What started as a platform for hobbyists is poised to become a multibillion-dollar industry. Inspection, environmental monitoring, photography and film and journalism: these are some of the potential applications for commercial drones, and their enablers are the capabilities being developed at research facilities around the world.
Ono što je počelo kao platforma za hobiste postalo je industrija vredna milijarde dolara. Inspekcija, praćenje životne sredine, fotografija, film i novinarstvo to su neki potencijali korišćenja komercijalnih dronova. I njihovi zagovornici omogućavaju da se razvijaju u centrima za istraživanje po svetu.
For example, before aerial package delivery entered our social consciousness, an autonomous fleet of flying machines built a six-meter-tall tower composed of 1,500 bricks in front of a live audience at the FRAC Centre in France, and several years ago, they started to fly with ropes. By tethering flying machines, they can achieve high speeds and accelerations in very tight spaces. They can also autonomously build tensile structures. Skills learned include how to carry loads, how to cope with disturbances, and in general, how to interact with the physical world.
Na primer, pre nego što je vazdušna dostava paketa ušla u našu društvenu svest, autonoman skup letećih mašina napravio je toranj od 6 metara sačinjen od 1500 cigla, pred publikom, u centru FRAC u Francuskoj, i pre nekoliko godina, počeli su da lete sa konopcima. Pri vezivanju letećih mašina, mogu dostići veliku brzinu i ubrzanje u uskom prostoru. Takođe mogu sami da naprave zatezne strukture. Naučene su veštine poput, kako da se nosi teret, kako da se nose sa smetnjama, i uopšteno, interakcija sa fizičkim svetom.
Today we want to show you some new projects that we've been working on. Their aim is to push the boundary of what can be achieved with autonomous flight.
Danas hoćemo da vam pokažemo nove projekte na kojima smo radili. Njihov cilj je da se pomere granice u tome šta se može postići sa samostalnim letom.
Now, for a system to function autonomously, it must collectively know the location of its mobile objects in space. Back at our lab at ETH Zurich, we often use external cameras to locate objects, which then allows us to focus our efforts on the rapid development of highly dynamic tasks. For the demos you will see today, however, we will use new localization technology developed by Verity Studios, a spin-off from our lab. There are no external cameras. Each flying machine uses onboard sensors to determine its location in space and onboard computation to determine what its actions should be. The only external commands are high-level ones such as "take off" and "land."
Da bi sistem samostalno funkcionisao, mora kolektivno znati lokacije svojih mobilnih objekata u prostoru. U našoj laboratoriji ETH Cirih, često koristimo eksterne kamere da lociramo objekte, što nam daje mogućnost da se fokusiramo na brz razvoj visoko dinamičnih zadataka. Za prezentaciju danas, koristićemo novu tehnologiju lokalizacije, razvijenu od Veriti Studia unapređenje iz naše laboratorije. Ne postoje eksterne kamere. Svaka letelica koristi senzore kako bi imala svoju lokaciju u prostoru i računanje kojim određuje šta treba da radi. Jedine eksterne komande su one na visokom nivou kao "poletanje" i "sletanje".
This is a so-called tail-sitter. It's an aircraft that tries to have its cake and eat it. Like other fixed-wing aircraft, it is efficient in forward flight, much more so than helicopters and variations thereof. Unlike most other fixed-wing aircraft, however, it is capable of hovering, which has huge advantages for takeoff, landing and general versatility. There is no free lunch, unfortunately. One of the limitations with tail-sitters is that they're susceptible to disturbances such as wind gusts. We're developing new control architectures and algorithms that address this limitation. The idea is for the aircraft to recover no matter what state it finds itself in, and through practice, improve its performance over time.
Ovo je takozvani sedeći rep. To je letelica koja pokušava da ima i jare i pare. Kao i letelice sa fiksiranim krilima, efikasna je u letu unapred, više nego helikopteri i ostale varijante toga. Za razliku od ostalih letelica sa fiksiranim krilima, ipak može da lebdi, što ima velike prednosti za poletanje i sletanje i svestranost. Na žalost, ne postoji besplatna užina. Jedno od ograničenja sedećih repova je da su podložni smetnjama poput naleta vetra. Razvijamo nove kontrolne arhitekture i algoritme koji će ukloniti ova ograničenja. Ideja je da se letelica oporavi u kakvom god stanju da se nađe, i vremenom, kroz praksu, popravi svoje performanse.
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OK.
Ok.
When doing research, we often ask ourselves fundamental abstract questions that try to get at the heart of a matter. For example, one such question would be, what is the minimum number of moving parts needed for controlled flight? Now, there are practical reasons why you may want to know the answer to such a question. Helicopters, for example, are affectionately known as machines with a thousand moving parts all conspiring to do you bodily harm. It turns out that decades ago, skilled pilots were able to fly remote-controlled aircraft that had only two moving parts: a propeller and a tail rudder. We recently discovered that it could be done with just one.
Kada istražujemo, često sebi postavimo osnovna, sažeta pitanja, koja dolaze u srž materije. Na primer, jedno takvo pitanje bi bilo, koji je najmanji broj pokretnih delova za kontrolisani let? Postoje praktični ralozi zašto bi neko želeo odgovor na takvo pitanje. Helikopteri na primer, poznati su po tome da su mašine sa hiljadu pokretnih delova, koji su u zaveri da vama načine telesne povrede. Ispostavilo se da pre nekoliko decenija stručni piloti su mogli da kontrolišu letelicu na daljinski koja je imala samo dva pokretna dela, propeler i rep kormila. Nedavno smo otkrili da je moguće sa samo jednim.
This is the monospinner, the world's mechanically simplest controllable flying machine, invented just a few months ago. It has only one moving part, a propeller. It has no flaps, no hinges, no ailerons, no other actuators, no other control surfaces, just a simple propeller. Even though it's mechanically simple, there's a lot going on in its little electronic brain to allow it to fly in a stable fashion and to move anywhere it wants in space. Even so, it doesn't yet have the sophisticated algorithms of the tail-sitter, which means that in order to get it to fly, I have to throw it just right. And because the probability of me throwing it just right is very low, given everybody watching me, what we're going to do instead is show you a video that we shot last night.
Ovo je monospiner, mehanički najjednostavnija kontolisana letelica na svetu, izumljena pre samo par meseci. Ima samo jedan pomerajući deo, propeler. Nema klepne, nema šarke, nema krilca, nema druge pogone, ni druge kontrolne površine, samo jednostavni propeler. Iako je mehanički jednostavno, svašta se dešava u njenom malom elektronskom mozgu kako bi mogla da leti mirno i da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru. Ipak i dalje nema sofisticirane algoritme sedećeg repa, što znači, da bi leteo, moram da ga bacim kako treba. Zato što je šansa da ga bacim kako treba mala i svi me gledaju, umesto toga ćemo da vam pokažemo snimak od sinoć.
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If the monospinner is an exercise in frugality, this machine here, the omnicopter, with its eight propellers, is an exercise in excess. What can you do with all this surplus? The thing to notice is that it is highly symmetric. As a result, it is ambivalent to orientation. This gives it an extraordinary capability. It can move anywhere it wants in space irrespective of where it is facing and even of how it is rotating. It has its own complexities, mainly having to do with the interacting flows from its eight propellers. Some of this can be modeled, while the rest can be learned on the fly. Let's take a look.
Ako je monospiner vežba štedljivosti, ova mašina ovde, omnikopter, sa svojih osam propelera je vežba viškova. Šta sve možete sa ovim dodatkom? Stvar koju primećujemo jeste da je jako simetrična. Zato što je ambivalentna orijentaciji. Ovo daje izvanrednu sposobnost. Može da se kreće bilo gde u prostoru. Bez obzira pred čim se susreće, i kako se rotira. Ima svoje složenosti, najviše tok interakcije od svojih osam propelera. Neke mogu da se modeliraju dok se ostale uče pri letu. Hajde da pogledamo.
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If flying machines are going to enter part of our daily lives, they will need to become extremely safe and reliable. This machine over here is actually two separate two-propeller flying machines. This one wants to spin clockwise. This other one wants to spin counterclockwise. When you put them together, they behave like one high-performance quadrocopter. If anything goes wrong, however -- a motor fails, a propeller fails, electronics, even a battery pack -- the machine can still fly, albeit in a degraded fashion. We're going to demonstrate this to you now by disabling one of its halves.
Ukoliko će leteće mašine da postanu naš svakodnevni život, moraće da budu veoma sigurne i pouzdane. Ova mašina ovde, je mašina sa dva zasebna dela sa dva propelera. Ova se vrti u smeru kazaljke. Ova se vrtu suprotno od smera kazaljke na satu. Kada ih spojimo, postanu jedan kvadkopter visokih performansi. Ako nešto krene po zlu, motor se pokvari, propeler, elektronika ili čak i baterija, mašina može i dalje da leti, mada na slabiji način. Sada ćemo vam ovo demonstrirati tako što ćemo onesposobiti jednu polovnu.
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This last demonstration is an exploration of synthetic swarms. The large number of autonomous, coordinated entities offers a new palette for aesthetic expression. We've taken commercially available micro quadcopters, each weighing less than a slice of bread, by the way, and outfitted them with our localization technology and custom algorithms. Because each unit knows where it is in space and is self-controlled, there is really no limit to their number.
Poslednja demonstracija, je istraživanje sintetičkih rojeva. Veliki broj samostalnih, koordiniranih entiteta daju novu paletu estetskog izražaja. Uzeli smo komercijalno dostupne mikro kvadkoptere, inače, svaki težak kao kriška hleba, opremljeni su sa našom tehnologijom lokalizacije i posebnim algoritmima. Svaka jedinica zna gde je u prostoru, i sama sebe kontroliše, pa zaista nema kraja njihovom broju.
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Hopefully, these demonstrations will motivate you to dream up new revolutionary roles for flying machines. That ultrasafe one over there for example has aspirations to become a flying lampshade on Broadway.
Nadamo se da će vas ovo prikazivanje motivisati da više sanjarite o novim revolucionarnim ulogama letelica. Ona ultrasigurna tamo, na primer, ima težnju da postane abažur na Brodveju.
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The reality is that it is difficult to predict the impact of nascent technology. And for folks like us, the real reward is the journey and the act of creation. It's a continual reminder of how wonderful and magical the universe we live in is, that it allows creative, clever creatures to sculpt it in such spectacular ways. The fact that this technology has such huge commercial and economic potential is just icing on the cake.
Realnost je da je teško predvideti uticaj tehnologije koja se rađa. I za ljude poput nas, prava nagrada je put i čin stvaranja. To je neprekidan podsetnik koliko je divan i magičan univerzum u kom živimo, da dozvoljava kreativnim, pametnim stvorenjima da oblikuju u toliko spektakularnih načina. Stvar je da, ova tehnologija ima ogroman komercijalni i ekonomski potencijal i to je samo šlag na torti.
Thank you.
Hvala.
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