The will to live life differently can start in some of the most unusual places. This is where I come from, Todmorden. It's a market town in the north of England, 15,000 people, between Leeds and Manchester, fairly normal market town. It used to look like this, and now it's more like this, with fruit and veg and herbs sprouting up all over the place. We call it propaganda gardening. (Laughter)
Odhodlanie žiť inak môže začať na najneobvyklejších miestach. Z tadeto pochádzam, z Todmordenu. Je to mestečko na severe Anglicka, má 15 000 obyvateľov, je medzi Leedsom a Manchesterom, je to celkom bežné mestečko. Predtým vyzeralo takto a teraz skôr takto, ovocie, zelenina a bylinky rastú všade. Voláme to propagandistické záhradníčenie. (Smiech)
Corner row railway, station car park, front of a health center, people's front gardens, and even in front of the police station. (Laughter) We've got edible canal towpaths, and we've got sprouting cemeteries. The soil is extremely good. (Laughter)
Železničná stanica, parkovisko, predná časť polikliniky, predzáhradky a dokonca aj pred policajnou stanicou. (Smiech) Máme riečne vlečné cesty s jedlými plodinami a rašiace cintoríny. Pôda je tam neobyčajne dobrá. (Smiech)
We've even invented a new form of tourism. It's called vegetable tourism, and believe it or not, people come from all over the world to poke around in our raised beds, even when there's not much growing. (Laughter) But it starts a conversation. (Laughter)
Vymysleli sme dokonca nový druh cestovného ruchu. Volá sa zeleninová turistika a verte či nie, ľudia prichádzajú z celého sveta, aby sa pohrabali v našich záhonoch, aj keď tam toho veľa nerastie. (Smiech) Ale podnecuje to debatu. (Smiech)
And, you know, we're not doing it because we're bored. (Laughter) We're doing it because we want to start a revolution.
A, viete, nerobíme to z nudy. (Smiech) Robíme to, lebo chceme spustiť revolúciu.
We tried to answer this simple question: Can you find a unifying language that cuts across age and income and culture that will help people themselves find a new way of living, see spaces around them differently, think about the resources they use differently, interact differently? Can we find that language? And then, can we replicate those actions? And the answer would appear to be yes, and the language would appear to be food.
Pokúsili sme sa odpovedať na túto jednoduchú otázku: Môžeme nájsť zjednocujúci jazyk, ktorému nezáleží na veku, príjme a kultúre, a ktorý ľuďom pomôže nájsť si nový spôsob života, vidieť priestor okolo seba ináč, inak rozmýšľať o zdrojoch, ktoré používajú, a inak sa vzájomne ovplyvňovať? Je možné nájsť taký jazyk? A vieme tieto činnosti kopírovať? Vyzerá to tak, že odpoveď je „áno“ a že tým jazykom je jedlo.
So, three and a half years ago, a few of us sat around a kitchen table and we just invented the whole thing. (Laughter) (Applause) We came up with a really simple game plan that we put to a public meeting. We did not consult. We did not write a report. Enough of all that. (Laughter) And we said to that public meeting in Todmorden, look, let's imagine that our town is focused around three plates: a community plate, the way we live our everyday lives; a learning plate, what we teach our kids in school and what new skills we share amongst ourselves; and business, what we do with the pound in our pocket and which businesses we choose to support.
Takže pred tri a pol rokmi sme si posadali okolo kuchynského stola a proste sme to celé vymysleli. (Smiech) (Potlesk) Vymysleli sme veľmi jednoduchý herný plán, ktorý sme predniesli na verejnej schôdzi. Nekonzultovali sme ho. Nenapísali sme správu. Toho bolo už dosť. (Smiech) A na tej verejnej schôdzi v Todmordene sme povedali: „Pozrite, predstavme si, že naše mesto je sústredené okolo troch tanierov: okolo komunitného taniera, čiže nášho každodenného života; okolo vzdelávacieho taniera, čiže toho, čo učíme deti v škole a nových zručností, o ktoré sa medzi sebou delíme; a okolo finančného taniera, čiže čo robíme s librou v našom vrecku a ktoré firmy sa rozhodneme podporiť.
Now, let's imagine those plates agitated with community actions around food. If we start one of those community plates spinning, that's really great, that really starts to empower people, but if we can then spin that community plate with the learning plate, and then spin it with the business plate, we've got a real show there, we've got some action theater. We're starting to build resilience ourselves. We're starting to reinvent community ourselves, and we've done it all without a flipping strategy document. (Applause)
Predstavme si teraz, ako sa tieto taniere zmiešajú do komunitných činov ohľadom jedla. Ak roztočíme jeden z týchto komunitných tanierov, bude to super, ľuďom to dodá silu a sebavedomie, ale ak dokážeme roztočiť komunitný tanier so vzdelávacím tanierom a potom ho roztočiť s finančným tanierom, bude to naozaj šou, bude to divadlo. Začíname pracovať na svojej húževnatosti. Začíname pretvárať našu komunitu a všetko sme to dokázali bez nejakej trápnej stratégie. (Potlesk)
And here's the thing as well. We've not asked anybody's permission to do this, we're just doing it. (Laughter) And we are certainly not waiting for that check to drop through the letterbox before we start, and most importantly of all, we are not daunted by the sophisticated arguments that say, "These small actions are meaningless in the face of tomorrow's problems," because I have seen the power of small actions, and it is awesome.
A ešte niečo. Od nikoho sme si nepýtali povolenie, jednoducho to len robíme. (Smiech) A určite nečakáme na to, aby sme to povolenie, dostali do schránky predtým ako začneme, a čo je najdôležitejšie, nezastrašia nás „inteligentné“ argumenty, ktoré hovoria: „Takéto malé činy sú bezvýznamné s ohľadom na problémy zajtrajška,“ pretože som videla silu malých činov a je úžasná.
So, back to the public meeting. (Laughter) We put that proposition to the meeting, two seconds, and then the room exploded. I have never, ever experienced anything like that in my life. And it's been the same in every single room, in every town that we've ever told our story. People are ready and respond to the story of food. They want positive actions they can engage in, and in their bones, they know it's time to take personal responsibility and invest in more kindness to each other and to the environment.
Vráťme sa ale k tej verejnej schôdzi. (Smiech) Predniesli sme ľuďom návrh a za dve sekundy miestnosť explodovala. Nikdy v živote som nezažila niečo také. A takto to prebiehalo v každej jednej miestnosti v každom meste, kde sme rozprávali náš príbeh. Ľudia sú pripravení a reagujú na príbeh o jedle. Chcú pozitívne činy, v ktorých sa môžu angažovať, a cítia v kostiach, že je čas prevziať osobnú zodpovednosť, venovať viac dobra jeden druhému a životnému prostrediu.
And since we had that meeting three and a half years ago, it's been a heck of a roller coaster. We started with a seed swap, really simple stuff, and then we took an area of land, a strip on the side of our main road, which was a dog toilet, basically, and we turned it into a really lovely herb garden. We took the corner of the car park in the station that you saw, and we made vegetable beds for everybody to share and pick from themselves. We went to the doctors. We've just had a 6-million-pound health center built in Todmorden, and for some reason that I cannot comprehend, it has been surrounded by prickly plants. (Laughter) So we went to the doctors, said, "Would you mind us taking them up?" They said, "Absolutely fine, provided you get planning permission and you do it in Latin and you do it in triplicate," so we did — (Laughter) — and now there are fruit trees and bushes and herbs and vegetables around that doctor's surgery. And there's been lots of other examples, like the corn that was in front of the police station, and the old people's home that we've planted it with food that they can pick and grow.
A odkedy sme pred tri a pol rokmi mali tú schôdzu, bola to jazda plná prekvapení. Začali sme výmenou semien, naozaj jednoducho, a potom sme zobrali kúsok zeme, pás na jednej strane hlavnej cesty, ktorá sa využívala na venčenie psov, a zmenili ju na naozaj krásnu bylinkovú záhradu. Na rohu parkoviska pred stanicou, ktorú ste videli, sme urobili spoločné zeleninové záhony, z ktorých si každý môže zobrať. Išli sme za lekármi. Nedávno sa v Todmordene postavila poliklinika za 6 miliónov libier a z nejakého nepochopiteľného dôvodu bola obkolesená nejakými pichľavými rastlinami. (Smiech) Išli sme teda za lekármi a opýtali sa: „Vadilo by vám, keby sme s nimi niečo urobili?“ Povedali: „Nevadilo, ak dostanete stavebné povolenie a doručíte nám ho po latinsky a v troch kópiách,“ takže to sme aj urobili — (smiech) — a teraz okolo polikliniky rastú ovocné stromy a kríky, bylinky a zelenina. A máme veľa ďalších príkladov ako kukurica pred policajnou stanicou a domov dôchodcov, kde sme nasadili plodiny, ktoré si môžu zbierať a pestovať.
But it isn't just about growing, because we all are part of this jigsaw. It's about taking those artistic people in your community and doing some fabulous designs in those raised beds to explain to people what's growing there, because there's so many people that don't really recognize a vegetable unless it's in a bit of plastic with a bit of an instruction packet on the top. (Laughter) So we have some people who designed these things, "If it looks like this, please don't pick it, but if it looks like this, help yourself." This is about sharing and investing in kindness.
Nie je to však len o pestovaní, pretože všetci sme súčasťou tejto skladačky. Umelecky založení ľudia vo vašom meste môžu napríklad krásne nadizajnovať záhony, ktoré ľuďom vysvetľujú, čo tam rastie, lebo strašne veľa ľudí ani nespozná zeleninu, ak nie je zabalená v plaste s nálepkou navrchu. (Smiech) Takže máme pár ľudí, ktorí takéto veci dizajnujú. „Ak to vyzerá takto, prosím nezbierajte to, ale ak takto, nech sa páči.“ Je to o delení sa a o robení niečoho dobrého.
And for those people that don't want to do either of those things, maybe they can cook, so we pick them seasonally and then we go on the street, or in the pub, or in the church, or wherever people are living their lives. This is about us going to the people and saying, "We are all part of the local food jigsaw, we are all part of a solution."
A ak niektorí ľudia nechcú robiť ani jednu z týchto vecí, možno vedia aspoň variť, tak zeleninu sezónne zbierame a potom ideme do ulíc, do baru, do kostola, alebo kdekoľvek ľudia žijú. Ideme k ľuďom a hovoríme: „Všetci sme súčasťou miestnej potravinovej skladačky, všetci sme súčasťou riešenia.“
And then, because we know we've got vegetable tourists and we love them to bits and they're absolutely fantastic, we thought, what could we do to give them an even better experience? So we invented, without asking, of course, the Incredible Edible Green Route. And this is a route of exhibition gardens, and edible towpaths, and bee-friendly sites, and the story of pollinators, and it's a route that we designed that takes people through the whole of our town, past our cafes and our small shops, through our market, not just to and fro from the supermarket, and we're hoping that, in changing people's footfall around our town, we're also changing their behavior.
A keďže k nám chodia zeleninoví turisti, máme ich strašne radi a sú úplne fantastickí, rozmýšľali sme, ako by sme im mohli ich zážitok ešte zlepšiť. Vymysleli sme preto, samozrejme bez opýtania, „Neuveriteľne jedlú zelenú trasu“. Je to trasa ukážkových záhrad, chodníkov popri rieke s plodinami, miestach, ktoré prajú včelám, a je to príbeh opeľovania a je to nami vytvorená trasa, ktorá ľudí prevedie celým mestom, popri kaviarňach a obchodíkoch, cez trhovisko, nie len do a zo supermarketu, a dúfame, že keď meníme kroky ľudí po našom meste, zároveň meníme aj ich správanie.
And then there's the second plate, the learning plate. Well, we're in partnership with a high school. We've created a company. We are designing and building an aquaponics unit in some land that was spare at the back of the high school, like you do, and now we're going to be growing fish and vegetables in an orchard with bees, and the kids are helping us build that, and the kids are on the board, and because the community was really keen on working with the high school, the high school is now teaching agriculture, and because it's teaching agriculture, we started to think, how could we then get those kids that never had a qualification before in their lives but are really excited about growing, how can we give them some more experience?
A potom je tu druhý tanier, vzdelávací. Spolupracujeme so strednou školou. Založili sme firmu. Navrhujeme a staviame akvaponickú jednotku na nevyužitom kúsku zeme za strednou školou a budeme chovať ryby a pestovať zeleninu v sade so včelami a deti nám pomáhajú so stavaním, deti sú v komisii a keďže komunita bola nadšená spoluprácou so strednou školou, stredná škola teraz vyučuje poľnohospodárstvo a keďže ho vyučuje, začali sme uvažovať, ako by sme mohli tým deťom, ktoré nikdy predtým neboli vyučené, ale pestovaním sú nadšené, ako im môžeme poskytnúť viac skúseností?
So we got some land that was donated by a local garden center. It was really quite muddy, but in a truly incredible way, totally voluntary-led, we have turned that into a market garden training center, and that is polytunnels and raised beds and all the things you need to get the soil under your fingers and think maybe there's a job in this for me in the future. And because we were doing that, some local academics said, "You know, we could help design a commercial horticulture course for you. There's not one that we know of." So they're doing that, and we're going to launch it later this year, and it's all an experiment, and it's all voluntary.
Miestne záhradníctvo venovalo pozemok. Bol dosť bahnitý, no neuveriteľným spôsobom sme ho s ďalšími dobrovoľníkmi premenili na záhradnícke výukové stredisko, čiže skleníky, vyvýšené záhony a všetko, čo potrebujete, aby ste dostali pôdu za nechty a pouvažovali, či by ste si v budúcnosti nevedeli predstaviť takéto zamestnanie. A keď sme to robili, miestni akademici povedali: „Mohli by sme vám pomôcť navrhnúť kurz komerčného záhradníctva. Myslíme, že zatiaľ nie je žiadny.“ Teraz na tom pracujú a tento rok ho spustíme. Celé je to dobrovoľnícky experiment.
And then there's the third plate, because if you walk through an edible landscape, and if you're learning new skills, and if you start to get interested in what's growing seasonally, you might just want to spend more of your own money in support of local producers, not just veg, but meat and cheese and beer and whatever else it might be.
A potom je tu tretí tanier, pretože keď sa prechádzate po krajine s jedlými záhonmi, a ak sa učíte nové zručnosti a začnete sa zaujímať o to, čo rastie sezónne, možno budete chcieť svojimi peniazmi viac podporiť miestnych producentov, a nehovorím len o zelenine, ale aj o mäse, syre, pive a o čomkoľvek inom.
But then, we're just a community group, you know. We're just all volunteers. What could we actually do? So we did some really simple things. We fundraised, we got some blackboards, we put "Incredible Edible" on the top, we gave it every market trader that was selling locally, and they scribbled on what they were selling in any one week. Really popular. People congregated around it. Sales were up.
Sme však len komunita. Všetci sme len dobrovoľníci. Čo my môžeme vlastne robiť? Urobili sme preto naozaj jednoduché veci. Urobili sme zbierky, kúpili sme tabule, na vrch sme napísali „Neuveriteľne jedlé“, rozdali sme ich každému obchodníkovi, ktorý predával miestne produkty a oni na ne každý týždeň napísali, čo práve predávajú. Uchytilo sa to. Ľudia sa na to zamerali. Tržby išli hore.
And then, we had a chat with the farmers, and we said, "We're really serious about this," but they didn't actually believe us, so we thought, okay, what should we do? I know. If we can create a campaign around one product and show them there is local loyalty to that product, maybe they'll change their mind and see we're serious.
Neskôr sme sa rozprávali s poľnohospodármi a povedali sme: „Fakt to myslíme vážne,“ ale oni nám neverili, tak sme si pomysleli, dobre, čo by sme mali urobiť? Už viem. Ak zvládneme urobiť kampaň okolo jedného produktu a ukázať im, že obyvatelia sú k miestnemu produktu lojálni, možno zmenia názor a pochopia, že to myslíme vážne.
So we launched a campaign -- because it just amuses me -- called Every Egg Matters. (Laughter) And what we did was we put people on our egg map. It's a stylized map of Togmorden. Anybody that's selling their excess eggs at the garden gate, perfectly legally, to their neighbors, we've stuck on there. We started with four, and we've now got 64 on, and the result of that was that people were then going into shops asking for a local Todmorden egg, and the result of that was, some farmers upped the amount of flocks they got of free range birds, and then they went on to meat birds, and although these are really, really small steps, that increasing local economic confidence is starting to play out in a number of ways, and we now have farmers doing cheese and they've upped their flocks and rare breed pigs, they're doing pasties and pies and things that they would have never done before. We've got increasing market stalls selling local food, and in a survey that local students did for us, 49 percent of all food traders in that town said that their bottom line had increased because of what we were actually doing. And we're just volunteers and it's only an experiment. (Laughter)
Spustili sme teda kampaň s pre mňa vtipným názvom „Na každom vajci záleží.“ (Smiech) Chovateľov sme zaznačili na našej vajcovej mape. Je to prispôsobená mapa Todmordenu. A je na nej každý, kto susedom predáva vajcia z dvora, úplne legálne, to nám zatiaľ stačilo. Začali sme so štyrmi a teraz máme už 64 chovateľov. Výsledkom bolo, že ľudia sa v obchodoch pýtali na miestne todmordenské vajce a niektorí farmári následne zvýšili počet nosníc chovaných vo voľnom výbehu a začali aj s hydinou chovanou na mäso. Aj keď sú to len veľmi malé kroky, táto zvýšená miestna ekonomická sebadôvera sa začína vyvíjať viacerými smermi a naši chovatelia teraz vyrábajú syr, zvýšili počet hydiny a špeciálnych plemien ošípaných, robia pirohy, koláče a veci, ktoré by predtým za iných okolností nerobili. Čoraz viac stánkov na trhu predáva miestne potraviny a v prieskume, ktorý urobili miestni študenti, 49 % všetkých našich poľnohospodárov uviedlo, že ich celkový obrat sa vďaka našim aktivitám zvýšil. Pripomínam, že sme len dobrovoľníci a je to len experiment. (Smiech)
Now, none of this is rocket science. It certainly is not clever, and it's not original. But it is joined up, and it is inclusive. This is not a movement for those people that are going to sort themselves out anyway. This is a movement for everyone. We have a motto: If you eat, you're in. (Laughter) (Applause) Across age, across income, across culture.
Nerobíme nič zložité. Určite to nie je chytré a ani originálne. Je to však spoločné a nikoho nevyčleňujeme. Toto nie je hnutie pre tých, ktorí sa aj tak oddelia. Je to hnutie pre všetkých. Naším mottom je: „Ak ješ, si v tom s nami.“ (Smiech) (Potlesk) Naprieč veku, príjmami, kultúrami.
It's been really quite a roller coaster experience, but going back to that first question that we asked, is it replicable? Yeah. It most certainly is replicable.
Naozaj to bola cesta plná zvratov a prekvapení, vráťme sa ale k prvej otázke, ktorú sme si položili: Dá sa to zopakovať inde? Áno, jednoznačne sa to dá.
More than 30 towns in England now are spinning the Incredible Edible plate. Whichever way they want to do it, of their own volition, they're trying to make their own lives differently, and worldwide, we've got communities across America and Japan -- it's incredible, isn't it? I mean, America and Japan and New Zealand. People after the earthquake in New Zealand visited us in order to incorporate some of this public spiritedness around local growing into the heart of Christchurch.
Už viac než 30 anglických miest roztáča "Neuveriteľne jedlý" tanier. Akokoľvek sa to rozhodnú robiť, z vlastnej vôle sa snažia zmeniť svoj život a rozšírilo sa to po svete, máme komunity v Amerike a v Japonsku, nie je to neuveriteľné? Amerika, Japonsko a Nový Zéland. Po zemetrasení na Novom Zélande nás obyvatelia navštívili, aby preniesli niečo z tejto komunitnej energie sústredenej okolo miestneho pestovania aj do srdca mesta Christchurch.
And none of this takes more money and none of this demands a bureaucracy, but it does demand that you think things differently and you are prepared to bend budgets and work programs in order to create that supportive framework that communities can bounce off.
A vôbec to neodčerpáva viac peňazí a vôbec si to nevyžaduje byrokraciu, ale vyžaduje to, aby ste rozmýšľali inak a boli pripravení upraviť rozpočty a pracovné programy, aby sa vytvoril podporný rámec, od ktorého sa komunity môžu odraziť.
And there's some great ideas already in our patch. Our local authority has decided to make everywhere Incredible Edible, and in support of that have decided to do two things.
Máme pripravené už aj ďalšie skvelé myšlienky. Mesto rozhodlo, že „Neuveriteľne jedlé“ rozšíri všade a na podporu tohto rozšírenia urobia dve veci.
First, they're going to create an asset register of spare land that they've got, put it in a food bank so that communities can use that wherever they live, and they're going to underpin that with a license.
Vytvoria register nevyužitej pôdy, čo majú, dajú ju do potravinovej banky, aby ju komunity mohli využívať, kdekoľvek žijú a podchytia to s licenciou.
And then they've said to every single one of their workforce, if you can, help those communities grow, and help them to maintain their spaces.
A každému svojmu pracovníkovi povedali: Ak môžete, pomôžte týmto komunitám rásť a pomôžte im udržiavať ich pôdu.
Suddenly, we're seeing actions on the ground from local government. We're seeing this mainstreamed. We are responding creatively at last to what Rio demanded of us, and there's lots more you could do. I mean, just to list a few. One, please stop putting prickly plants around public buildings. It's a waste of space. (Laughter) Secondly, please create -- please, please create edible landscapes so that our children start to walk past their food day in, day out, on our high streets, in our parks, wherever that might be. Inspire local planners to put the food sites at the heart of the town and the city plan, not relegate them to the edges of the settlements that nobody can see. Encourage all our schools to take this seriously. This isn't a second class exercise. If we want to inspire the farmers of tomorrow, then please let us say to every school, create a sense of purpose around the importance to the environment, local food and soils. Put that at the heart of your school culture, and you will create a different generation.
Zrazu vidíme kroky v teréne zo strany miestnej samosprávy. Stalo sa to normálnou súčasťou mesta. Tvorivo odpovedáme na požiadavky konferencie v Riu a aj vy môžete urobiť oveľa viac. Spomeniem len pár vecí. Po prvé, prosím prestaňte sadiť pichľavé rastliny okolo verejných budov. Je to mrhanie priestorom. (Smiech) Po druhé, prosím, prosím vytvárajte jedlú krajinu, aby naše deti mohli začať chodievať popri svojich potravinách na našich hlavných cestách, v našich parkoch, kdekoľvek. Povzbudzujte miestnych krajinných architektov, aby umiestňovali polia do srdca mesta a územného plánu a neodsúvali ich na okraj obce, kde ich nikto nevidí. Povzbudzujte školy, aby to brali vážne. Nie je to druhoradé cvičenie. Ak chceme inšpirovať budúcich poľnohospodárov, potom nám dovoľte povedať každej škole: Vytvorte zmysel pre účel okolo dôležitosti životného prostredia, miestnych potravín a pôdy. Vložte to do srdca kultúry vašej školy a vytvoríte inú generáciu.
There are so many things you can do, but ultimately this is about something really simple. Through an organic process, through an increasing recognition of the power of small actions, we are starting, at last, to believe in ourselves again, and to believe in our capacity, each and every one of us, to build a different and a kinder future, and in my book, that's incredible. Thank you. (Applause) (Applause) Thank you very much. (Applause)
Môžete robiť toľko vecí, ale v konečnom dôsledku je podstata veľmi jednoduchá. Cez prirodzený proces, cez rastúce uznanie sily malých krokov konečne znova začíname veriť v samých seba a veriť v potenciál každého jedného z nás vybudovať inú a láskavejšiu budúcnosť a to je podľa mňa neuveriteľné. Ďakujem. (Potlesk) (Potlesk) Ďakujem veľmi pekne. (Potlesk)