I thought I'd begin with a scene of war. There was little to warn of the danger ahead. The Iraqi insurgent had placed the IED, an Improvised Explosive Device, along the side of the road with great care. By 2006, there were more than 2,500 of these attacks every single month, and they were the leading cause of casualties among American soldiers and Iraqi civilians. The team that was hunting for this IED is called an EOD team— Explosives Ordinance Disposal—and they're the pointy end of the spear in the American effort to suppress these roadside bombs. Each EOD team goes out on about 600 of these bomb calls every year, defusing about two bombs a day. Perhaps the best sign of how valuable they are to the war effort, is that the Iraqi insurgents put a $50,000 bounty on the head of a single EOD soldier.
我想从一个战争的片段说起 危机来得毫无征兆 伊拉克叛军将IED 也就是简易爆炸装置 小心翼翼地设置在路边 在2006年之前,这样的攻击事件 每个月超过2500起 这是造成 在伊美军士兵 和伊拉克平民伤亡的罪魁祸首 搜索这些简易爆炸装置的部队 叫作EOD小组 爆炸军械处置小组 他们是美国压制这些 用来压制这些土制炸弹的攻击 每个EOD小组会出动 每年大约600次拆弹任务 每天平均拆除2个炸弹 或许最能显示他们对于 战争行动的重要性,便是 伊拉克叛军悬赏5万美金 为每个EOD士兵的头颅
Unfortunately, this particular call would not end well. By the time the soldier advanced close enough to see the telltale wires of the bomb, it exploded in a wave of flame. Now, depending how close you are and how much explosive has been packed into that bomb, it can cause death or injury. You have to be as far as 50 yards away to escape that. The blast is so strong it can even break your limbs, even if you're not hit. That soldier had been on top of the bomb.
很不幸,这次行动 结局悲惨 当一名士兵刚刚靠近 可以看到炸弹的引线时 它在一片火浪中爆炸了 根据你和炸弹的距离 以及那个炸弹中放了 多少炸药,极有可能死亡 或者受伤。你至少要距离 50码远才能安全逃脱 爆炸强烈到就算你没有被直接打击 也可能四肢断掉 那名士兵就在炸弹的正上方
And so when the rest of the team advanced they found little left. And that night the unit's commander did a sad duty, and he wrote a condolence letter back to the United States, and he talked about how hard the loss had been on his unit, about the fact that they had lost their bravest soldier, a soldier who had saved their lives many a time. And he apologized for not being able to bring them home. But then he talked up the silver lining that he took away from the loss. "At least," as he wrote, "when a robot dies, you don't have to write a letter to its mother."
所以当其他队员赶到时 已经没有什么余骸剩下了 那天晚上,部队指挥官在悲痛中履行了长官职责 他写了一封吊唁信并寄回了美国 他提到了失去这名士兵 整个队伍是多么难过 他们失去了最勇敢的战士 曾救过他们的性命 许多次 同时他为 不能将他们所有人都带回家而道了歉 但紧接着,他讲起了 这次不幸中之大幸 “至少,”他写道,“当一个机器人死去时 你不用给它的母亲 写吊唁信。”
That scene sounds like science fiction, but is battlefield reality already. The soldier in that case was a 42-pound robot called a PackBot. The chief's letter went, not to some farmhouse in Iowa like you see in the old war movies, but went to the iRobot Company, which is named after the Asimov novel and the not-so-great Will Smith movie, and... um... (Laughter)... if you remember that in that fictional world, robots started out carrying out mundane chores, and then they started taking on life-and-death decisions. That's a reality we face today.
这个场景听起来像科幻小说 但在战场上却已经是现实 上面提到的士兵 是一个42磅的机器人,叫做PackBot。 那位指挥官的信 并没有寄给爱荷华的某个农场 像老战争片里演的那样 而是寄给了iRobot公司 公司名字来源于阿西莫夫(Asimov)的小说 以及威尔.史密斯那不怎么样的电影 还有...(笑声)... 如果你们还记得 在小说世界中,机器人从 做日常家务开始,直到后来 他们开始做出生死攸关的决定 这就是我们今天面对的现实
What we're going to do is actually just flash a series of photos behind me that show you the reality of robots used in war right now or already at the prototype stage. It's just to give you a taste. Another way of putting it is you're not going to see anything that's powered by Vulcan technology, or teenage wizard hormones or anything like that. This is all real. So why don't we go ahead and start those pictures.
我们现在要做的 就是为大家展示一系列照片 关于军事机器人的现实 已在使用的,或是处于雏形阶段的 这只是让各位见识一下 换一种说法,便是各位 不会看到任何靠瓦肯星的 科技运转的事物,也不会有类似 青年魔法荷尔蒙之类的东西 这些都是真实的 让我们开始展示这些照片吧
Something big is going on in war today, and maybe even the history of humanity itself. The U.S. military went into Iraq with a handful of drones in the air. We now have 5,300. We went in with zero unmanned ground systems. We now have 12,000. And the tech term "killer application" takes on new meaning in this space.
今天的战争正在经历着翻天覆地的变化 也可能改变人道主义的历史 美国军队在进入伊拉克时 只有五架无人机 我们现在有5300架 进入伊拉克时我们尚没有一个无人地面系统 我们现在有12000个 而本身作为一个科技词汇的“杀手级应用” 在这个领域中获得了新的意义。
And we need to remember that we're talking about the Model T Fords, the Wright Flyers, compared to what's coming soon. That's where we're at right now. One of the people that I recently met with was an Air Force three-star general, and he said basically, where we're headed very soon is tens of thousands of robots operating in our conflicts, and these numbers matter, because we're not just talking about tens of thousands of today's robots, but tens of thousands of these prototypes and tomorrow's robots, because of course, one of the things that's operating in technology is Moore's Law, that you can pack in more and more computing power into those robots, and so flash forward around 25 years, if Moore's Law holds true, those robots will be close to a billion times more powerful in their computing than today.
而我们需要记住 现在所讲的技术只相当于福特T型车 和莱特飞行器的级别 与即将出现的的技术相比 这就是我们的现状 我最近会见过的一个人 是一位空军的三星上将 他说,在不远的将来 我们将会有成千上万个机器人 投入到武装对抗中 这些数字很重要,因为我们不只是 在讲成千上万个 今天的机器人,而是成千上万个 概念雏形和未来的机器人 因为,主导科技发展之一 的摩尔定律说 这些机器人可以拥有 越来越强大的计算能力 所以大概25年后 如果摩尔定律成立 这些机器人会比今天的拥有 强大上亿倍的计算能力
And so what that means is the kind of things that we used to only talk about at science fiction conventions like Comic-Con have to be talked about in the halls of power and places like the Pentagon. A robots revolution is upon us.
这意味着 那些我们以前只能在 像动漫展这种科幻小说展谈论的事情 将会在像五角大楼 这样权利中心被提起 我们正在经历着一场机器人革命
Now, I need to be clear here. I'm not talking about a revolution where you have to worry about the Governor of California showing up at your door, a la the Terminator. (Laughter)
现在我想澄清一件事 我不是在说那种革命 那种你需要担心加利福尼亚州长 以终结者的身份出现在你家门口 的那种革命(笑声)
When historians look at this period, they're going to conclude that we're in a different type of revolution: a revolution in war, like the invention of the atomic bomb. But it may be even bigger than that, because our unmanned systems don't just
当历史学家回顾这段时期 他们会认为我们在经历一场不一样的革命 战争的革命 就像原子弹的发明一样 而这有可能比原子弹更重要 因为我们的无人驾驶系统
affect the "how" of war-fighting, they affect the "who" of fighting at its most fundamental level. That is, every previous revolution in war, be it the machine gun, be it the atomic bomb, was about a system that either shot faster, went further, had a bigger boom. That's certainly the case with robotics, but they also change the experience of the warrior and even the very identity of the warrior.
将不仅仅影响到我们“如何”打仗 它影响到“谁”来打仗 在最基本的层面上 也就是说,过去的每一次战争革命 比如机关枪,比如原子弹 都是关于一个系统 - 要么射击更快 要么射程更远,要么打击更广 机器人学也能有这些作用 但同时它也改变战士的参战体验 甚至是战士的身份
Another way of putting this is that mankind's 5,000-year-old monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down in our very lifetime. I've spent the last several years going around meeting with all the players in this field, from the robot scientists to the science fiction authors who inspired them to the 19-year-old drone pilots who are fighting from Nevada, to the four-star generals who command them, to even the Iraqi insurgents who they are targeting and what they think about our systems, and what I found interesting is not just their stories, but how their experiences point to these ripple effects that are going outwards in our society, in our law and our ethics, etc. And so what I'd like to do with my remaining time is basically flesh out a couple of these.
换句话说 人类五千年来对于战争的垄断 将在我们有生之年结束 我在过去 几年中在各地会见了 这个领域的所有参与者 从机器人科学家 到启发了他们的科幻小说作者 到来自内华达州的19岁无人机飞行员 到指挥他们的四星上将 甚至到伊拉克叛军 他们的打击目标 以及他们对于这些系统的看法 而让我感兴趣的不仅仅是 他们的故事,而是他们的经历 指出了一些因为涟漪作用而被影响到的 我们的社会、法律 和伦理 我想用余下的时间 讲述其中几个看法
So the first is that the future of war, even a robotics one, is not going to be purely an American one. The U.S. is currently ahead in military robotics right now, but we know that in technology there's no such thing as a permanent first move or advantage. In a quick show of hands, how many people in this room still use Wang Computers? (Laughter) It's the same thing in war. The British and the French invented the tank. The Germans figured out how to use it right, and so what we have to think about for the U.S. is that we are ahead right now, but you have 43 other countries out there working on military robotics, and they include all the interesting countries like Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran.
第一,战争的未来 就算机器人化了,未来也不会 纯粹的属于美国 美国目前在军事机器人上领先 但我们知道 在科技中 没有永远的先手或有利地位 请还在使用 王氏电脑的人 快速的举下手。(笑声) 战争也是一样 英国人和法国人发明了坦克 德国人发掘了它的潜力 所以我们需要 虽然我们美国现在 但仍有 其他43个国家 也在研发军事机器人 在这其中便包括了 俄罗斯、中国、巴基斯坦、和伊朗
And this raises a bigger worry for me. How do we move forward in this revolution given the state of our manufacturing and the state of our science and mathematics training in our schools? Or another way of thinking about this is, what does it mean to go to war increasingly with soldiers whose hardware is made in China and software is written in India?
而这让我更加担心 我们如何能在这场革命中前行? 以我们如今的生产状况 学校中关于科学 和数学的教育状况 换句话说 当我们加剧使用 有着在中国制造的硬件 和在印度写的软件的士兵,战争会变成什么样子?
But just as software has gone open-source, so has warfare. Unlike an aircraft carrier or an atomic bomb, you don't need a massive manufacturing system to build robotics. A lot of it is off the shelf. A lot of it's even do-it-yourself. One of those things you just saw flashed before you was a raven drone, the handheld tossed one. For about a thousand dollars, you can build one yourself, equivalent to what the soldiers use in Iraq.
但就像软件有着开放源码 战争也是如此 不像航空母舰或原子弹 建造机器人不需要庞大的 生产系统。很多部件 在商店便买的到,自己也可以制造很多部件 你们刚刚看到的一张照片 是一驾用手掷的掠夺者无人飞行机。 花大概一千美元 你便可以自己建造一个 和士兵在伊拉克用的一样
That raises another wrinkle when it comes to war and conflict. Good guys might play around and work on these as hobby kits, but so might bad guys. This cross between robotics and things like terrorism is going to be fascinating and even disturbing, and we've already seen it start.
这对于战争和冲突来说又多添加了 一层考虑。好人可能会 把它当作业余爱好 但坏人也会 机器人学和恐怖主义的 的产物让人 异常不安 而我们已经看到了它的开始
During the war between Israel, a state, and Hezbollah, a non-state actor, the non-state actor flew four different drones against Israel. There's already a jihadi website that you can go on and remotely detonate an IED in Iraq while sitting at your home computer.
当以色列,一个国家 和真主党,一个非国家组织的战争中 这个非国家组织 对以色列用了四种不同的无人飞行机 网上也已经有了一个圣战网站 你可以在家中的电脑前 在上面远程引爆一个 伊拉克的IED
And so I think what we're going to see is two trends take place with this. First is, you're going to reinforce the power of individuals against governments, but then the second is that we are going to see an expansion in the realm of terrorism. The future of it may be a cross between al Qaeda 2.0 and the next generation of the Unabomber. And another way of thinking about this is the fact that, remember, you don't have to convince a robot that they're gonna receive 72 virgins after they die to convince them to blow themselves up.
所以我觉得 这会带来两个趋势 第一,个人 对抗政府的力量将会增强 第二 我们将会看到 恐怖主义的会扩展 未来可能会出现一种 由基地组织2.0和 新一代的炸弹客交汇的产物 换句话说 实际上,请记住,你不需要 用这样的理由说服一个机器人 让它相信死后能得到72个处女 从而说服它们去做人肉炸弹
But the ripple effects of this are going to go out into our politics. One of the people that I met with was a former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Ronald Reagan, and he put it this way: "I like these systems because they save American lives, but I worry about more marketization of wars, more shock-and-awe talk, to defray discussion of the costs. People are more likely to support the use of force if they view it as costless."
而这涟漪作用也将会渗入 我们的政治。我所见过的 其中一人是罗纳德.里根的 前国务卿助理。他这么说: “我喜欢这些系统 因为它们能拯救美国人的性命,但我担心 战争的市场化 以更多的震慑行动 来减轻关于代价的讨论 人们更倾向于支持武力手段 如果他们认为这代价很低。”
Robots for me take certain trends that are already in play in our body politic, and maybe take them to their logical ending point. We don't have a draft. We don't have declarations of war anymore. We don't buy war bonds anymore. And now we have the fact that we're converting more and more of our American soldiers that we would send into harm's way into machines, and so we may take those already lowering bars to war and drop them to the ground.
对于我来说,机器人 将一些已经存在在我们政治中的趋势 带到了它们 逻辑的终点 我们不再拟稿,我们也 不再宣战。 我们不再购买战争债券 而现在事实上我们正在 正在将越来越多的美军士兵 那些本应亲身赴险的士兵 替换成机器人 将已经非常低的战争门槛 一降到底。
But the future of war is also going to be a YouTube war. That is, our new technologies don't merely remove humans from risk. They also record everything that they see. So they don't just delink the public: they reshape its relationship with war. There's already several thousand video clips of combat footage from Iraq on YouTube right now, most of it gathered by drones.
但未来的战争也会是 一场 Youtube 战争 也就是说,我们的新科技不仅仅 消除了人类的危险 它们也记录着我们看到的一切 所以它们不仅让大众与战争脱钩 它们重新塑造了大众和战争的关系 已经有几千个 关于伊拉克的实况视频录像 在YouTube上可以看到 大部分影像由无人机收集
Now, this could be a good thing. It could be building connections between the home front and the war front as never before. But remember, this is taking place in our strange, weird world, and so inevitably the ability to download these video clips to, you know, your iPod or your Zune gives you the ability to turn it into entertainment.
这可以是件好事 它可以在家园 和战争前线中建立一种 以前未有过的联系 但请记住,这些的发生在 我们这个奇怪荒谬的世界中 最终,只要能下载 这些录像到你的 iPod 或 Zune 你就能把它们娱乐化
Soldiers have a name for these clips. They call it war porn. The typical one that I was sent was an email that had an attachment of video of a Predator strike taking out an enemy site. Missile hits, bodies burst into the air with the explosion. It was set to music. It was set to the pop song "I Just Want To Fly" by Sugar Ray.
士兵们给这些录像取了名字 他们叫它战争色情 典型的例子是我曾收到 一封电子邮件的附件中 有一段“掠夺者”无人机攻击一个敌军据点的录像 导弹命中 人被爆炸炸入空中 录像还加了背景音乐 是流行歌曲 Sugar Ray的"I just want to Fly"
This ability to watch more but experience less creates a wrinkle in the public's relationship with war. I think about this with a sports parallel. It's like the difference between watching an NBA game, a professional basketball game on TV, where the athletes are tiny figures on the screen, and being at that basketball game in person and realizing what someone seven feet really does look like.
人们能看到更多 但却感受更少 这将对公众和战争的关系带来负面影响 我用一种体育来比喻这种关系 这是截然不同的: 在电视机前观看NBA职业篮球赛 运动员们 只是一个个银幕上的小人 而在现场看球赛时 亲身感受身高2米的人 真正是什么样子
But we have to remember, these are just the clips. These are just the ESPN SportsCenter version of the game. They lose the context. They lose the strategy. They lose the humanity. War just becomes slam dunks and smart bombs.
但我们需要记住 这些只是(战争录像)片段 这些只是类似ESPN体育中心版本的比赛片段 没有背景信息 鲜少涉及战略 更加丧失人性 战争变成了灌篮和跟踪导弹
Now the irony of all this is that while the future of war may involve more and more machines, it's our human psychology that's driving all of this, it's our human failings that are leading to these wars.
这一切中最讽刺的便是 虽然未来的战争会有 越来越多的机械参与其中 但我们人类的心理才是一切的源头 人性的弱点 才会导致战争
So one example of this that has big resonance in the policy realm is how this plays out on our very real war of ideas that we're fighting against radical groups. What is the message that we think we are sending with these machines versus what is being received in terms of the message.
有一个例子 在政策方面有着共鸣 这会如何改变 我们与激进组织的 理念战争 我们认为机械的运用 将传达出什么样的信息 以及对方将如何理解这些信息
So one of the people that I met was a senior Bush Administration official, who had this to say about our unmanning of war: "It plays to our strength. The thing that scares people is our technology." But when you go out and meet with people, for example in Lebanon, it's a very different story. One of the people I met with there was a news editor, and we're talking as a drone is flying above him, and this is what he had to say. "This is just another sign of the coldhearted cruel Israelis and Americans, who are cowards because they send out machines to fight us. They don't want to fight us like real men, but they're afraid to fight, so we just have to kill a few of their soldiers to defeat them."
我见过的其中一个人 曾经是布什政府的工作人员 他这样说起 我们的无人战争 “这是我们的长处 人们害怕的便是我们的科技” 但当你在各地和人们交谈时 比如说在黎巴嫩 人们的想法又是完全不同。我在那 我在那儿遇到的了一位新闻编辑 当我们在交谈时一架无人飞行机飞过他的头顶 然后他说了这样的话: “这只是另一个以色列人 和美国人冷血残酷的证明 他们懦弱到 只敢用机器来和我们打仗 他们不愿意像真正的男人一样来打仗 他们不敢战斗 所以我们只需要杀死少许几个士兵 便可以击溃他们。”
The future of war also is featuring a new type of warrior, and it's actually redefining the experience of going to war. You can call this a cubicle warrior. This is what one Predator drone pilot described of his experience fighting in the Iraq War while never leaving Nevada. "You're going to war for 12 hours, shooting weapons at targets, directing kills on enemy combatants, and then you get in the car and you drive home and within 20 minutes, you're sitting at the dinner table talking to your kids about their homework."
未来的战争也将引进 一种新的战士 并重新定义 上战场的经历 你可以称之为“格子间战士” 一名“掠夺者”无人机的飞行员 这样描述他的战斗经历 加入伊拉克战争的战斗,却从未离开内华达 “你参战12个小时 用武器射击目标 射杀敌军战斗人员 然后你钻进汽车 在20分钟内开车回到家 之后便坐在晚餐桌前 和孩子们聊他们的功课。"
Now, the psychological balancing of those experiences is incredibly tough, and in fact those drone pilots have higher rates of PTSD than many of the units physically in Iraq. But some have worries that this disconnection will lead to something else, that it might make the contemplation of war crimes a lot easier when you have this distance. "It's like a video game," is what one young pilot described to me of taking out enemy troops from afar. As anyone who's played Grand Theft Auto knows, we do things in the video world that we wouldn't do face to face.
现在从这两种经历汇总求得心理平衡 是极其困难的 事实上,这些无人机的飞行员 患上PTSD (创伤后压力症候群)的比率 比身在伊拉克的部队更高 但有些人更加担心 这种疏离 会使得实施战争罪行的考虑 变得更为容易,因为距离太远 “这就像是一个电子游戏。” 一位年轻的飞行员这样向我描述 从远处抹杀敌军部队的感受 任何玩过侠盗猎车手的人都知道 我们在电子世界中 会做一些我们在面对面时不会做的事情。
So much of what you're hearing from me is that there's another side to technologic revolutions, and that it's shaping our present and maybe will shape our future of war. Moore's Law is operative, but so's Murphy's Law. The fog of war isn't being lifted. The enemy has a vote.
目前你从我这听到的 就是科技革命 有着另外的一面 而它正在重塑我们现在 甚至是未来的战争 摩尔定律适用 墨菲法则同样适用 战争的迷雾并没有被吹散 敌人也要为此负责
We're gaining incredible new capabilities, but we're also seeing and experiencing new human dilemmas. Now, sometimes these are just "oops" moments, which is what the head of a robotics company described it, you just have "oops" moments. Well, what are "oops" moments with robots in war? Well, sometimes they're funny. Sometimes, they're like that scene from the Eddie Murphy movie "Best Defense," playing out in reality, where they tested out a machine gun-armed robot, and during the demonstration it started spinning in a circle and pointed its machine gun at the reviewing stand of VIPs. Fortunately the weapon wasn't loaded and no one was hurt, but other times "oops" moments are tragic, such as last year in South Africa, where an anti-aircraft cannon had a "software glitch," and actually did turn on and fired, and nine soldiers were killed.
我们在获得惊人的新能力的同时 我们也在看到以及经历 新的人性难题 有些时候这只是意外 就像一个机器人公司的领头人 描述的那样 有时意外无可避免 可是在机器人的战争中,意外代表着什么? 有些时候它们很搞笑 有时他们就像 埃迪.墨菲的电影“最佳防御”中的场景 在现实中重演一般 当他们在试用一个装备着机关枪的机器人时 在模拟中它将机关枪对准了 那些旁观的重要人物们 并开始原地转圈 幸亏那武器没有装载弹药 也没有人受伤 但其他的时候,意外时刻非常悲惨 就像去年在南非 当一个对空炮发生了 “软件故障”时,它真的转过头来开火 导致了9名士兵死亡
We have new wrinkles in the laws of war and accountability. What do we do with things like unmanned slaughter? What is unmanned slaughter? We've already had three instances of Predator drone strikes where we thought we got bin Laden, and it turned out not to be the case. And this is where we're at right now. This is not even talking about armed, autonomous systems with full authority to use force. And do not believe that that isn't coming. During my research I came across four different Pentagon projects on different aspects of that.
我们的战争法律和责任 也有了新的变化 我们该怎么处理像无人机屠杀这种事情? 无人机屠杀是什么? 我们已经有了三起 我们以为掠夺者无人飞行载具攻击的 是本.拉登但后来发现 并非如此的事故 这就是我们现在的处境 这还远远没到武装过的 有着可以决定使用武力的权威的 自主系统 别想着这一天不会到来 在我的研究中我在 五角大楼中见过了4项 关于它的不同方面的项目
And so you have this question: what does this lead to issues like war crimes? Robots are emotionless, so they don't get upset if their buddy is killed. They don't commit crimes of rage and revenge. But robots are emotionless. They see an 80-year-old grandmother in a wheelchair the same way they see a T-80 tank: they're both just a series of zeroes and ones. And so we have this question to figure out: How do we catch up our 20th century laws of war, that are so old right now that they could qualify for Medicare, to these 21st century technologies?
然后你就有了这样的问题: 这将对战争罪行有什么样的影响? 机器人没有感情 他们不会因为他们的战友被杀而悲伤 他们也不会因为愤怒 和复仇而犯罪 机器人没有感情 他们会将一位在轮椅上的80岁的老太太 与一架T-80坦克一视同仁 他们都只是 一系列的0和1而已 所以我们需要解决这样的问题: 我们如何才能让20世纪的战争法则 衰老过时的 足以去领退休医保的战争法则 迎头赶上21世纪的科技
And so, in conclusion, I've talked about what seems the future of war, but notice that I've only used real world examples and you've only seen real world pictures and videos. And so this sets a great challenge for all of us that we have to worry about well before you have to worry about your Roomba sucking the life away from you. Are we going to let the fact that what's unveiling itself right now in war sounds like science fiction and therefore keeps us in denial? Are we going to face the reality of 21st century war? Is our generation going to make the same mistake that a past generation did with atomic weaponry, and not deal with the issues that surround it until Pandora's box is already opened up?
最后,做个总结 我大概预测了未来战争的趋势 但你们要注意到我只使用了 现实世界的例子 现实世界的图片和影像 这说明我们已经面对了极大的挑战 以及忧虑 远在你们需要开始担心 Roomba 机器人汲取你们的生命之前 我们是否会放任事实的发展 只是因为现在的现实所揭示的战争 听起来像科幻小说 而拒绝承认现实? 我们是否能面对 21世纪的战争的现实? 我们这一代是否会 重复上一代的错误 发射原子弹 而不去及时处理相关的问题 直到潘多拉的盒子被打开?
Now, I could be wrong on this, and one Pentagon robot scientist told me that I was. He said, "There's no real social, ethical, moral issues when it comes to robots. That is," he added, "unless the machine kills the wrong people repeatedly. Then it's just a product recall issue."
我的观点可能是错误的 一位五角大楼的机器人专家 这么告诉我。他说: “对机器人而言,社会、伦理或道德上的问题 是不存在的 当然,”他接着说,“除非那个机器人 一再杀死不该杀的人” “但那只是一个产品回收的问题。”
And so the ending point for this is that actually, we can turn to Hollywood. A few years ago, Hollywood gathered all the top characters and created a list of the top 100 heroes and top 100 villains of all of Hollywood history, the characters that represented the best and worst of humanity. Only one character made it onto both lists: The Terminator, a robot killing machine. And so that points to the fact that our machines can be used for both good and evil, but for me it points to the fact that there's a duality of humans as well.
所以这一切的终点 实际上可以参考好莱坞 几年前,好莱坞聚集了 所有的有名的主角 然后列出了好莱坞历史上前100位英雄 和前100号反面人物 可以代表人类最好 和最坏的角色。 只有一个角色同时登上了这两个名单: 终结者,一个杀戮机械 所以这指明了 我们的机械可以用来 做好事也可以做坏事 但对我来说,这意味着人类也拥有着这样的 矛盾的双面性
This week is a celebration of our creativity. Our creativity has taken our species to the stars. Our creativity has created works of arts and literature to express our love. And now, we're using our creativity in a certain direction, to build fantastic machines with incredible capabilities, maybe even one day an entirely new species. But one of the main reasons that we're doing that is because of our drive to destroy each other, and so the question we all should ask: is it our machines, or is it us that's wired for war?
这一周是祝贺我们创造力的一周。 我们的创造力 将我们这个物种带上太空 我们的创造力产生了伟大的艺术作品 以及文学作品来表达人类之爱 而现在,我们将创造力 用在了一个特殊领域 用于制造具有强大能力的奇异机械 甚至可能某一天 会制造出一个全新的物种。 但我们这么做的 主要原因之一却是因为 我们想要毁灭他人的欲望 所有人都需要问这样一个问题: 究竟是机械还是我们自身 才是为战争而生的?
Thank you. (Applause)
谢谢。(掌声)