So what if I could make for you a designer baby? What if you as a parent-to-be and I as a scientist decided to go down that road together?
Šta kad bih mogao da vam napravim dizajniranu bebu? Šta kad bi ste vi kao budući roditelj, i ja kao naučnik, odlučili da zajedno krenemo tim putem?
What if we didn't? What if we thought, "That's a bad idea," but many of our family, friends and coworkers did make that decision?
Šta ako ne bismo? Šta ako bismo mislili: "To je loša ideja", ali mnogi iz naše porodice, naši prijatelji i kolege su doneli tu odluku?
Let's fast-forward just 15 years from now. Let's pretend it's the year 2030, and you're a parent. You have your daughter, Marianne, next to you, and in 2030, she is what we call a natural because she has no genetic modifications. And because you and your partner consciously made that decision, many in your social circle, they kind of look down on you. They think you're, like, a Luddite or a technophobe.
Premotajmo samo 15 godina unapred. Pretvarajmo se da je 2030. godina i vi ste roditelj. Vaša kćerka Marijana je pored vas, a 2030. ona je ono što bismo nazvali prirodnim jer nema genetske modifikacije. A zato što ste vi i vaš partner svesno doneli tu odluku, mnogi iz vašeg društvenog kruga vas gledaju s nipodaštavanjem. Smatraju vas luditom ili tehnofobom.
Marianne's best friend Jenna, who lives right next door, is a very different story. She was born a genetically modified designer baby with numerous upgrades. Yeah. Upgrades. And these enhancements were introduced using a new genetic modification technology that goes by the funny name CRISPR, you know, like something's crisp, this is CRISPR. The scientist that Jenna's parents hired to do this for several million dollars introduced CRISPR into a whole panel of human embryos. And then they used genetic testing, and they predicted that that little tiny embryo, Jenna's embryo, would be the best of the bunch. And now, Jenna is an actual, real person. She's sitting on the carpet in your living room playing with your daughter Marianne. And your families have known each other for years now, and it's become very clear to you that Jenna is extraordinary. She's incredibly intelligent. If you're honest with yourself, she's smarter than you, and she's five years old. She's beautiful, tall, athletic, and the list goes on and on. And in fact, there's a whole new generation of these GM kids like Jenna. And so far it looks like they're healthier than their parents' generation, than your generation. And they have lower health care costs. They're immune to a host of health conditions, including HIV/AIDS and genetic diseases.
Marijanina najbolja prijateljica Džena, koja živi u komšiluku, je potpuno druga priča. Rođena je kao genetski modifikovana dizajnerska beba s brojnim unapređenjima. Da. Unapređenjima. A ova poboljšanja su uvedena upotrebom nove tehnologije za genetske modifikacije koja ima zabavno ime CRISPR, znate kao nešto "crisp" [sveže], ovo je CRISPR [svežije]. Naučnici, koje su Dženini roditelji unajmili da ovo urade za nekoliko miliona dolara, uveli su CRISPR u čitav niz ljudskih embriona. I koristili su genetska testiranja i predvideli da će taj sićušni embrion, Dženin embrion, biti najbolji iz gomile. I sada, Džena je stvarna, prava osoba. Sedi na tepihu u vašem dnevnom boravku i igra se sa vašom kćerkom Marijanom. Vaše porodice se poznaju godinama, i prilično vam je jasno da je Džena izvanredna. Veoma je inteligentna. Ako ćete da budete iskreni prema sebi, pametnija je od vas, a pet joj je godina. Lepa je, visoka, atletske građe i spisak je sve duži. I zapravo imamo čitavu novu generaciju GM dece poput Džene. I zasad se čini da su zdraviji od generacije njihovih roditelja, od vaše generacije. I imaju niže zdravstvene troškove. Imuni su na veliki broj zdravstevnih stanja, uključujući HIV/AIDS i genetske bolesti.
It all sounds so great, but you can't help but have this sort of unsettling feeling, a gut feeling, that there's something just not quite right about Jenna, and you've had the same feeling about other GM kids that you've met. You were also reading in the newspaper earlier this week that a study of these children who were born as designer babies indicates they may have some issues, like increased aggressiveness and narcissism. But more immediately on your mind is some news that you just got from Jenna's family. She's so smart, she's now going to be going to a special school, a different school than your daughter Marianne, and this is kind of throwing your family into a disarray. Marianne's been crying, and last night when you took her to bed to kiss her goodnight, she said, "Daddy, will Jenna even be my friend anymore?"
Sve to zvuči sjajno, ali ne možete a da ne osećate nespokoj, instinktivno osećanje da nešto prosto nije kako treba kod Džene i imali ste isti osećaj o drugoj GM deci koju ste upoznali. Takođe ste čitali u novinama ranije ove nedelje da istraživanje ove dece, koja su rođena kao dizajnirane bebe, nagoveštava da imaju neke probleme, poput naglašene agresivnosti i narcisoidnosti. Ali svežije su vam u mislima neke vesti koje ste upravo čuli od Dženine porodice. Toliko je pametna da će sada pohađati specijalnu školu, različitu školu nego vaša kćerka Marijana, i to na neki način izbacuje vašu porodicu iz ravnoteže. Marijana plače, a sinoć kad ste je uspavljivali i ljubili za laku noć, pitala je: "Tata, hoće li mi Džena uopšte više biti prijateljica?"
So now, as I've been telling you this imagined 2030 story, I have a feeling that I may have put some of you into this sci-fi frame of reference. Right? You think you're reading a sci-fi book. Or maybe, like, in Halloween mode of thinking. But this is really a possible reality for us, just 15 years from now.
Sad, kako sam vam pričao ovu zamišljenu priču iz 2030, imam osećaj da sam neke od vas smestio u naučnofantastični okvir. Je li tako? Mislite da čitate naučnofantastičnu knjigu. Ili, pak, razmišljate u smeru Noći veštica. Ali ovo je zaista naša moguća stvarnost, svega 15 godina od sad.
I'm a stem cell and genetics researcher and I can see this new CRISPR technology and its potential impact. And we may find ourselves in that reality, and a lot will depend on what we decide to do today. And if you're still kind of thinking in sci-fi mode, consider that the world of science had a huge shock earlier this year, and the public largely doesn't even know about it. Researchers in China just a few months ago reported the creation of genetically modified human embryos. This was the first time in history. And they did it using this new CRISPR technology. It didn't work perfectly, but I still think they sort of cracked the door ajar on a Pandora's box here. And I think some people are going to run with this technology and try to make designer babies.
Ja sam istraživač matičnih ćelija i genetike i razumem novu CRISPR tehnologiju i njen potencijalni uticaj. I možemo se zateći u toj stvarnosti i mnogo će zavisiti od toga šta odlučimo danas. A ako i dalje razmišljate u naučnofantastičnom smeru, razmotrite da je svet nauke poprilično zatečen ranije ove godine, a javnost uglavnom pojma nema o tome. Istraživači iz Kine, pre svega nekoliko meseci, izvestili su da su stvorili genetski modifikovane ljudske embrione. Ovo se desilo prvi put u istoriji. A postigli su to upotrebom nove CRISPR tehnologije. Nije savršeno funkcionisalo, ali i dalje smatram da su time odškrinuli vrata Pandorine kutije. I mislim da će se neki ljudi voditi ovom tehnologijom i pokušaće da dizajniraju bebe.
Now, before I go on, some of you may hold up your hands and say, "Stop, Paul, wait a minute. Wouldn't that be illegal? You can't just go off and create a designer baby." And in fact, to some extent, you're right. In some countries, you couldn't do that. But in many other countries, including my country, the US, there's actually no law on this, so in theory, you could do it. And there was another development this year that resonates in this area, and that happened not so far from here over in the UK. And the UK traditionally has been the strictest country when it comes to human genetic modification. It was illegal there, but just a few months ago, they carved out an exception to that rule. They passed a new law allowing the creation of genetically modified humans with the noble goal of trying to prevent a rare kind of genetic disease. But still I think in combination these events are pushing us further towards an acceptance of human genetic modification.
Sad, pre nego što nastavim, neki od vas će da podignu ruke i kažu: "Stani, Pol, čekaj malo. Zar to ne bi bilo nezakonito? Ne možeš prosto da se zaputiš i stvoriš dizajniranu bebu." I zapravo ste donekle u pravu. U nekim državama to ne možete da uradite. Ali u mnogim drugim državama, uključujući moju državu, SAD, zapravo ne postoji zakon o ovome, pa u teoriji, mogli biste to da uradite. A desio se još jedan razvoj ove godine koji se odrazio na ovu oblast, a to se desilo nedaleko odavde, u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu. A Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo je tradicionalno bila najstroža država kada se radi o genetskim modifikacijama ljudi. Tamo je to bilo nezakonito, ali pre samo nekoliko meseci, napravili su izuzetak tom pravilu. Usvojili su novi zakon, koji dozvoljava stvaranje genetski modifikovanih ljudi s plemenitim ciljem pokušaja da se spreče retki oblici genetskih bolesti. Ali i dalje smatram da nas kombinacija ovih događaja pomera sve bliže ka prihvatanju ljudskih genetskih modifikacija.
So I've been talking about this CRISPR technology. What actually is CRISPR? So if you think about the GMOs that we're all more familiar with, like GMO tomatoes and wheat and things like that, this technology is similar to the technologies that were used to make those, but it's dramatically better, cheaper and faster.
Dakle, govorio sam o toj tehnologiji CRISPR. Šta je zapravo CRISPR? Pa, ako razmišljate o GMO koji nam je svima poznatiji, poput GMO paradajza i pšenice i sličnih stvari, ova tehnologija je slična tehnologijama koje koristimo da njih napravimo, ali je drastično bolja, jeftinija i brža.
So what is it? It's actually like a genetic Swiss army knife. We can pretend this is a Swiss army knife with different tools in it, and one of the tools is kind of like a magnifying glass or a GPS for our DNA, so it can home in on a certain spot. And the next tool is like scissors that can cut the DNA right in that spot. And finally we have a pen where we can literally rewrite the genetic code in that location. It's really that simple.
Pa, šta je to? To je poput genetskog švajcarskog vojničkog noža. Možemo da se pretvaramo da je to švajcarski nož koji sadrži različite alate, a jedan od tih alata je nalik lupi ili GPS za naš DNK, dakle, može da se smesti u određenoj tački. A sledeći alat je poput makaza koje mogu da seku DNK baš u toj tački. I naposletku imamo olovku kojom bukvalno možemo da nanovo ispišemo genetski kôd na toj lokaciji. Zaista je tako jednostavno.
And this technology, which came on the scene just three years ago, has taken science by storm. It's evolving so fast, and it's so freaking exciting to scientists, and I admit I'm fascinated by it and we use it in my own lab, that I think someone is going to go that extra step and continue the GM human embryo work and maybe make designer babies. This is so ubiquitous now. It just came on the scene three years ago. Thousands of labs literally have this in hand today, and they're doing important research. Most of them are not interested in designer babies. They're studying human disease and other important elements of science. So there's a lot of good research going on with CRISPR. And the fact that we can now do genetic modifications that used to take years and cost millions of dollars in a few weeks for a couple thousand bucks, to me as a scientist that's fantastic, but again, at the same time, it opens the door to people going too far. And I think for some people the focus is not going to be so much on science. That's not what's going to be driving them. It's going to be ideology or the chase for a profit. And they're going to go for designer babies.
A ova tehnologija, koja se pojavila pre samo tri godine, iznenadila je nauku. Toliko brzo se razvija, i tako je prokleto uzbudljiva naučnicima, i ja priznajem da me fascinira i koristimo je u našoj laboratoriji, da mislim kako će neko da ode korak dalje i da nastavi rad na genetskoj modifikaciji ljudskog embriona i možda će da naprave dizajnirane bebe. Trenutno je to toliko sveprisutno. Tek se pojavilo pre tri godine. Trenutno hiljade laboratorija ovo bukvalno imaju pri ruci i bave se važnim istraživanjem. Većinu njih ne interesuje dizajniranje beba. Izučavaju ljudske bolesti i druge važne elemente nauke. Dakle, mnogo se važnog istraživanja sprovodi CRIPR-om. A činjenica da trenutno možemo da radimo genetske modifikacije, koje su nekad trajale godinama i koštale milione dolara, za nekoliko nedelja za nekoliko hiljada dolara, meni kao naučniku je fantastična, ali opet, istovremeno, otvara prostor ljudima da odu predaleko. I mislim da se neki ljudi neće usredsređivati toliko na nauku. Neće ih nauka pokretati. Pokretaće ih ideologija ili jurenje za novcem. I posegnuće za dizajniranjem beba.
So why should we be concerned about this? We know from Darwin, if we go back two centuries, that evolution and genetics profoundly have impacted humanity, who we are today. And some think there's like a social Darwinism at work in our world, and maybe even a eugenics as well. Imagine those trends, those forces, with a booster rocket of this CRISPR technology that is so powerful and so ubiquitous. And in fact, we can just go back one century to the last century to see the power that eugenics can have.
Pa, zašto bi trebalo da budemo zabrinuti zbog ovoga? Znamo od Darvina, ako se vratimo dva veka unazad, da su evolucija i genetika istinski uticali na čovečanstvo, na to ko smo danas. A neki smatraju da se dešava nešto poput društvenog darvinizma u našem svetu, a možda čak i eugenika. Zamislite te trendove, te sile, sa raketnim pogonom ove CRISPR tehnologije koja je toliko moćna i sveprisutna. I zapravo, dovoljno je da se vratimo jedan vek u prošli vek kako bismo videli moć eugenike.
So my father, Peter Knoepfler, was actually born right here in Vienna. He was Viennese, and he was born here in 1929. And when my grandparents had little baby Peter, the world was very different. Right? It was a different Vienna. The United States was different. The world was different. There was a eugenics rising, and my grandparents realized, pretty quickly I think, that they were on the wrong side of the eugenics equation. And so despite this being their home and their whole extended family's home, and this area being their family's home for generations, they decided because of eugenics that they had to leave. And they survived, but they were heartbroken, and I'm not sure my dad ever really got over leaving Vienna. He left when he was just eight years old in 1938.
Moj otac, Piter Nofler, je rođen baš ovde u Beču. Bio je Bečlija i rođen je ovde 1929. A kada su moji baka i deka dobili malenu bebu Pitera, svet je bio drugačiji. Je li tako? Bio je to neki drugi Beč. SAD su bile drugačije. Svet je bio drugačiji. Eugenika je bila u usponu i moji baka i deka su shvatili, verujem veoma brzo, da su na pogrešnoj strani eugeničke jednačine. I uprkos tome što je ovo bio njihov dom i dom njihove čitave šire porodice, a ova oblast je generacijama bila dom njihovoj porodici, odlučili su da zbog eugenike moraju da odu. I preživeli su, ali slomljenog srca i nisam siguran da je moj otac ikad prežalio odlazak iz Beča. Otišao je kad mu je bilo tek osam godina 1938.
So today, I see a new eugenics kind of bubbling to the surface. It's supposed to be a kinder, gentler, positive eugenics, different than all that past stuff. But I think even though it's focused on trying to improve people, it could have negative consequences, and it really worries me that some of the top proponents of this new eugenics, they think CRISPR is the ticket to make it happen.
Stoga danas vidim novu eugeniku kako izranja na površinu. Trebalo bi da bude plemenitija, nežnija, pozitivna eugenika, drugačija od svega toga iz prošlosti. Ali smatram da iako je usredsređena na pokušavanje da poboljša ljude, mogla bi da ima negativne posledice i zaista me brine što neki od najvećih zagovornika ove nove eugenike smatraju da je CRISPR karta za njeno ostvarivanje.
So I have to admit, you know, eugenics, we talk about making better people. It's a tough question. What is better when we're talking about a human being? But I admit I think maybe a lot of us could agree that human beings, maybe we could use a little betterment. Look at our politicians here, you know, back in the US -- God forbid we go there right now. Maybe even if we just look in the mirror, there might be ways we think we could be better. I might wish, honestly, that I had more hair here, instead of baldness. Some people might wish they were taller, have a different weight, a different face. If we could do those things, we could make those things happen, or we could make them happen in our children, it would be very seductive. And yet coming with it would be these risks. I talked about eugenics, but there would be risks to individuals as well. So if we forget about enhancing people and we just try to make them healthier using genetic modification, this technology is so new and so powerful, that by accident we could make them sicker. That easily could happen. And there's another risk, and that is that all of the legitimate, important genetic modification research going on just in the lab -- again, no interest in designer babies -- a few people going the designer baby route, things go badly, that entire field could be damaged.
Pa, moram da priznam, znate, eugenika, govorimo o unapređenju ljudi. To je teško pitanje. Šta je bolje kad govorimo o ljudskim bićima? Ali priznajem da smatram da možda mnogi od nas bi mogli da se slože da bi ljudskim bićima godilo malo poboljšanja. Pogledajte naše političare ovde, znate, tamo u SAD-u - Ne daj bože da sad pođemo tamo. Možda ako samo pogledamo u ogledalo, moguće da bismo otkrili vidove da se popravimo. Možda bih poželeo, iskreno, da imam više kose ovde, umesto ćelavosti. Neki ljudi bi poželeli da su viši, da imaju drugačiju težinu, drugačije lice. Ako bismo mogli to da uradimo, ako bismo mogli sve to da ostvarimo ili bismo to mogli da ostvarimo kod naše dece, to bi bilo primamljivo. A ipak, uz to bi išli sledeći rizici. Govorio sam o eugenici, ali postojali bi rizici i po pojedince. Dakle, ako bismo zaboravili na unapređivanje ljudi i samo pokušali da ih napravimo zdravijim upotrebom genetskih modifikacija, ova tehnologija je toliko nova i toliko moćna da bismo slučajno mogli da ih napravimo bolesnijima. To bi lako moglo da se desi. A tu je i drugi rizik, a to je da sve legitimno, važno istraživanje genetskih modifikacija se dešava samo u laboratoriji - opet, bez zainteresovanosti za dizajniranje beba - ako bi nekoliko ljudi krenulo putem dizajniranja beba, a stvari bi krenule po zlu, čitava oblast bi ispaštala.
I also think it's not that unlikely that governments might start taking an interest in genetic modification. So for example our imagined GM Jenna child who is healthier, if there's a generation that looks like they have lower health care costs, it's possible that governments may start trying to compel their citizens to go the GM route. Look at China's one-child policy. It's thought that that prevented the birth of 400 million human beings. So it's not beyond the realm of possible that genetic modification could be something that governments push. And if designer babies become popular, in our digital age -- viral videos, social media -- what if designer babies are thought to be fashionable, and they kind of become the new glitterati, the new Kardashians or something?
Takođe smatram da nije nemoguće da bi vlade mogle početi da se interesuju za genetske modifikacije. Pa, na primer, naše zamišljeno GM dete, Džena, koje je zdravije, ako postoji generacija za koju se čini da ima niže troškove zdravstvene nege, moguće je da vlade mogu da počnu da sile svoje građane da krenu GM putem. Pogledajte politiku jednog deteta u Kini. Smatra se da je sprečila rođenje 400 miliona ljudskih bića. Stoga nije u sferi nemogućeg da bi genetske modifikacije mogle da budu nešto što vlade guraju. A ako dizajnirane bebe postanu popularne, u našem digitalnom dobu - popularnih snimaka, društvenih mreža - šta ako bi se smatralo da su dizajnirane bebe moderne, i one postanu neka vrsta novog glamura, novi Kardašijanovi ili slično?
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
You know, are those trends that we really could control? I'm not convinced that we could.
Znate, jesu li to trendovi koje bi zaista mogli da kontrolišemo? Nisam ubeđen da jesu.
So again, today it's Halloween and when we talk about genetic modification, there's one Halloween-associated character that is talked about or invoked more than anything else, and that is Frankenstein. Mostly that's been Frankenfoods and all this other stuff. But if we think about this now and we think about it in the human context on a day like Halloween, if parents can in essence costume their children genetically, are we going to be talking about a Frankenstein 2.0 kind of situation? I don't think so. I don't think it's going to get to that extreme. But when we are going about hacking the human code, I think all bets are off in terms of what might come of that. There would still be dangers. And we can look in the past to other elements of transformative science and see how they can basically go out of control and permeate society.
Dakle, opet, danas je Noć veštica i kada govorimo o genetskim modifikacijama, pstoji jedan lik u vezi sa Noći veštica o kom se govori i koji se priziva više od bilo čega drugog, a to je Frankenštajn. Najčešće je to bila frankenhrana i razne druge stvari. Ali ako razmislimo danas o tome i razmislimo o tome u ljudskom kontekstu na dan poput Noći veštica, ako roditelji u suštini mogu da genetski kostimiraju svoju decu, da li ćemo da govorimo o nekoj vrsti situacije Frankenštajn 2.0? Ne verujem. Ne verujem da će ići toliko daleko. Ali kada se bavimo cepkanjem ljudskog kôda, mislim da sve opklade otpadaju, u smislu šta bi moglo proizaći iz toga. I dalje bi postojala opasnost. Možemo da pogledamo u prošlost druge elemente preobražajne nauke i da vidimo kako su se u suštini otrgli kontroli i kako su proželi društvo.
So I'll just give you one example, and that is in vitro fertilization. Almost exactly 40 years ago, test tube baby number one Louise Brown was born, and that's a great thing, and I think since then five million IVF babies have been born, bringing immeasurable happiness. A lot of parents now can love those kids. But if you think about it, in four decades, five million babies being born from a new technology is pretty remarkable, and the same kind of thing could happen with human genetic modification and designer babies. So depending on the decisions we make in the next few months, the next year or so, if designer baby number one is born, within a few decades, there could well be millions of genetically modified humans. And there's a difference there too, because if we, you in the audience, or I, if we decide to have a designer baby, then their children will also be genetically modified, and so on, because it's heritable. So that's a big difference.
Daću vam samo jedan primer, a to je vantelesna oplodnja. Pre skoro tačno 40 godina, rođena je prva beba iz tube, Luiza Braun, a to je sjajna stvar, i mislim da je od tada pet miliona beba rođeno vantelesnom oplodnjom, donele su bezmernu radost. Mnogi roditelji sad mogu da vole tu decu. Ali ako razmislite o tome, za četiri decenije, pet miliona beba rođenih zahvaljujući novoj tehnologiji je prilično izvanredno, a isto bi moglo da se desi s genetskim modifikacijama ljudi i dizajniranjem beba. Pa, u zavisnosti od odluka koje donesemo u narednih nekoliko meseci, u narednih godinu dana, ako se rodi prva dizajnirana beba u narednih par decenija, moglo bi da dođe do miliona genetski modifikovanih ljudi. A tu imamo i razliku, jer ako mi, vi u publici ili ja, ako odlučimo da imamo dizajniranu bebu, onda će i njihova deca da budu genetski modifikovana itd. jer je to nasledno. Dakle, to je velika razlika.
So with all of this in mind, what should we do? There's actually going to be a meeting a month from tomorrow in Washington, D.C. by the US National Academy of Sciences to tackle that exact question. What is the right path forward with human genetic modification? I believe at this time we need a moratorium. We have to ban this. We should not allow creating genetically modified people, because it's just too dangerous and too unpredictable. But there's a lot of people --
Pa, imajući sve ovo na umu, šta da radimo? Zapravo će da dođe do sastanka za mesec dana od sutra u Vašingtonu, od strane Nacionalne akademija nauke SAD-a kako bi se bavili tim pitanjem. Koji je pravi put napred po pitanju ljudskih genetskih modifikacija? Verujem da nam trenutno treba moratorijum. Moramo to da zabranimo. Ne bi trebalo da dozvolimo stvaranje genetski modifikovanih ljudi jer je prosto suviše opasno i suviše nepredvidivo. Ali ima mnogo ljudi -
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Thanks.
Havala.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
And let me say, just as a scientist, it's a little bit scary for me to say that in public, because science generally doesn't like self-regulation and things like that. So I think we need to put a hold on this, but there are many people who not only disagree with me, they feel the exact opposite. They're like, step on the gas, full speed ahead, let's make designer babies. And so in the meeting in December and other meetings that are likely to follow in the next few months, it's very possible there may be no moratorium. And I think part of the problem that we have is that all of this trend, this revolution in genetic modification applying to humans, the public hasn't known about it. Nobody has been saying, look, this is a big deal, this is a revolution, and this could affect you in very personal ways. And so part of my goal is actually to change that and to educate and engage with the public and get you guys talking about this. And so I hope at these meetings that there will be a role for the public to bring their voice to bear as well.
I dozvolite da kažem, prosto kao naučnik, malčice je zastrašujuće da to javno kažem jer nauka uopšteno ne voli samoregulaciju i slične stvari. Zato smatram da moramo da odložimo ovo, no postoje mnogi ljudi koji ne samo da se ne slažu sa mnom, već osećaju baš suprotno. Oni su potpuno nagazili gas, idu punom brzinom napred, napravimo dizajnirane bebe. Pa će na sastanku u decembru i na drugim sastancima koji će verovatno uslediti u narednih nekoliko meseci, veoma je moguće da neće biti moratorijuma. A mislim da je deo našeg problema to što je čitav ovaj trend, ova revolucija u genetskoj modifikaciji koja je primenjiva na ljude, javnost nije znala za to. Niko nije govorio, pogledajte, ovo je velika stvar, ovo je revolucija i moglo bi da utiče na vas na veoma lične načine. Te je moj cilj delimično da to zapravo promenim i da obrazujem i angažujem javnost i da vi ljudi pričate o ovome. Pa se nadam da će na ovim sastancima biti mesta za javnost da doprinese svojim glasom.
So if we kind of circle back now to 2030 again, that imagined story, and depending on the decisions we make, again, today -- literally we don't have a lot of time -- in the next few months, the next year or so, because this technology is spreading like wildfire. Let's pretend we're back in that reality. We're at a park, and our kid is swinging on the swing. Is that kid a regular old kid, or did we decide to have a designer baby? And let's say we went the sort of traditional route, and there's our kid swinging on the swing, and frankly, they're kind of a mess. Their hair is all over the place like mine. They have a stuffy nose. They're not the best student in the world. They're adorable, you love them, but there on the swing next to them, their best friend is a GM kid, and the two of them are kind of swinging like this, and you can't help but compare them, right? And the GM kid is swinging higher, they look better, they're a better student, they don't have that stuffy nose you need to wipe. How is that going to make you feel and what decision might you make next time?
Pa, ako se vratimo nazad, opet na 2030, na tu zamišljenu priču, i u zavisnosti od odluka koje, opet, donesemo danas - bukvalno nemamo mnogo vremena - u narednih nekoliko meseci, sledećih godinu, jer se ova tehnologija širi poput požara. Pretvarajmo se da smo ponovo u toj stvarnosti. Nalazimo se u parku i naše dete se ljulja na ljuljašci. Da li je to dete obično staro dete ili smo odlučili da imamo dizajniranu bebu? I recimo da smo krenuli nekom vrstom tradicionalnog puta, i naše dete se ljulja na ljuljašci, i iskreno, ono je nered. Kosa mu je zamršena poput moje. Zapušen mu je nos. Nije najbolji đak na svetu. Ljupko je, volite ga, ali na ljuljašci do njegove, njegov najbolji prijatelj je GM dete, i njih dvoje se tako ljuljaju, a vi ne možete a da ih ne poredite, zar ne? A GM dete se ljulja više, izgleda bolje, bolji je đak, nema zapušen nos koji morate da brišete. Kako ćete se zbog toga osećati i kakvu odluku ćete sledeći put doneti?
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
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