Architecture is amazing, for sure. It's amazing because it's art. But you know, it's a very funny kind of art. It's an art at the frontier between art and science. It's fed by ... by real life, every day. It's driven by force of necessity. Quite amazing, quite amazing. And the life of the architect is also amazing.
建築令人讚嘆,真的。 令人讚嘆的原因是因為 建築本身就是一門藝術。 但它是門非常微妙的藝術。 它是介於藝術和科學的一門學問。 建築學的養分 充斥在我們每天的生活當中。 它被需求的力量所驅動著。 相當了不起,相當了不起。 而建築師的生活也很了不起。
You know, as an architect, at 10 o’clock in the morning, you need to be a poet, for sure. But at 11, you must become a humanist, otherwise you'd lose your direction. And at noon, you absolutely need to be a builder. You need to be able to make a building, because architecture, at the end, is the art of making buildings. Architecture is the art of making shelter for human beings. Period. And this is not easy at all. It's amazing.
各位知道嗎,身為建築師, 你早上十點, 必須要像個詩人,真的。 但在十一點, 你就得變成人道主義者, 要不然你會走偏了。 到了中午,你一定要回到建商的立場。 你必須要有建造建築物的能力, 因為,最終,建築物本身 就是一門建造的藝術。 建築是一門為人類 建造庇護所的藝術。 就這樣。 這一點也不容易。 這很了不起。
Look at this. Here we are in London, at the top of the Shard of Glass. This is a building we completed a few years ago. Those people are well-trained workers, and they are assembling the top piece of the tower. Well, they look like rock climbers. They are. I mean, they are defying the force of gravity, like building does, by the way. We got 30 of those people -- actually, on that site, we got more than 1,400 people, coming from 60 different nationalities. You know, this is a miracle. It's a miracle. To put together 1,400 people, coming from such different places, is a miracle. Sites are miracles. This is another one.
看看這個。 這是在倫敦 摘星塔摩天大樓的頂端。 這是幾年前我們完成的一棟大樓。 這些工人受過很好的訓練, 他們正在塔頂組裝 最頂部的元件。 他們看起來像是攀岩者。 的確是。 我的意思是,他們正在與 地心引力搏鬥, 順道一提,建築物本身也是。 我們有三十名這樣的工人—— 其實,在建地, 我們有超過一千四百位的工人, 來自六十個不同的國家。 這是個奇蹟,這是個奇蹟。 要把來自不同的地方的一千四百人 全部結合起來,真的是個奇蹟。 建地現場到處是奇蹟。 這裡還有一個。
Let's talk about construction. Adventure, it's adventure in real life, not adventure in spirit. This guy there is a deepwater diver. From rock climbers to deepwater divers. This is in Berlin. After the fall of the Wall in '89, we built this building, connecting East Berlin to West Berlin, in Potsdamer Platz. We got on that project almost 5,000 people. Almost 5,000 people. And this is another site in Japan, building the Kansai Airport. Again, all the rock climbers, Japanese ones. You know, making buildings together is the best way to create a sense of cooperation. The sense of pride -- pride is essential.
我們來談談建造。 冒險,它是真實人生的冒險, 不是靈性的冒險。 這位是深水潛水員。 從攀岩者到潛水員。 這是在柏林。 在 1989 年圍牆拆除之後, 我們建造了這棟 連結東柏林和西柏林的建築物, 它座落在波茨坦廣場。 那個建案用了近五千人。 近五千人。 這是另一個建地,在日本, 建造關西國際機場。 一樣,都是攀岩者,日本的攀岩者。 你知道嗎,一起建造建築物 是創造合作感最好的方式。 榮耀感——榮耀感是很重要的。
But, you know, construction, of course, is one of the reasons why architecture is amazing. But there is another one, that is maybe even more amazing. Because architecture is the art of making shelter for communities, not just for individuals -- communities and society at large. And society is never the same. The world keeps changing. And changes are difficult to swallow by people. And architecture is a mirror of those changes. Architecture is the built expression of those changes. So, this is why it is so difficult, because those changes create adventure. They create adventure, and architecture is adventure.
但,當然,建築技術 是建築物了不起的原因之一。 但還有另外一個, 可能還更了不起的。 因為建築是 為公眾建造庇護所的藝術, 不只是為個人—— 也為社區和大眾社會。 而社會一直在改變。 世界也不斷在變。 而改變不易從人身上發覺。 而建築能反映出這些改變。 建築物能體現出那些改變。 這就是為什麼它如此困難, 因為那些改變創造出冒險。 它們創造冒險,而建築就是冒險。
This is the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, a long time ago. That was back in time, '77. This was a spaceship landing in the middle of Paris. Together with my friend in adventure, Richard Rogers, we were, at the time, young bad boys. Young, bad boys. (Laughter) It was really only a few years after May '68. So it was a rebellion, pure rebellion. The idea was to make the proof that cultural buildings should not be intimidating. They should create a sense of curiosity. This is the way to create a cultural place. Curiosity is the beginning of a cultural attitude.
這是巴黎的龐畢度中心, 很久以前。 當時是 1977 年。 這是一艘太空船,降落在巴黎中央。 我和我的朋友理查羅傑斯 一起合作冒險, 在當時,我們是很年輕的壞男孩。 年輕的壞男孩。 (笑聲) 時間其實不過是 1968 年 五月之後沒幾年。 當時很叛逆,純粹就是叛逆。 我們的想法是要證明 文化建築物不應該令人生畏。 它們應該要能創造出好奇感。 這是創造在地文化的方式。 一個文化的產生始於好奇心。
And there's a piazza there, you can see that piazza. And a piazza is the beginning of urban life. A piazza is the place where people meet. And they mix experience. And they mix ages. And, you know, in some way, you create the essence of the city. And since then, we made, in the office, so many other places for people.
那裡有一個廣場, 你們可以看見那個廣場。 而都市生活始於廣場。 廣場是大家見面的地方。 人們交換生活經驗的地方。 各年齡層的人都有。 而且,你知道嗎,在某種程度上, 你是在創造城市的本質。 在這之後,我們在辦公室裡, 為人們設計了許多其它的類似空間。
Here, in Rome, is a concert hall. Another place for people. This building inside is actually designed by the sound, you can see. It's flirting with sound. And this is the Kansai Airport, in Japan. To make a building, sometimes you need to make an island, and we made the island. The building is more than one mile long. It looks like an immense glider, landing on the ground.
在羅馬這裡, 我們打造了一間音樂廳。 另一個為人們打造的地方。 你們可以看得出來, 建築內部是專為聲音而設計的。 如空谷幽蘭,餘音繞梁。 這是關西國際機場, 在日本。 有時,打造一棟建築物, 就像打造一座島, 我們打造了一座島。 這棟建築物有超過一英哩長。 它看起來像是巨大的滑翔機, 降落在地面上。
And this is in San Francisco. Another place for people. This building is the California Academy of Sciences. And we planted on that roof -- thousands and thousands of plants that use the humidity of the air, instead of pumping water from the water table. The roof is a living roof, actually. And this building was made Platinum LEED. The LEED is the system to measure, of course, the sustainability of a building. So this was also a place for people that will stay a long time.
這是在舊金山。 另一個為人們打造的地方。 這棟建築物是 加利福尼亞州科學院。 我們在屋頂上種植物—— 上面有數以千計的植物, 靠空氣中的濕氣生長, 而不是從地下把水抽上來。 這片屋頂其實是個活的屋頂。 這棟建築拿到了 LEED 白金級認證。 當然,LEED 是一套系統, 用來測量建築物的永續性。 所以,這也是一個為人打造的地方, 會存在很長的一段時間。
And this is actually New York. This is the new Whitney, in the Meatpacking District in New York. Well, another flying vessel. Another place for people. Here we are in Athens, the Niarchos Foundation. It's a library, it's an open house, a concert hall and a big park. This building is also a Platinum LEED building. This building actually captures the sun's energy with that roof.
這則是在紐約。 這是新惠特尼, 位在紐約的米特帕金區。 嗯,另一架飛行船。 另一個為人打造的地方。 這裡是雅典的尼亞可斯基金會。 它是座圖書館, 它是間開放的房子,是間音樂廳, 也是個大公園。 它也是 LEED 白金級 認證的建築物。 這棟建築物用屋頂捕捉太陽能。
But, you know, making a building a place for people is good. Making libraries, making concert halls, making universities, making museums is good, because you create a place that's open, accessible. You create a building for a better world, for sure. But there is something else that makes architecture amazing, even more. And this is the fact that architecture doesn't just answer to need and necessity, but also to desires -- yes, desires -- dreams, aspirations. This is what architecture does. Even the most modest hut on earth is not just a roof. It's more than a roof. It's telling a story; it's telling a story about the identity of the people living in that hut. Individuals.
但,為人們打造一棟建築物、 一個空間,是很好的事。 打造圖書館、打造音樂廳、 打造大學、打造博物館,都很好, 因為你是在創造一個 開放、親民的地方。 你是在創造創造一棟 讓世界變得更好的建築物,真的。 但還有別的因素, 可以讓建築物更令人驚艷。 實際上, 建築不只是反應了需求與必要性, 也反應了人們的渴望——是的, 渴望——夢想、期望。 這就是建築在做的事。 即使是地球上最簡樸的小屋, 也不只是一片屋頂。 建築除了屋頂, 它還有故事; 建築能說明住在 那間小屋裡人的故事。 不同建築有不同的故事。
Architecture is the art of telling stories. Like this one. In London: the Shard of Glass. Well, this building is the tallest building in Western Europe. It goes up more than 300 meters in the air, to breathe fresh air. The facets of this building are inclined, and they reflect the sky of London, that is never the same. After rain, everything becomes bluish. In the sunny evening, everything is red. It's something that is difficult to explain. It's what we call the soul of a building.
建築是說故事的藝術。 就像這個。 在倫敦:摘星塔摩天大樓。 這棟大樓是西歐最高的大樓。 它的高度超過三百公尺, 在上面呼吸新鮮的空氣。 這棟大樓的面是傾斜的, 它們會映射出 倫敦多變、不一樣的天空。 雨後,都變藍的。 在晴朗的夜晚,都變紅的。 這是很難解釋的現象。 那就是我們所謂的建築物的靈魂。
On this picture on the left, you have the Menil Collection, used a long time ago. It's a museum. On the right is the Harvard Art Museum. Both those two buildings flirt with light. Light is probably one of the most essential materials in architecture. And this is in Amsterdam. This building is flirting with water. And this is my office, on the sea. Well, this is flirting with work. Actually, we enjoy working there. And that cable car is the little cable car that goes up to there.
左邊這張照片上的是 曼尼爾私人收藏博物館, 很久以前使用的。 它是一間博物館。 右邊的是哈佛藝術博物館。 兩棟建築物都在和光線調情。 光線可能是建築中最重要的元素。 這是阿姆斯特丹。 這棟建築物在和水調情。 這是我的辦公室,在海上。 這是在和工作調情。 其實,我們很享受在那裡工作。 搭那一台小纜車夠能夠上到那裡。
That's "The New York Times" in New York. Well, this is playing with transparency. Again, the sense of light, the sense of transparency. On the left here, you have the Magic Lantern in Japan, in Ginza, in Tokyo. And in the center is a monastery in the forest. This monastery is playing with the silence and the forest. And a museum, a science museum. This is about levitation. And this is in the center of Paris, in the belly of the whale. This is the Pathé Foundation in Paris. All those buildings have something in common: it's that something is searching for desire, for dreams.
這是紐約的「紐約時報」。 這是在和透明度調情。 同樣的,光線的感覺 和透明的感覺。 左手邊的是日本的魔燈, 位在日本的銀座。 中間的是森林中的修道院。 這間修道院在和寂靜 及森林一同玩樂。 這是一間博物館,科學博物館。 設計重點在於懸浮。 這是在巴黎的中心, 在鯨魚的肚子裡。 這是巴黎的百代電影基金會。 所有這些建築物都有一項共通性: 這項共通性就是 對慾望和夢想的追求。
And that's me.
這是我。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Well, it's me on my sailing boat. Flirting with breeze. Well, there's not a very good reason to show you this picture.
我在我的帆船上。 和風調情。 嗯,這並不是給各位看 這張照片的好理由。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
I'm trying, I'm trying.
我在試,我在試。
You know, one thing is clear: I love sailing, for sure. I actually also love designing sailing boats. But I love sailing, because sailing is associated with slowness. And ... and silence. And the sense of suspension. And there is another thing that this picture says. It says that I'm Italian.
有件事很清楚:我很愛航海,真的。 我其實也愛設計帆船。 但我愛航海,因為航海和緩慢有關。 還有…… 寂靜。 及海上乘風破浪的感受。 這張照片還說明了另外一件事。 它說我是義大利人。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Well, there is very little I can do about that.
嗯,對於這點我是無能為力。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
I'm Italian, and I love beauty. I love beauty.
我是義大利人,我愛美麗。 我愛美麗。
Well, let's go sailing, I want to take you sailing here, to this place, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. This is the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Center. It's for the Kanaky ethnic group. It's in Nouméa, New Caledonia. This place is for art. Art and nature. And those buildings actually flirt with the wind, with the trade winds. They have a sound, they have a voice, those buildings. I'm showing this because it's about beauty. It's about pure beauty.
咱們去航海吧,我想要帶各位出海, 去這個地方, 位在太平洋中央。 這是棲包屋文化中心。 它是為了卡納克民族所建的。 位在新喀里多尼亞的努美阿。 建造這個地方是為了藝術。 藝術和大自然。 那些建築物是真的在和風調情, 和季風調情。 那些建築物,它們有聲音。 我給各位看這張圖, 是因為它和美有關。 它是純粹的美。
And let's talk about beauty for a moment. Beauty is like the bird of paradise: the very moment you try to catch it, it flies away. Your arm is too short. But beauty is not a frivolous idea. It's the opposite. In my native language, that is Italian, "beautiful" is "bello." In Spanish, "beauty" is "belleza." In Greek, "beautiful" is "kalos." When you add "agathos," that means "beautiful and good." In no one of those languages, "beautiful" just means "beautiful." It also means "good."
咱們先來談一下「美」。 美,就像是天堂的鳥 : 當你就要抓到牠時,牠就飛走了。 你的手臂不夠長。 但美並不是一個輕佻的想法。 正好相反。 在我的母語,也就是義大利語中, 「美麗」叫做「bello」。 在西班牙,「美麗」 叫做「belleza。 在希臘語,「美麗」 叫做「kalos」。 當你加上「agathos」, 就表示「美麗且美好」。 在這些語言當中,「美麗」 都不是只有「美麗」的意思。 這個詞也都意味著「美好」。
Real beauty is when the invisible joins the visible, coming on surface. And this doesn't apply only to art or nature. This applies to science, human curiosity, solidarity -- that's the reason why you may say, "This is a beautiful person," "That's a beautiful mind." This, this is the beauty that can change people into better people, by switching a special light in their eyes. And making buildings for this beauty makes cities better places to live. And better cities make better citizens.
真正的美麗是當看不見的部分 結合了看得見的部分, 而在表像呈現出來。 這個概念不只適用在 藝術或大自然上。 也可以用在科學、 人類好奇心、團結—— 那就是為什麼你可能會說: 「這是個美麗的人」、 「那是個美麗的心靈」。 這種美麗可以讓人 變成更好的人, 只要轉換他們眼中的光, 變成特殊的光。 為了這種美麗來打造建築物, 能讓城市成為更棒的居住地。 更好的城市, 就會有更好的市民。
Well, this beauty -- this universal beauty, I should say -- is one of the few things that can change the world. Believe me, this beauty will save the world. One person at a time, but it will do it.
這種美麗—— 我應該說,這種普遍的美麗—— 是少數能夠改變世界的東西之一。 相信我,這種美麗能夠拯救世界。 一人一次,就能辦到。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)