A few years ago, I got a call from the highest ranking legal official in the state of Georgia: the attorney general. That moment was a wake-up call. It was 2013, and the city of Atlanta was hosting the Final Four basketball tournament. The AG called to ask if the company that I worked for could help sponsor billboards that would be put up around the city as part of an anti-human trafficking campaign. He said this was important because sex trafficking spikes with big sporting events and with conventions. And the billboards would help to raise awareness.
幾年前, 我接到一通電話,是喬治亞州 官階最高的司法官員打來的: 也就是總檢察長。 那個時刻,是喚醒我的時刻。 當時是 2013 年,亞特蘭大市 在主辦最後四強的籃球巡迴賽。 總檢察長打給我是要問 我服務的公司是否能夠 協助贊助廣告牌, 會放在城市各處, 這是反人口性販運活動的一部分。 他說這很重要, 因為性販運的高峰期 是運動活動以及大會舉辦的時候。 而廣告牌可以協助 讓大家更意識到這件事。
Now, if I'm being honest with you, my first inclination was to politely decline.
如果要我老實說, 我一開始是傾向要 很有禮貌地婉拒。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Let's face it -- there are thousands of things that corporate America could get involved in. Sex trafficking seemed a little messy. Little bit too difficult, something that is better left for someone else.
咱們要面對現實—— 美國大企業可以 涉入的事物就有幾千種, 性販運似乎有一點太亂了。 有點太困難, 最好還是留給別人做。
But then I started to understand and learn how big the problem really is. And that it's rampant in my company's home town.
但我接著便開始了解 這個問題實際上有多嚴重。 且這問題在我公司的家鄉十分猖獗。
I lived and worked in Atlanta for years. I practice law here. And yet, I had no idea that the birthplace of my children is among the most prevalent cities for sex trafficking in the US. At last report, Atlanta's illegal sex trade has generated up to 290 million dollars a year. That's more money that the city's illegal gun and drug trade combined.
我在亞特蘭大 居住和工作了很多年。 我在這裡執行法律業務。 但我卻完全不知道我孩子的出生地 是美國性販運最流行的城市之一。 根據最新的報告, 亞特蘭大的非法性交易 每年能賺高達 2 億 9 千萬美元。 這數字比亞特蘭大的非法槍枝 與毒品交易加起來還要高。
So we stepped up and we helped with the billboards. But I couldn't help feeling like it wasn't enough. The parent in me, the mother in me needed to do more.
所以我們決定站出來 協助廣告牌一事。 但我還是一直覺得這樣做並不夠。 我體內的那個家長, 那個母親,必須要做更多。
I started talking to people about this and inevitably, I was surprised, because the conversation would turn from curiosity: "Really? This happens here?" to empathy: "Wow, we've got to do something about that." To blame: "You're not telling me that every prostitute is a victim, are you? I mean, don't they know what they're getting into?"
我開始和別人談這件事, 無可避免地,我感到很驚訝, 因為我們的對談會從好奇心: 「真的?這裡有這種事?」 轉為同理心:「哇,我們 得要為此盡一份心力。」 再轉為責怪:「你不是在告訴我 每個妓女都是受害者吧? 我的意思是,她們難道 不知道自己在做什麼嗎?」
I get it, I understand why people are confused. So, to be clear, the people that I'm talking about do not choose this life. They're forced, defrauded or coerced. That's actually the legal definition for human trafficking under federal law, for adults. Now, when it comes to kids, any minor under 18 that's transported, facilitated or used for commercial sex, is automatically a victim. Regardless of whether force, fraud or coercion is used. This crime knows no age, gender or socioeconomic barrier.
我懂,我能了解 為什麼大家會感到困惑。 所以,先說清楚,我在談論的那些人 並不是自己選擇這樣的生活。 她們是被強迫的、 被騙去的,或被威脅的。 其實這就是在聯邦法律中 對於成人人口販運的法律定義。 至於孩子, 如果任何 18 歲以下的人 被運送、促使或利用而去做性交易, 這個人就自動歸為受害者。 不論是否有強迫、詐欺或威脅。 這種犯罪才不分年齡、
I'm talking about the 16-year-old girl that I met in Washington, DC.
性別,或社會經濟障礙。
She had been trafficked from the time she was 14 until she was 16. She was a victim of the foster care system. And she told me she'd been sold up to five times a day. She didn't even know the term "human trafficking;" she thought that it was just a part of her life as a foster care kid.
我在說的是一位 16 歲的女孩, 我在華盛頓遇見她。 她從 14 到 16 歲的 這段時間,一直被販運。 她是寄養照顧體制下的受害者。 她告訴我,她曾有一天 被賣出去五次的記錄。 她甚至不知道 「人口販運」這個詞, 她以為身為寄養孩子, 這本來就是生活的一部分。
Sex trafficking also shows up in affluent areas and gated communities. And men lure young girls into sex trafficking situations with promises of modeling contracts, cell phones. Sometimes they're just kidnapped right off the street. In the US, an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 girls and boys are anticipated to be used for commercial sex trafficking every year. You heard that right -- girls and boys. Worldwide, the International Labor Organization estimates that up to one million children a year are vulnerable for sex trafficking. Those numbers are huge. And so while the billboards are great for raising awareness generally, they're just not enough to put an end to this problem. I believe that if we're going to be serious about sex trafficking, we can't legislate or arrest our way out of modern-day slavery. If we really want to end sex trafficking in the US, we have to systematically educate and target demand. And I think the business community is in the perfect position to do just that.
性販運也會出現在 富裕的地區和封閉社區內。 男人會引誘年輕女孩去做性販運, 向她們保證能得到 當模特兒的合約、手機。 有時,她們就直接在街上被綁走。 在美國, 估計每年有 20 到 30 萬名女孩與男孩 可能會被用來做商業性販運。 你們沒聽錯——女孩與男孩。 國際勞工組織估計, 在全世界,每年有 高達一百萬名兒童 很容易受到性販運的傷害。 這數字相當可觀。 所以,雖然廣告牌對於 提升意識一般來說是很有用的, 但它們並不足以終止這個問題。 我相信,如果我們 要認真看待性販運, 我們不能靠立法或逮捕 來脫離現代奴隸制度。 如果我們真的想要 終止美國的性販運, 我們得要系統性地做教育 並把目標放在需求上。 我認為,如果要這麼做, 企業界就處在非常適合的位置上。
So, sex trafficking is big business. And I'm proposing a business plan that starts with the customer. And in the sex trade, the customer is referred to as a John. He is the man that fuels the demand for sex trafficking. Johns do not fit into neat stereotypes. But there is one universal truth: no John, no buyer, no victim. So if we want to start to put a dent in sex trafficking, we have to get to John. And businesses can do that while he's at work.
性販運是很大的生意。 而我要提出一項商業計畫, 這項計畫始於客戶。 在性交易中, 客戶被稱為「約翰」。 就是他在助長性販運的需求。 並沒有很清楚的刻板印象 可以代表約翰。 但有一項全球共通的事實: 若沒有約翰,就沒有買家, 就不會有受害者。 所以,如果我們想要 開始減少性販運, 我們得要對約翰下手。 當約翰在工作時, 企業就可以這麼做。
There's an organization called Businesses Ending Slavery and Trafficking, or BEST for short. And when they launched in 2012, they did a study of Seattle-based Johns. And you know what they found out? Johns are everyday guys, employed at local businesses. They range in age from 18 to 84. Johns are dads. Johns have admitted that they buy sex when they are traveling for business, when they're going to sporting events or when they're in the military. But here's the kicker. BEST study determined that web-based sex buying spikes at 2pm in the afternoon. Which means that these Johns are likely buying sex in the middle of the workday.
有一個組織叫做 「企業終止奴役和販運」, 縮寫為 BEST。 2012 年上路時, 他們做了一項研究, 對象是西雅圖的約翰。 你們知道他們發現什麼嗎? 約翰是我們每天會遇到的 那種平凡男性,受僱於當地企業。 從 18 歲到 84 歲都有。 有些約翰是人父。 約翰承認,他們可能買春的時間 包括因公出差時, 去參加運動活動時, 或是在軍中時。 但,精采的在後頭。 BEST 的研究發現,在網路上買春 最熱門的時段是下午兩點。 也就是說,這些約翰很有可能 是在平日工作時段去買春的。
I believe that there is a way to stop Johns in the middle of the workday from buying sex. And businesses can do it in three simple ways.
我相信有方法可以阻止約翰 在平日工作時段去買春。 有三種方法,可以讓企業 輕鬆做到這一點。
The first is with a policy. A policy that clearly says, the company prohibits sex-buying during work, with company resources or on company time. That's right. I'm saying that your handbook has to specifically give an example that says no sex-buying while you're traveling, at the international trade show, because that's where it's happening. Now, a policy is only as good as its enforcement and its communication. Several studies have indicated from Johns that the best way to deter them is public humiliation and embarrassment. So, businesses who catch Johns buying sex, using company-based equipment or company resources, but cut them a break or sweep it under the rug and don't fire them, are complicit in fueling demand.
第一種是政策。 建立一項政策,清楚地陳述 公司禁止在工作時段用公司資源 或用在公司工作的時間來買春。 沒錯。 我的意思就是,你的手冊上 必須要明確舉例, 規定不可以在出差的時間買春, 不可以在國際商展上買春, 因為買春發生的地方就是那裡。 政策要有用, 需要能執行且要能溝通。 許多研究都指出, 依據約翰的說法, 嚇阻他們最好的方式 就是公開羞辱以及讓他們難堪。 所以,企業如果逮到約翰 用公司裡的設備或公司資源來買春, 卻放他們一馬或是把事情埋掉, 且沒有開除他們, 那就算是助長買春需求的同謀。
Now, a policy is one of the best ways to start. The second way is educating the workforce. Businesses can go a long way in simply training their workforce about the signs and the red flags of human trafficking. This was my "aha!" moment for how our company could make a big difference. Our nation's highways, airports and truck stops are literally used as modern-day slave routes. Our company has more than 100,000 drivers all over the country, all over the world. And so it made perfect sense to train them to see the red flags. We don't want them jumping out there and doing things on their own, so we want them to call a phone number, the hotline, and let law enforcement intervene.
制訂政策是開始執行 最好的方式之一。 第二種方法是去教育員工。 企業單單是要訓練 其員工,讓他們了解 人口販運的徵兆及警訊就很費時了。 就在這時刻,我靈光一現,想出 我們公司如何能造成很大的不同。 我們國家的高速公路、 機場,以及貨車站 都是被用來做現代奴隸路線。 我們的公司在全國,在全世界, 有超過十萬名司機。 所以,訓練他們 發現警訊是很合理的。 我們不希望他們自己 跳出去採取行動, 我們希望他們能撥打熱線電話, 讓執法人員來介入。
So to do this, we teamed up with an organization called Truckers Against Trafficking. This Colorado-based organization had web-based support and materials that we gave to our truck drivers that gave them exactly what they needed to spot the red flags. Like, hearing CB chatter on their radios about girls at nearby exits. Or, seeing underaged women emerging from vehicles in the truck stop parking lots. When we rolled out this training, a few brave drivers admitted they had seen these women, knocking on the cabs in the truck stops, looking for customers. Now, they said that they weren't buying. But they also didn't know enough to make a call. And that's what we want them to do.
為了做到這一點, 我們和一個叫做「卡車司機反 人口販運」的組織合作。 這個組織位在科羅拉多, 有網路支援和工具, 可以提供給我們的卡車司機, 這正是他們需要的, 可以幫他們發現警訊。 比如,聽到有人透過民用波段 不斷在無線電上講著附近的女孩。 或是,在貨車站的停車場看到 未成年女性從車子裡出來。 當我們推出這項訓練時, 有幾位勇敢的司機承認 他們曾經看過這類女性, 在貨車站去敲計程車車窗, 想要拉客。 他們說他們沒有買春。 但他們知道的不夠, 無法打電話呈報。 而那就是我們希望他們做的事。
TAT's organization -- Truckers Against Trafficking -- also emphasizes the need for men to talk to other men about web-based sex buying and not buying commercial sex. They feature men in uniform, proudly proclaiming why they don't buy. If we're going to see a cultural shift in this atrocity, we need men talking to other men about the underlying issues fueling demand. Because sometimes, Johns don't even know that they're purchasing girls who are enslaved.
TAT 的組織—— TAT 就是 卡車司機反人口販運—— 也強調有必要讓男人 來跟其他男人談, 談在網路上買春以及不要做性交易。 他們主打的是穿制服的男人, 很驕傲地聲明他們為什麼不買春。 如果我們希望能見到 這暴行有文化上的改變, 我們就需要讓男人來和男人談, 談助長需求的背後會有什麼議題。 因為,有時約翰甚至不知道 他們買的女孩是被奴役的。
Which brings me to my final way that businesses can help. Every business has a special resource or a secret sauce or resource that they can bring to fight human trafficking. For example, Visa, Master Card and American Express refuse to process transactions from backpage.com, an online sex site that sold commercial sex to the tune of nine million dollars a month. In April of 2018, backpage.com and affiliated websites were shut down, and the FBI seized all their assets.
這就要帶到企業可以 幫上忙的最後一種方法了。 每間企業都有特殊的資源 或是秘密醬料或資源, 是他們可以拿來對抗人口販運的。 比如,VISA 卡、萬事達卡, 和美國運通卡 都拒絕處理來自 backpage.com 的交易, 那是一個性網站,販售商業性交, 一個月可以做到大約九百萬美元。 2018 年四月,backpage.com 與附屬的網站都關閉了, 聯邦調查局依法扣押了 他們的所有資產。
Hiring survivors is another way that any company can help. Randstad, an organization that works with companies to find survivors who need good jobs, has an excellent program, called Hire Hope. We've used this program; we know that it works. In addition to training their flight attendants and their airline crew, Delta Air Lines also offers SkyMiles, through a program called SkyWish, to survivors to help them escape their traffickers and reunite with their families. There are thousands of things that businesses can do. They just have to decide what to do to join the fight.
還有一種方法可以幫忙,任何公司 都能做到,就是僱用倖存者。 任仕達這個組織會和公司合作 來找到需要好工作的倖存者, 該組織有個很棒的方案, 叫做「僱用希望」。 我們一直在用這個方案, 我們知道它是行得通的。 除了訓練他們的空服員 及航空機組員之外, 達美航空也透過一個叫「天空 願望」的方案,提供「天空哩程」 給倖存者,來協助他們 逃離販運他們的人, 並和家人團聚。 企業能做的事數以千計。 它們只需要決定要做什麼 來加入這場戰爭。
No one can justify slavery today. But I believe it remains one of the greatest civil rights atrocities of our time. Fortunately, the business community is uniquely positioned to help train their employees, to enforce policies and to help use their special resources to fight human trafficking.
現今沒有人能把奴役制給正當化。 但我相信它仍然是 我們這個時代最大的公民權殘暴行為。 幸運的是,企業界有很獨特的位置, 可以協助訓練其員工、 執行政策, 以及協助使用其特殊資源 來對抗人口販運。
And what about you? What if you decided to learn the red flags? What if you decided to look at the signs that are all around you and make a call? There is no penalty for calling law enforcement when you see something that doesn't sit right. Together, we can all protect our children, we can educate the workforces around us and improve society, where we all live and work with John.
你們呢? 如果你決定要去了解警訊,會如何? 如果你決定要去看你身邊的徵兆 並撥打電話,會如何? 如果你看到什麼不太對勁的事, 打電話給執法單位並不會受到處罰。 我們可以同心協力保護我們的孩子, 我們可以教育我們周圍的勞工, 並改善社會, 我們所有人和約翰都一同 在這個社會生活、工作。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)