M'encaten els arbres, i tenc molta sort, perquè vivim a prop d'un magnífic jardí botànic, i els diumenges, normalment, hi solia anar amb la meva dona i ara, amb la meva filla de quatre anys, i trepem als arbres, juguem a l'amagat. La segona escola a la que vaig anar també tenia grans arbres, tenia un tuliper fantàstic, crec que el més gran del país, i, al seu voltant, també tenia molta vegetació i arbusts magnífics, al voltant dels parcs de joc.
I love trees, and I'm very lucky, because we live near a wonderful arboretum, and Sundays, usually, I'd go there with my wife and now, with my four-year-old, and we'd climb in the trees, we'd play hide and seek. The second school I was at had big trees too, had a fantastic tulip tree, I think it was the biggest in the country, and it also had a lot of wonderful bushes and vegetation around it, around the playing fields.
Un dia, alguns companys de classe, em van agafar i em van portar als arbusts, em van despullar, i em van atacar. Van abusar de mi, i això va surgir del no res. Ara, la raó per la que dic això, és perquè, després, pensava -- bé, vaig tornar a l'escola -- em sentia brut, em sentia traït, em sentia avergonyit, però principalment -- principalment, em sentia impotent, i 30 anys després estava assegut a un avió, al costat d'una senyora que es diu Veronica, que era de Xile, i estàvem fent una gira pels drets humans, i va començar a explicar-me com era ser torturat i des de la meva molt privilegiada posició això era l'únic punt de referència que tenia. I va ser una experiència d'aprenentatge increïble perquè, per mi, els drets humans han set una cosa en la que he tingut, ja sabeu, un interès a temps parcial, però, principalment, era una cosa que passava a la gent d'allí fora.
One day I was grabbed by some of my classmates, and taken in the bushes -- I was stripped; I was attacked; I was abused; and this came out of the blue. Now, the reason I say that, because, afterwards, I was thinking -- well, I went back into the school -- I felt dirty; I felt betrayed; I felt ashamed, but mainly -- mainly, I felt powerless. And 30 years later I was sitting in an airplane, next to a lady called Veronica, who came from Chile, and we were on a human rights tour, and she was starting to tell me what it was like to be tortured, and, from my very privileged position, this was the only reference point that I had. And it was an amazing learning experience because, for me, human rights have been something in which I had, you know, a part-time interest, but, mainly, it was something that happened to other people over there.
Però vaig rebre una trucada del Bono al 1985 i, com ja sabeu, és un gran cantant, però és un magnífic engalipador, i --
But I got a phone call from Bono in 1985 and, as you know, he's a great singer, but he's a magnificent hustler, and --
(Rialles)
(Laughter) --
i un home a qui és molt difícil dir no, i ell em deia, just després de que jo hagués fet la cançó Biko, "anem a fer una gira per Amnistia, has de participar-hi", i, realment, aquella era la primera vegada que jo sortia i començava a conèixer a gent que havia vist com assessinaven la seva família davant seu, i com algun company seu havia set tirat a l'oceà des d'un avió, i, de sobte, aquest món de drets humans va arrivar al meu món, i, realment, no podia allunyar-me tal i com ho havia fet abans.
a very hard guy to say no to, and he was saying, you know, just after I'd done the Biko song, we're going to do a tour for Amnesty, you have to be on it, and really that was the first time that I'd been out and started meeting people who'd watched their family being shot in front of them, who'd had a partner thrown out of an airplane into an ocean, and suddenly this world of human rights arrived in my world, and I couldn't really walk away in quite the same way as before.
Així que em vaig involucrar en aquesta gira per Amnistia, i, llavors, al '88, vaig agafar el càrrec del Bono intentant aprendre com engalicar. No ho vaig fer igual de bé, però vaig aconseguir que Youssou N'Dour, Sting, Tracy Chapman, i Bruce Sprinsteen s'unissin per donar la volta al món per Amnistia, i va ser una experiència espectacular. I, un cop més, vaig rebre una ensenyança extraordinària, i, en realitat, va ser la primera vegada que coneixeria molta gent de diversos països, i aquestes històries de drets humans es van fer molt reals, i, un cop més, realment, no podia allunyar-me de tot això amb comoditat.
So I got involved with this tour, which was for Amnesty, and then in '88 I took over Bono's job trying to learn how to hustle. I didn't do it as well, but we managed to get Youssou N'Dour, Sting, Tracy Chapman, and Bruce Springsteen to go 'round the world for Amnesty, and it was an amazing experience. And, once again, I got an extraordinary education, and it was the first time, really, that I'd met a lot of these people in the different countries, and these human rights stories became very physical, and, again, I couldn't really walk away quite so comfortably.
Però el que em va semblar sorprenent, del que no en tenia ni idea, va ser que es pogués patir d'aquesta manera i, després, que tota aquella experiència, la teva història, fos negada, enterrada i oblidada. I semblava que sempre que hi havia una càmara pel voltant, o un vídeo o càmara fotogràfica, era molt més difícil de fer, per aquells amb el poder, enterrar la història. I Reebok va establir una fundació en conseqüència d'aquesta campanya 'Human Rights Now' i llavors es va prendre una decisió -- bé, vàrem fer una proposició, per un parell d'anys, per intentar fundar una divisió que anava a donar càmares a activistes dels drets humans. No vaig aconseguir gaire, i, llavors, va passar l'incident amb el Rodney King, i la gent va pensar, bé, si teniu una càmara al lloc i temps just, o potser, al moment equivocat, depèn de quí siguis, llavors, pots començar a fer alguna cosa, fent campanya, siguent escoltat, i diguent-li a la gent el que està passant.
But the thing that really amazed me, that I had no idea, was that you could suffer in this way and then have your whole experience, your story, denied, buried and forgotten. And it seemed that whenever there was a camera around, or a video or film camera, it was a great deal harder to do -- for those in power to bury the story. And Reebok set up a foundation after these Human Rights Now tours and there was a decision then -- well, we made a proposal, for a couple of years, about trying to set up a division that was going to give cameras to human rights activists. It didn't really get anywhere, and then the Rodney King incident happened, and people thought, OK, if you have a camera in the right place at the right time, or, perhaps, the wrong time, depending who you are, then you can actually start doing something, and campaigning, and being heard, and telling people about what's going on.
Així es va iniciar Witness (Testimoni) al 1992 i, des de llavors, ha donat càmares a més de 60 països. I fem campanya amb grups activistes, i els ajudem a contar la seva història, i , de fet, en un moment els hi ensenyaré una de les campanyes més recents, i em temo que és una història d'Uganda, i tot i que ahir varem tenir una història meravellosa d'Uganda, aquesta no ho és tan. I al nord d'Uganda, hi ha al voltant d'un milió i mig de desplaçats interns, gent que no són refugiats a un altre país, però que degut a la guerra civil, que ja fa uns 20 anys que dura, no tenen on viure. I 20.000 nens han set arrabassats per ser reclutats com soldats, I el Tribunal Penal Internacional va al darrera de cinc dels líders de -- com es diu? Se m'oblida el nom d'aquest exèrcit, és crec, Lord's Resistence Army (Exèrcit de Resistència del Senyor), però el govern tampoc està net, així que si podem posar el primer video.
So, WITNESS was started in '92 and it's since given cameras out in over 60 countries. And we campaign with activist groups and help them tell their story and, in fact, I will show you in a moment one of the most recent campaigns, and I'm afraid it's a story from Uganda, and, although we had a wonderful story from Uganda yesterday, this one isn't quite so good. In the north of Uganda, there are something like 1.5 million internally displaced people, people who are not refugees in another country, but because of the civil war, which has been going on for about 20 years, they have nowhere to live. And 20,000 kids have been taken away to become child soldiers, and the International Criminal Court is going after five of the leaders of the -- now, what's it called? I forget the name of the of the army -- it's Lord's Resistance Army, I believe -- but the government, also, doesn't have a clean sheet, so if we could run the first video.
(Música) Dona: La vida al camp mai és simple. Fins i tot avui és difícil. Ens quedem per por de que el mateix que ens va desplaçar al camp... encara existeixi a casa. Texte: "Entre dos focs: Tortura i Desplaçament al Nord d'Uganda". Home: "Quan estàvem a casa, eren els soldats rebels de'n Kony qui ens molestaven. Al principi, estàvem segurs dins del camp. Però més tard, els soldats del govern varen començar a maltractar-nos bastant.
(Music) Woman: Life in the camp is never simple. Even today life is difficult. We stay because of the fear that what pushed us into the camp ... still exists back home. Text: "Between Two Fires: Torture and Displacement in Northern Uganda" Man: When we were at home, it was Kony's [rebel] soldiers disturbing us. At first, we were safe in the camp. But later the government soldiers began mistreating us a lot.
(Càntics) Jennifer: Un soldat se'ns va apropar al carrer, preguntant on havíem estat. L'Evelyn i jo ens vàrem amagar al darrere de ma mare. Evelyn: "Ens va ordenar que ens asseguéssim, així que vàrem seure. També va venir un altre soldat. Jennifer: L'home va venir i va començar a despullar-me. L'altre va agafar l'Evelyn i se la va emportar fora. El que em va violar, després va marxar a violar l'Evelyn. I el que havia violat a l'Evelyn llavors va venir i em va violar a mi també. Home: Els soldats, ens pegaren, amb garrots així de llargs, per obtenir una confessió. No fèien més que repetir, "Digueu la veritat" al mateix temps que ens apallissaven. Dona: Varen insistir en que jo mentia. En aquell mateix moment, em varen disparar i em varen volar els dits. Vaig caure. Ells varen còrrer per unir-se als altres...donant-me per morta.
(Chanting) Jennifer: A soldier walked onto the road, asking where we'd been. Evelyn and I hid behind my mother. Evelyn: He ordered us to sit down, so we sat down. The other soldier also came. Jennifer: The man came and started undressing me. The other one carried Evelyn aside. The one who was defiling me then left me and went to rape Evelyn. And the one who was raping Evelyn came and defiled me also. Man: The soldiers with clubs this long beat us to get a confession. They kept telling us, "Tell the truth!" as they beat us. Woman: They insisted that I was lying. At that moment, they fired and shot off my fingers. I fell. They ran to join the others ... leaving me for dead.
(Música) Text: Uganda va aprovar la Convenció en contra de la tortura al 1986. La tortura està definida com a qualsevol acte pel qual el dolor sever de patiment, ja sigui físic o mental, és administrat per una persona que actua dins un marc oficial, per obtenir informació o una confessió, per disciplinar, presionar o intimidar.
(Music) Text: Uganda ratified the Convention Against Torture in 1986. Torture is defined as any act by which severe pain of suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted by a person acting in an official capacity to obtain information or a confession, to punish, coerce or intimidate.
Peter Gabriel: Així que la tortura no és una cosa que només passi a altres terres Al meu país, vàrem estar mirant fotografies de soldats britànics apallissant joves iraquís, tenim Abu Ghraib, tenim La badia de Guantánamo, i jo vaig tenir un xòfer de camí a l'aeroport de Newark. I em va contar una història, a mitja nit, a les 4 de la matinada, se l'havien emportat de casa seva a Queens -- l'havien portat a un lloc al Mig Oest, l'havien interrogat i torturat, i tornat al carrer 4 setmanes més tard, perquè tenia el mateix nom -- era del Mig Orient, i tenia el mateix nom que un dels pilots de vol de l'11S I això potser és veritat o no, però a mi no em va semblar que fos un mentider.
Peter Gabriel: So torture is not something that always happens on other soil. In my country, it was -- we had been looking at pictures of British soldiers beating up young Iraqis; we've got Abu Ghraib; we've got Guantanamo Bay. I had a driver on my way to Newark Airport, and he told me a story that, in the middle of the night, 4 a.m., he'd been taken out of his home in Queens -- taken to a place in the Midwest, that he was interrogated and tortured and returned to the street four weeks later, because he had the same -- he was Middle Eastern, and he had the same name as one of the 9/11 pilots, and that may or may not be true -- I didn't think he was a liar, though.
I, jo crec, que si miram al món, així com a les capes de gel polars derretint-se, els drets humans, pels que s'ha lluitat per moltíssims anys en alguns casos, també s'estan erosionant molt ràpidament, i, això és una cosa que necessitem mirar i potser, començar a fer-li campanya. És a dir, aquí també, un dels nostres afiliats, estava en el projecte de Van Jones, Books Not Bars (Llibres no Reixes), ells van lograr, amb el seu metratge a California, canviar els correccionals de menors, i es busquen mètodes, crec, molt, molt més humans sobre com s'hauria d'empresonar als joves, i això, per començar, és questionable, i com la història del senyor Morales, just al carrer, "perdoni Mr. Gabriel, l'importaria si retardéssim la seva execució una mica?" "No, en absolut, cap problema, prengui's el seu temps." Però això, sense dubte, sigui qui sigui, hagi fet el que hagi fet, això és un càstig cruel i inusual.
And, I think, if we look around the world, as well as the polar ice caps melting, human rights, which have been fought for, for many hundreds of years in some cases, are, also, eroding very fast, and that is something that we need to take a look at and, maybe, start campaigning for. I mean, here, too, one of our partners was at Van Jones and the Books Not Bars project -- they have managed, with their footage in California to change the youth correction systems employed, and it's much -- much -- I think, more humane methods are being looked at, how you should lock up young kids, and that's questionable to start off. And as the story of Mr. Morales, just down the road, excuse me, Mr. Gabriel, would you mind if we delayed your execution a little bit? No, not at all, no problem, take your time. But this, surely, whoever that man is, whatever he's done, this is cruel and unusual punishment.
Bé, en tot cas, Witness intenta armar a la gent valenta, qui, sovint, arrisquen la seva vida, per tot el món, amb càmares, i m'agradaria ensenyar-lis una mica més sobre això. Gràcies.
Anyway, WITNESS has been trying to arm the brave people who often put their lives at risk around the world, with cameras, and I'd like to show you just a little more of that. Thank you.
(Trons) Texte: Poden dir que una història ha set fabricada.
(Thunder) Text: You can say a story is fabricated.
(Música) Texte: Poden dir que un jurat és corrupte. Poden dir que una persona està mentint. Poden dir que no se'n refien dels periòdics. Però no poden dir que el que acaven de veure mai va passar. Ajudin a WITNESS a donar càmares al món. Gravin un vídeo, exposin la injustícia, revelin la veritat, ensenyi'ns el que no va bé al món i potser podem ajudar a canviar-ho per bé WITNESS Tot el video que acaben de veure va ser filmat per grups de drets humans que treballen amb WITNESS
(Music) Text: You can say a jury is corrupt. You can say a person is lying. You can say you don't trust newspapers. But you can't say what you just saw never happened. Help WITNESS give cameras to the world. Shoot a video; expose injustice; reveal the truth; show us what's wrong with the world; and maybe we can help make it right. WITNESS. All the video you have just seen was recorded by human rights groups working with WITNESS.
(Aplaudiment)
(Applause)
PG: WITNESS va néixer de la innovació tecnològica, d'alguna manera la petita càmara de DV portàtil va ser, realment, el que va permetre que es fes realitat. I també hem estat intentant aconseguir ordinadors pel món, i així els diferents grups es poden comunicar de manera més efectiva, fer campanya de manera més efectiva, però ara, tenim la meravellosa possibilitat, que ens donen els telèfons mòbils amb càmara incorporada, perquè aquests són barats, són ubics, i s'estan moguent ràpidament a tot el món, i això, per a nosaltres, és molt emocionant.
PG: WITNESS was born of technological innovation -- in a sense the small, portable, DV cam was really what allowed it to come into being. And we've also been trying to get computers out to the world, so that groups can communicate much more effectively, campaign much more effectively, but now we have the wonderful possibility, which is given to us from the mobile phone with the camera in it, because that is cheap; it's ubiquitous; and it's moving fast all around the world -- and it's very exciting for us.
Així que el somni és que poguem tenir un món en el que qualsevol persona que hagi patit experiències com aquestes, tingui l'oportunitat de que la seva història sigui pujada a internet, sigui vista, que sàpiguen que poden ser escoltats; que pugui haver-hi una web gegant, potser, com un petit Google Earth, i un podria saber les realitats del que està passant, i un podria saber les realitats del que està passant, el que aquesta tecnologia està permetent és, que molts dels problemes del món puguin tenir una cara humana, que poguem veure exactement quí està morint de SIDA, o quí està sent apallissat, per primera vegada, i podem escoltar les seves històries d'una manera en la que la cultura de blog -- si es que podem moure això dins d'aquests camps, jo crec que podem transformar el món de moltes maneres. Podria haver un nou moviment creixent, alçant-se del terra, arribant a la llum i creixent fort, com un arbre. Gràcies.
And so, the dream is that we could have a world in which anyone who has anything bad happen to them of this sort has a chance of getting their story uploaded, being seen, being watched, that they really know that they can be heard, that there would be a giant website, maybe, a little like Google Earth, and you could fly over and find out the realities of what's going, for the world's inhabitants. In a way what this technology is allowing is, really, that a lot of the problems of the world can have a human face, that we can actually see who's dying of AIDS or who's being beaten up, for the first time, and we can hear their stories in a way that the blogger culture -- if we can move that into these sort of fields, I think we can really transform the world in all sorts of ways. There could be a new movement growing up, rising from the ground, reaching for the light, and growing strong, just like a tree. Thank you.