, napokon oživi. Potrebna je ustrajnost. Potrebna je nesavršenost.
We immediately see in our program our girls' fear of not getting it right, of not being perfect. Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story. During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code, a student will call her over and she'll say, "I don't know what code to write." The teacher will look at her screen, and she'll see a blank text editor. If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen. But if she presses undo a few times, she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it. She tried, she came close, but she didn't get it exactly right. Instead of showing the progress that she made, she'd rather show nothing at all. Perfection or bust.
Odmah zapažamo na našem programu strah kod naših djevojaka da neće uspjeti, da neće biti savršene. Svi nastavnici iz Girls Who Code mi pričaju istu priču. Tijekom prvog tjedna, kad djevojke uče programiranje, učenica zove nastavnicu i kaže: "Ne znam koji kôd napisati." Nastavnica će pogledati njezin ekran i vidjeti praznu stranicu programa za uređivanje teksta. Da je ne poznaje, pomislila bi da je njena učenica provela zadnjih 20 minuta samo zureći u ekran. Ali, ako pritisne "Undo" nekoliko puta, vidjet će da je njena učenica ispisala kôd, a potom ga izbrisala. Pokušala je, bila je blizu, ali nije u potpunosti sve izvela kako treba. Umjesto da pokaže svoj ostvareni napredak, radije neće ništa pokazati. Savršenstvo ili ništa.
It turns out that our girls are really good at coding, but it's not enough just to teach them to code.
Ispostavilo se da su naše djevojke zaista dobre u programiranju, ali nije dovoljno samo ih tome podučavati.
My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia and teaches intro to Java tells me about his office hours with computer science students. When the guys are struggling with an assignment, they'll come in and they'll say, "Professor, there's something wrong with my code." The girls will come in and say, "Professor, there's something wrong with me."
Moj prijatelj Lev Brie, profesor na sveučilištu Columbia, koji predaje uvod u Javascipt, priča mi o svojim studentima računalnih znanosti. Kad se dečki muče sa zadatkom, doći će i reći: "Profesore, nešto nije u redu s mojim kôdom." Djevojke će doći i reći: "Profesore, nešto nije u redu sa mnom."
We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection, but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood that lets girls know that they are not alone. Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system. I can't tell you how many women tell me,
Moramo se početi rješavati društvenog nametanja savršenstva, ali moramo to kombinirati s izgradnjom sestrinstva, koje bi djevojkama dalo do znanja da nisu same. Jer više vrijednog rada neće popraviti nefunkcionalan sustav. Ne mogu vam opisati koliko žena mi kaže:
"I'm afraid to raise my hand, I'm afraid to ask a question, because I don't want to be the only one who doesn't understand, the only one who is struggling. When we teach girls to be brave and we have a supportive network cheering them on, they will build incredible things, and I see this every day. Take, for instance, two of our high school students who built a game called Tampon Run -- yes, Tampon Run -- to fight against the menstruation taboo and sexism in gaming. Or the Syrian refugee who dared show her love for her new country by building an app to help Americans get to the polls. Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life because he has cancer. These are just three examples of thousands, thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect, who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance. And whether they become coders or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé, they will not defer their dreams.
"Strah me je podići ruku, strah me je postaviti pitanje, jer ne želim biti jedina koja ne razumije, jedina koja se muči." Učeći djevojke da budu hrabre, uz mrežu podrške koja ih bodri, one će izgraditi nevjerojatne stvari i ja sam svjedok tome svakodnevno. Na primjer, dvije naše srednjoškolke napravile su igricu Utrka tampona, da, Utrka tampona, kako bi se borile protiv tabua o menstruaciji i seksizma u industriji video igara. Ili sirijsku izbjeglicu, koja se odvažila pokazati ljubav prema svojoj novoj zemlji, napravivši aplikaciju koja pomaže Amerikancima da stignu do izbornih mjesta. Ili 16-ogodišnjakinja koja je napravila algoritam koji pomaže u otkrivanju je li rak benigni ili maligni, pokušavajući tako spasiti život svom ocu, jer on boluje od raka. Ovo su samo tri primjera od njih tisuće, na tisuće djevojaka koje prihvaćaju svoju nesavršenost, koje su naučile truditi se, koje su naučile ustrajati. I bilo da će postati programerke, sljedeća Hillary Clinton ili Beyoncé, neće se odreći svojih snova.
And those dreams have never been more important for our country. For the American economy, for any economy to grow, to truly innovate, we cannot leave behind half our population. We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection, and we've got to do it now. We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did when I was 33 years old. We have to teach them to be brave in schools and early in their careers, when it has the most potential to impact their lives and the lives of others, and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted not for being perfect but for being courageous. And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know -- your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague -- to be comfortable with imperfection, because when we teach girls to be imperfect, and we help them leverage it, we will build a movement of young women who are brave and who will build a better world for themselves and for each and every one of us.
A ti snovi nikad prije nisu bili ovoliko važni za našu zemlju. Za američku ekonomiju, za ekonomski rast, za istinske inovacije, ne možemo izostaviti polovinu naše populacije. Moramo socijalizirati naše djevojke da prihvate svoju nesavršenost, i moramo to učiniti odmah. Ne možemo čekati da nauče biti hrabre, poput mene u 33. godini. Moramo ih naučiti da budu hrabre u školama i na početku svojih karijera, kada to najviše može utjecati na njihov život i živote drugih, te im moramo pokazati da će biti voljene i prihvaćene, ne zato što su savršene, već zato što su hrabre. Zato želim da svatko od vas kaže svakoj mladoj ženi koju poznaje - vašoj sestri, vašoj nećakinji, vašoj radnici, vašoj kolegici - da prihvati svoju nesavršenost, jer kad učimo djevojke da budu nesavršene, i pomognemo im da to koriste kao prednost, napravit ćemo pokret mladih žena koje su hrabre i koje će graditi bolji svijet za sebe i za svakog od nas.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause) Thank you.
(Pljesak) Hvala.
Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you. It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision. Tell me how it's going. How many girls are involved now in your program?
Chris Anderson: Reshma, hvala ti. Imaš tako moćnu viziju. Ti imaš viziju. Reci mi, kako ti ide. Koliko je djevojaka sada u tvom programu?
Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls. This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.
Reshma Saujani: Da. 2012. podučavali smo 20 djevojaka. Ove godine ćemo podučavati njih 40,000 u svih 50 država.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
And that number is really powerful, because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science. Like, the problem is so bad that we can make that type of change quickly.
A ta brojka je uistinu moćna, jer je prošle godine svega 7,500 žena diplomiralo računalne znanosti. Znate, problem je toliko velik da tu brzo možemo nešto promijeniti.
CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even, who are welcoming graduates from your program?
CA: Ti i surađuješ s nekim kompanijama koje su danas ovdje, koje očekuju diplomantice s tvog programa?
RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners, from Twitter to Facebook to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney, I mean, every single company out there. And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you, because we need every single tech company to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.
RS: Da, imamo oko 80 partnera, od Twittera do Facebooka, Adobea, IBM-a, Microsofta, Pixara, Disneya, mislim, skoro svaka kompanija. A ako niste prijavljeni, pronaći ću vas, jer želimo da svaka tehnološka kompanija uključi Girls Who Code u svoj ured.
CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies that when you mix in more gender balance in the engineering teams, good things happen.
CA: Imaš i neke priče iz ovih kompanija, da kada su podjednako zastupljeni svi spolovi u inženjerskim timovima, dešavaju se dobre stvari.
RS: Great things happen. I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women. Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men. We own the Internet, and we should be building the companies of tomorrow. And I think when companies have diverse teams, and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams, they build awesome things, and we see it every day.
RS: Dešavaju se odlične stvari. Smatram da je suludo kada razmislite o činjenici da trenutno 85 posto svih potrošačkih kupovina obavljaju žene. Žene koriste društvene medije 600 posto češće od muškaraca. Mi posjedujemo internet i trebale bismo graditi tvrtke budućnosti. I smatram da kada tvrtke imaju raznolike timove i kad imaju nevjerojatne žene kao dio svojih inženjerskih timova, stvaraju odlične stvari, čemu svjedočimo svakodnevno.
CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work. This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.
CA: Reshma, vidjela si reakciju ovdje. Radiš neizmjerno važan posao. Cijela ova zajednica navija za tebe. Daje ti snagu. Hvala ti.
RS: Thank you.
RS: Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)