I was informed by this kind of unoriginal and trite idea that new technologies were an opportunity for social transformation, which is what drove me then, and still, it's a delusion that drives me now. I wanted to update what I've been doing since then -- but it's still the same theme song -- and introduce you to my lab and current work, which is the Environmental Health Clinic that I run at NYU. And what it is -- it's a twist on health. Because, really, what I'm trying to do now is redefine what counts as health. It's a clinic like a health clinic at any other university, except people come to the clinic with environmental health concerns, and they walk out with prescriptions for things they can do to improve environmental health, as opposed to coming to a clinic with medical concerns and walking out with prescriptions for pharmaceuticals.
Informirana sam ovom neoriginalnom i trivijalnom idejom da su nove tehnologije prilika za društvenu transformaciju, što me pokretalo onda, i još uvijek, to je zabluda koja me pokreće sada. Htjela sam ažurirati ono što sam radila od tada -- ali i dalje je to ista pjesma -- i predstavljam vam svoj laboratorij i rad, koji je Klinika za zdravlje okoliša koju vodim na Sveučilištu u New Yorku. I ono što to jest - to je drugi pogled na zdravlje. Jer, ono što pokušavam raditi sada je redefinirati što je to zdravlje. To je klinika kao zdravstvena klinika na bilo kojem sveučilištu, osim što ljudi dolaze na kliniku sa problemima vezanim uz okoliš, i odlaze s receptima za stvari koje mogu raditi da bi poboljšali zdravlje okoliša, nasuprot dolasku u kliniku sa zdravstvenim problemima i izlaskom sa receptima za lijekove.
It's a handy-dandy quote from Hippocrates of the Hippocratic oath that says, "The greater part of the soul lays outside the body, treatment of the inner requires treatment of the outer." But that suggests the issue that I'm trying to get at here, that we have an opportunity to redefine what is health. Because this idea that health is internal and atomized and individual and pharmaceutical is largely an error. And I would use this study, a recent study by Philip Landrigan, to motivate a different view of health, where he went to most of the pediatricians in Manhattan and the New York area and logged what they spent their patient hours on. 80 to 90 percent of their time was spent on five things. Number one was asthma, number two was developmental delays, number three was 400-fold increases in rare childhood cancers in the last eight to 10, 15 years. Number four and five were childhood obesity and diabetes-related issues. So all of those -- what's common about all of those? The environment is implicated, radically implicated, right. This is not the germs that medicos were trained to deal with; this is a different definition of health, health that has a great advantage because it's external, it's shared, we can do something about it, as opposed to internal, genetically predetermined or individualized.
To je zgodan citat Hipokrita iz Hipokritove zakletve koji kaže, "Veći dio duše leži izvan tijela, tretiranje vanjštine traži tretiranje nutrine." Ali to predlaže problem kojim se želim pozabaviti, da imamo priliku redefinirati što je zdravlje. Jer ta ideja da je zdravlje nutarnje i atomizirano i individualno i farmaceutsko je većinom pogreška. I koristila bih ovu studiju, nedavnu studiju Philipa Landrigana, da motiviram drugačiji pogled na zdravlje, gdje je on otišao do većine pedijatara na Manhattanu i u područje New Yorka i pratio na što troše vrijeme s pacijentima. 80 do 90 posto vremena trošili su na pet stvari. Prva stvar je astma, druga je problemi u razvoju, treća je 400struko povećanje u rijetkim dječjim oblicima raka u zadnjih osam do 10,15 godina. Broj četiri i pet bili su dječja pretilost i problemi vezani uz dijabetes. Dakle, svi oni -- što im je zajedničko? Okoliš je impliciran, radikalno, zar ne? To nisu bacili s kojima smo trenirani boriti se, ovo je druga definicija zdravlja, zdravlja koje ima veliku prednost jer je vanjsko, dijeljeno, možemo nešto učiniti u vezi s tim, nasuprot internim, genetski predodređenim ili individualiziranim.
People who come to the clinic are called, not patients, but impatients, because they're too impatient to wait for legislative change to address local and environmental health issues. And I meet them at the University, I also have a few field offices that I set up in various places that provide an immersion in some of the environmental challenges we face. I like this one from the Belgian field office, where we met in a roundabout, precisely because the roundabout iconified the headless social movement that informs much social transformation, as opposed to the top-down control of red light traffic intersections. In this case, of course, the roundabout with that micro-decisions being made in situ by people not being told what to do. But, of course, affords greater throughput, fewer accidents, and an interesting model of social movement.
Ljudi koji dođu u kliniku ne zovu se pacijenti već impacijenti, jer su previše nestrpljivi (impatient) da čekaju promjenu zakona koji će se pozabaviti utjecajem okoliša na zdravlje. I susrećem se s njima na sveučilištu, uz nekoliko ureda na terenu koje postavljam na različitim mjestima koji predstavljaju imerziju u neke od izazova s kojima se susrećemo. Sviđa mi se ovaj iz ureda u Belgiji, gdje smo se susreli na kružnom toku, jer je kružni tok predstavljao obezglavljeni društveni pokret koji informira društvenu transformaciju naprotiv kontrole s vrha crvenih svjetala raskrižja. U ovom slučaju naravno, kružni tok sa tom mikro odlukom napravljenom na licu mjesta od strane ljudi kojima nije rečeno što da čine. Ali naravno, omogućuje veći protok, manje nezgoda, i zanimljiv model društvenog pokreta.
Some of the things that the monitoring protocols have developed: this is the tadpole bureaucrat protocol, or keeping tabs, if you will. What they are is an addition of tadpoles that are named after a local bureaucrat whose decisions affect your water quality. So an impatient concerned for water quality would raise a tadpole bureaucrat in a sample of water in which they're interested. And we give them a couple of things to do that, to help them do companion animal devices while they're blogging and doing their email. This is a tadpole walker to take your tadpole walking in the evening. And the interesting thing that happens -- because we're using tadpoles, of course, because they have the most exquisite biosenses that we have, several orders of magnitude more sensitive than some of our senses for sensing, responding in a biologically meaningful way, to that whole class of industrial contaminants we call endocrine disruptors or hormone emulators.
Neke od stvari koje su protokoli nadziranja razvili: ovo je birokratski protokol punoglavca, ili praćenje, ako tako želite. To je dodavanje punoglavaca s imenima lokalnih birokrata čije odluke utječu na kvalitetu vode. Dakle, impacijent zabrinut za kvalitetu vode uzgojio bi punoglavca birokrata u uzorku vode koji ih brine. I dajemo im nekoliko stvari da to naprave, kako bi im pomogli da naprave prateće životinjske uređaje dok pišu i šalju mailove. Ovo je šetač punoglavaca za šetanje punoglavca svake večeri. I zanimljiva stvar koja se dogodi -- jer koristimo punoglavce, naravno, jer imaju najčudesnija bio-osjetila koja imamo, nekoliko puta osjetljivija od nekih naših osjetila za osjet, koja reagiraju na biološki značajan način, toj cijeloj klasi industrijskih onečišćivaća koje zovemo endokrini remetitelji ili emulatori hormona.
But by taking your tadpole out for a walk in the evening -- there's a few action shots -- your neighbors are likely to say, "What are you doing?" And then you have to introduce your tadpole and who it's named after. You have to explain what you're doing and how the developmental events of a tadpole are, of course, very observable and they use the same T3-mediated hormones that we do. And so next time your neighbor sees you they'll say, "How is that tadpole doing?" And you can let them social network with your tadpole, because the Environmental Health Clinic has a social networking site for, not only impatients, humans, but non-humans, social networking for humans and non-humans. And of course, these endocrine disruptors are things that are implicated in the breast cancer epidemic, the obesity epidemic, the two and a half year drop in the average age of onset of puberty in young girls and other related things. The culmination of this is if you've successfully raised your tadpole, observing the behavioral and developmental events, you will then go and introduce your tadpole to its namesake and discuss the evidence that you've seen.
Ali šetajući našeg punoglavca navečer -- postoji nekoliko fotografija akcije -- vaši susjedi reći, "Što radite?" I onda morate predstaviti svog punoglavca i prema kome je nazvan. Morate objasniti što radite i kako razvoj punoglavca možete promatrati i da koriste iste hormone kao i mi. Tako da sljedeći put kad vas susjed vidi reći će, "Kako je taj punoglavac?" I možete im dozvoliti da se druže s njim, jer Klinika za zdravlje okoliša ima stranicu za povezivanje ne samo za impacijente, ljude, već i za ne-ljude, društveno povezivanje za ljude i ne-ljude, I naravno, ovi endokrini disruptori su stvari koje su implicirane u epidemiju raka dojke, epidemiju pretilosti, raniji početak puberteta za djevojčice i druge vezane stvari. Kulminacija ovoga je ako ste uspješno uzgojili punoglavca, promatrajući događaje ponašanja i razvoja, predstavit ćete svog punoglavca njegovom imenjaku i raspraviti dokaze koje ste vidjeli.
Another quick protocol -- and I'm going to go through these quickly, but just to give you the material sense of what we're doing here -- instead of asking you for urine samples, I'll ask you for a mouse sample. Anyone here lucky enough to share, to cohabit with a mouse -- a domestic partnership with mice? Very lucky. Mice, of course, are the quintessential model organism. They're even better models of environmental health, because not only the same mammalian biology, but they share your diet, largely. They share your environmental stressors, the asbestos levels and lead levels, whatever you're exposed to. And they're geographically more limited than you are, because we don't know if you've been exposed to persistent organic pollutants in your home, or occupationally or as a child. Mice are a very good representation. So it starts by building a better mousetrap, of course. This is one of them.
Drugi brzi protokol -- i brzo ću proći kroz njih, ali da vam dam uvid u ono što radimo -- Da ne tražimo uzorke urina, tražit ću vas uzorak miša. Da li ovdje netko dijeli životni prostor s mišem -- ima partnerstvo s mišem? Doista ste sretni. Miševi su naravno osnova, uzorak organizma. Još su bolji model okolišnog zdravlja, jer ne samo da imaju biologiju sisavca, nego većinom dijele i našu ishranu. Dijele društvene stresore, nivoe azbesta i olova, čemu god ste izloženi. I geografski su ograničeniji nego vi, jer ne znamo da li ste bili izloženi ustrajnim organskim onečišćenjima u vašem domu, ili zanimanjem ili kao dijete. Miševi su dobar predstavnik. Tako da to počinje gradnjom bolje mišolovke, naravno. Ovo je jedna od njih.
Coping with environmental stressors is tricky. Is anybody here on antidepressants? (Laughter) There's a lot of people in Manhattan are. And we were testing if the mice would also self-administer SSRIs. So this was Prozac, this was Zoloft, this was a black jellybean and this was muscle relaxant, all of which were the medications that the impatient was taking. So do you think the mice self-administered antidepressants? What's the -- (Audience: Sure. Yes.) How did you know that? They did. This was vodka and solution, gin and solution. This guy also liked plain water and the muscle relaxant. Where's our expert? Vodka, gin -- (Audience: [unclear]) Yes. Yes. You know your mice well. They did, yes. So they drank as much vodka as they did plain water, which was interesting. Then of course, it goes into the entrapment device. There's an old cellphone in there -- a good use for old cellphones -- which dials the clinic, we go and pick up the mouse. We take the blood sample and do the blood work and hair work on the mice.
Nositi se s okolišnim stresorima je nezgodno. Koristi li netko ovdje antidepresive? (Smijeh) Pa puno ljudi na Manhattanu to radi. I testirali smo bi li si miševi sami propisivali takvu terapiju. Ovo je bio Prozac, ovo je bio Zoloft, ovo je bio žele bonbon, a ovo sredstvo za opuštanje mišića, što su sve lijekovi koje je uzimao impacijent. Mislite li da su miševi sami uzimali antidepresive? Koji je -- (Publika: Naravno. Da.) Kako ste znali to? Jesu. Ovo je bila votka i otopina, gin i otopina. Ovaj je volio običnu vodu i sredstvo za opuštanje mišića. Gdje je naš stručnjak? Vodka, gin -- (Publika: nerazgovijetno) Da. Da. Znate miševe. Jesu. Da. Pili su istu količinu votke kao i obične vode što je bilo zanimljivo. Naravno, onda su ušli u klopku. Tu je stari mobitel -- dobra uporaba -- koji poziva kliniku, a mi odemo pokupiti miša. Uzimamo uzorak krvi i analiziramo krv i dlake miša.
And I want to sort of point out the big advantage of framing health in this external way. But we do have a few prescription products through this. It's very different from the medical model. Anything you do to improve your water quality or air quality, or to understand it or to change it, the benefits are enjoyed by anyone you share that water quality or air quality with. And that aggregating effect, that collective action effect, is actually something we can use to our advantage. So I want to show you one prescription product in the clinic called the No Park. This is a prescription to improve water quality. Many impatients are very concerned for water quality and air quality. What we do is we take a fire hydrant, a "no parking" space associated with a fire hydrant, and we prescribe the removal of the asphalt to create an engineered micro landscape, to create an infiltration opportunity.
I želim istaknuti veliku prednost uokvirivanja zdravlja na ovaj način. Ali imamo nekoliko lijekova na recept u ovome. Puno je drugačije od medicinskog modela. Bilo što što radite da popravite kvalitetu vode ili zraka, ili da ju razumijete ili promijenite, u blagodatima uživaju svi s kojima dijelite kvalitetu vode ili zraka. I taj agregacijski efekt, taj kolektivni efekt djelovanja, je nešto što možemo iskoristiti. Tako da vam želim pokazati jedan lijek na recept iz klinike koji se zove Ne Park. Ovo je recept za poboljšanje kvalitete vode. Mnogi impacijenti su zabrinuti oko kvalitete zraka i vode. Uzmemo hidrant, mjesto gdje se ne smije parkirati zbog hidranta, i predložimo uklanjanje asfalta da bi se stvorio mikro okoliš koji bi stvorio priliku za infiltraciju.
Because, many of you will know, that the biggest pollution burden that we have on the New York, New Jersey harbor right now is no longer the point sources, no longer the big polluters, no longer the GEs, but that massive network of roads, [those] impervious surfaces, that collect all that cadmium neurotoxin that comes from your brake liners or the oily hydrocarbon waste in every single storm event and medieval infrastructure washes it straight into the estuary system. That doesn't do a lot of good. These are little opportunities to intercept those pollutants before they enter the harbor, and they're produced by impatients on various city blocks in some very interesting ways. I just want to say it was sort of a rule of thumb though, there's about two or three fire hydrants on every city block. By creating engineered micro landscapes to infiltrate in them, we don't prevent them from being used as emergency vehicle parking spaces, because, of course, a firetruck can come and park there. They flatten a few plants. No big deal, they'll regenerate. But if we did this in every single -- every fire hydrant we could redefine the emergency. That 99 percent of the time when a firetruck is not parking there, it's infiltrating pollutants. It's also increasing fixing CO2s, sequestering some of the airborne pollutants. And aggregated, these smaller interceptions could actually infiltrate all the roadborne pollution that now runs into the estuary system, up to a seven inch rain event, up to a hundred-year storm.
Jer, mnogi će znati, da najveće opterećenje zagađenjem koje imamo u New Yorku, New Jerseyu sada nisu više izvorišne točke, nisu više veliki zagađivači, nisu više tvornice, nego masivna mreža cesta, te nepregledne površine, koje skupljaju kadmijev neurotoksin koji dolazi iz vaših kočnica ili uljastog karboniziranog otpada kod svake oluje i srednjevjekovna infrastruktura koja ga ispire u estuarijski sustav. To nije baš dobro. To su male prilike gdje možemo presresti te onečišćivaće prije nego uđu u luku, a stvaraju ih impacijenti u različitim dijelovima grada na zanimljive načine. Samo želim reći da je pravilo, postoji dva ili tri hidranta u svakom dijelu grada. Gradeći mikro okoliše kako bismo ih infiltrirali ne sprječavamo njihovo korištenje kao mjesto za hitno parkiranje vozila, jer naravno, vatrogasno vozilo može doći i tamo parkirati. Pregaze par biljaka. Nema veze, obnovit će se. Ali ako napravimo ovo u svakom -- kod svakog hidranta mogli bi redefinirati hitne slučajeve. 99 posto vremena kada vatrogasna kola tu nisu parkirana, izbacuje onečišćivaće. Također povećava smanjenje CO2, onemogućavajući neke od zrakom nošenih zagađivača. I agregirana, ova mala presretanja bi zapravo mogla prodrijeti u sva cestovna zagađenja koja protječu u estuarije, od kiše do stogodišnje oluje.
So these are small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health. This is one of the more ambitious ones. What the climate crisis has revealed to us is a secondary, more insidious and more pervasive crisis, which is the crisis of agency, which is what to do. Somehow buying a local lettuce, changing a light bulb, driving the speed limit, changing your tires regularly, doesn't seem sufficient in the face of climate crisis. And this is an interesting icon that happened -- you remember these: fallout shelters. What is the fallout shelter for the climate crisis? This was civic mobilization. Churches, school groups, hospitals, private residents -- everyone built one of these in a matter of months. And they still remain as icons of civic response in the face of shared, uncertain, collective threat.
Tako da ove male akcije mogu imati značajan učinak na popravljanje lokalnog zdravlja okoliša. Ovo je jedan od ambicioznijih. Ono što nam je klimatska kriza otkrila je sekundarna, podmuklija, i prožimajuća kriza, a to je kriza djelovanja, a to je ono što ja radim. Nekako kupovanje lokalne salate, mjenjanje žarulje, vožnja prema ograničenju, redovno mjenjanje guma, se ne čini dovoljnim kada smo suočeni s klimatskom krizom. I ovo je zanimljiva ikona koja se dogodila -- sjećate se onih skloništa. Što je sklonište kod klimatske krize? Ovo je bila građanska mobilizacija. Crkve, školske grupe, bolnice, stanovnici -- svi su izgradili ovo u roku od par mjeseci. I još uvijek ostaju kao ikone građanskog odaziva suočenog sa kolektivnom prijetnjom.
Fallout shelter for the climate crisis, I would say, looks something like this, or this, which is an intensive urban agriculture facility that's due to go on my lab building at NYU. What it does is a very simple idea of taking -- 80 to 90 percent of the CO2 produced in Manhattan is building related -- we take, just like a commercial greenhouse, we take the CO2 from the building -- CO2-enriched air -- we force it through the urban agriculture facility, and then we resupply oxygen-enriched air. You can't actually build much on a roof, they're not designed for that. So it's on legs, so it focuses all the load on the masonry walls and the columns. It's built as a barn raising, using open source hardware. This is the quarter-scale prototype that was functioning in Spain. This is what it will look like, fingers crossed, NYU willing.
Sklonište za klimatsku krizu, rekao bih, izgleda otprilike ovako, ili ovako, što je intenzivno postrojenje za urbanu poljoprivredu koje će sigurno ići na zgradu mog laboratorija na sveučilištu. Ono za što služi je vrlo jednostavna ideja uzimanja -- 80 do 90 posto CO2 nastalog na Manhattanu je vezano uz zgrade-- uzimamo, kao komercijalni staklenik, uzimamo C02 iz zgrada -- zrak obogaćen C02 -- tjeramo ga kroz urbano poljoprivredno postrojenje, i onda dobivamo kisikom obogaćen zrak. Ne možete baš graditi na krovovima, nisu za to dizajnirani. Tako da je na nogama, fokusira opterećene na ciglene zidove i stupce. Izgrađeno je kako podizanje štaglja, koristeći hardware otvorenog koda. Ovo je smanjeni prototip koji je radio u Španjolskoj. Ovako će to izgledati, nadam se, ako Sveučilšte prihvati.
And what I want to show you is -- actually this is one of the components of it that we've just recently been testing -- which is a solar chimney -- we have got 17 of them now put around New York at the moment -- that passively draws air up. You understand a solar chimney. Hot air rises. You put a bit of black plastic on the side of a building, it'll heat up, and you'll get passive airflow. What we do is actually put a standard HVAC filter on the top of that. That actually removes about 95 percent of the carbon black, that stuff that, with ozone, is responsible for about half of global warming's effects, because it changes, it settles on the snow, it changes the reflectors, it changes the transmission qualities of the atmosphere. Carbon black is that grime that otherwise lodges in your pretty pink lungs, and it's associated with. It's not good stuff, and it's from inefficient combustion, not from combustion itself. When we put it through our solar chimney, we remove actually about 95 percent of that. And then I swap it out with the students and actually re-release that carbon black. And we make pencils the length of which measures the grime that we've pulled out of the air. Here's one of them that we have up now. Here's who put them up and who are avid pencil users.
I ono što vam želim pokazati je -- ovo je jedna od komponenti koje sam nedavno testirala -- što je solarni dimnjak -- imamo ih 17 postavljenih u New Yorku -- koji pasivno uvlače zrak. Razumijete solarni dimnjak. Topao zrak se diže. Stavite malo crne plastike na stranu zgrade, zagrijat će se i dobit će te pasivni tok zraka. Ono što činimo je zapravo da stavimo običan filter na vrh toga. Koji uklanja 95 posto ugljeno crne, te stvari, koja s ozonom, je odgovorna za efekt staklenika, jer mijenja se, pada na snijeg, mjenja reflektore, mjenja prijenos kvaliteta atmosfere. Ugljeno crna je ta čađ koja se inače zaglavi u našim plućima, i povezana je s tim. Nije to dobra stvar, i dolazi od neučinkovitog izgaranja, ne od samog izgaranja. Kada prođe kroz naš solarni dimnjak, uklanjamo 95 posto toga. I onda to zamijenim sa studentima i zapravo ponovno pustim tu karbon crnu. I radimo olovke dužine čađi koju smo izvukli iz zraka. Evo jedne od njih koju imamo. Evo tko ju je postavio, i tko koristi ove olovke.
Okay, so I want to show you just two more interfaces, because I think one of our big challenges is re-imagining our relationship to natural systems, not only through this model of twisted personalized health, but through the animals with whom we cohabit. We are not alone; the animals are moving in. In fact, urban migration now describes the movement of animals formerly known as wild into urban centers. You know, coyote in Central Park, a whale in the Gowanus Canal, elk in Westchester County. It's happening all over the Developed World, probably for loss of habitat, but also because our cities are a little bit more livable than they have been. And every green space we create is an invitation for non-humans to cohabit with us. But we've kind of lacked imagination in how we could do that well or interestingly. And I want to show you a few of the technological interfaces that have been developed under the moniker of OOZ -- which is zoo backwards and without cages -- to try and reform that relationship. This is communication technology for birds. It looks like this. When a bird lands on it, they trigger a sound file. This is actually in the Whitney Museum, where there were six of them, each of which had a different argument on it, different sound file. They said things like this.
Ok, želim vam pokazati samo još dva sučelja, jer mislim da je jedan od naših velikih izazova je ponovno zamišljanje našeg odnosa s prirodnim sustavima, ne samo kroz ovaj model iskrivljenog osobnog zdravlja, već kroz životinje s kojima živimo. Nismo samo, životinje se useljavaju. Zapravo, urbana migracija sada opisuje kretanje živtinja koje smo nekad svrstavali u divlje u urbane centre. Kojoti u Central parku, kit u Gowanus kanalu, los u Westchesteru. Događa se diljem razvijenog svijeta, zbog gubitka staništa, ali i zato što su naši gradovi malo pogodniji za život nego su prije bili. I svaka zelena površina koju stvaramo je poziv za ne-ljude da žive s nama. Ali nedostajalo nam je mašte kako da to činimo dobro ili zanimljivo. I želim vam pokazati nekoliko tehnoloških sučelja koji su bili razvijeni pod paskom OOZ -- što je ZOO naopako i bez kaveza -- da pokušaju reformirati taj odnos. Ovo je komunikacijska tehnologija za ptice. Izgleda ovako. Kada ptica sleti na njega, okida zvučni dokument. Ovo je muzej Whitney, gdje ih ima šest, svaki sa drugačijim argumentom, drugačijim zvukom. Rekli su nešto poput ovoga.
(Whistling)
(Zviždanje)
Recorded Voice: Here's what you need to do. Go down there and buy some of those health food bars, the ones you call bird food, and bring it here and scatter it around. There's a good person.
Snimljeni glas: Evo što trebate napraviti. Idite tamo i kupite hranjive pločice, one koje zovete ptičja hrana, i donesite ih i raspite uokolo. To je dobra osoba.
Natalie Jeremijenko: Okay. (Laugher) So there was several of these. The birds were able to jump from one to the other. These are just your average urban pigeon. And an early test which argument elicited cooperative behavior from the people below -- about a hundred to one decided that this was the argument that worked best on us.
Natalie Jeremijenko: Ok. (Smijeh) Postoji nekoliko takvih. Ptice mogu skakati od jedne do druge. Ovo su samo obični gradski golubovi. I rani testovi koji se zalažu za kooperativno ponašanje ljudi ispod -- sto naprama jedan odlučili su da je to argument koji najbolje djeluje na nas.
Recorded Voice: Tick, tick, tick. That's the sound of genetic mutations of the avian flu becoming a deadly human flu. Do you know what slows it down? Healthy sub-populations of birds, increasing biodiversity generally. It is in your interests that I'm healthy, happy, well-fed. Hence, you could share some of your nutritional resources instead of monopolizing them. That is, share your lunch.
Snimljeni glas: Tik, tik, tik. To je zvuk genetskih mutacija ptičje gripe koja postaje smrtonosna ljudska gripa. Znate li što je usporava? Zdrava populacija ptica, te povećanje bioraznolikosti. U vašem je interesu da sam zdrav,a sretna i nahranjena. Dakle, možeš podijeliti hranu umjesto da držiš monopol. Odnosno, podijeli ručak.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
NJ: It worked, and it's true. The final project I'd like to show you is a new interface for fish that has just been launched -- it's actually officially launched next week -- with a wonderful commission from the Architectural League. You may not have known that you need to communicate with fish, but there is now a device for you to do so. It looks like this: buoys that float on the water, project three foot up, three foot down. When a fish swims underneath, a light goes on. This is what it looks like. So there's another function on here. This top light is -- I'm sorry if I'm making you seasick -- this top light is actually a water quality display that shifts from red, when the dissolved oxygen is low, to a blue/green, when its dissolved oxygen is high. And then you can also text the fish. So there's business cards down there that'll give you contact details. And they text back. When the buoys get your text, they wink at you twice to say, we've got your message. But perhaps the most popular has been that we've got another array of these boys in the Bronx River, where the first beaver -- crazy as he is -- to have moved in and built a lodge in New York in 250 years, hangs out. So updates from a beaver. You can subscribe to updates from him. You can talk to him.
NJ: To je radilo, i istinito je. Završni projekt koji vam želim pokazati je novo sučelje za ribe koje je upravo lansirano -- zapravo, službeno tek sljedećeg tjedna -- sa divnom dodjelom od Arhitektonske lige. Možda ne znate da trebate komunicirati s ribama, ali sada postoji uređaj za to. Izgleda ovako, bova koja pluta na vodi, tri stope gore, tri stope dolje. Kada riba pliva ispod toga, pali se svjetlo. Ovako to izgleda. Tako da postoji još jedna funkcija. Gornje svijetlo -- isprike ako imate morsku bolest -- gornje svjetlo je zapravo pokazatelj kvalitete vode koje se mijenja iz crvene, kada nema kisika, do plave, zelene, kada ga ima. I onda također možete slati poruke ribama. Tako da dolje imate posjetnice koje će vam dati informacije o kontaktu. I one šalju poruke natrag. Kada bove dobiju poruku, zatrepere dva puta. Ali možda su najpopularnije one koje su u Bronx rijeci, gdje je prvi dabar -- lud kakav jest -- izgradio stan u New Yorku prvi put u 250 godina. Dakle, novosti od dabra. Možete primati obavijesti. Pričati s njim.
And what I like to think of is this is an interface that re-scripts how we interact with natural systems, specifically by changing who has information, where they have it, who can make sense of that information, and what you can do about it. In this case, instead of throwing chewing gum, or Doritos or whatever you have in your pocket at the fish -- There's a body of water in Iceland that I've been dealing with that's in the middle of the city, and the largest pollution burden on it is not the roadborne pollution, it's actually white bread from people feeding the fish and the birds. Instead of doing that actually, we've developed some fish sticks that you can feed the fish. They're delicious. They're cross-species delicious that is, delicious for humans and non-humans. But they also have a chelating agent in them. They're nutritionally appropriate, not like Doritos. And so every time that desire to interact with the animals, which is at least as ubiquitous as that sign: "Do not feed the animals." And there's about three of them on every New York City park. And Yellowstone National Park, there's more "do not feed the animals" signs than there are animals you might wish to feed. But in that action, that interaction, by re-scripting that, by changing it into an opportunity to offer food that is nutritionally appropriate, that could augment the nutritional resources that we ourselves have depleted for augmenting the fish population and also adding chelating agent, which, like any chelating agent that we use medicinally, binds to the bioaccumulated heavy metals and PCBs that are in the fish living in this particular habitat and allows them to pass it out as a harmless salt where it's complexed by a reactive, effectively removing it from bioavailability.
I ono što volim činiti je gledati na ovo kao na sučelje koje ponovno piše kako djelujemo na prirodne sustave, mijenjajući tko ima ove informacije, gdje su one, tko ih može razumjeti, i što možete s njima. U ovom slučaju, umjesto bacanja žvakaće gume, ili flipsa ili što god imate u džepu ribi -.- Postoji voda u Islandu s kojom se bavim koja se nalazi usred grada, i najveći onečišćivaći nisu ispušni plinovi, već bijeli kruh kojim ljudi hrane ribe i ptice. Umjesto toga, razvili smo riblje štapiće kojima možete hraniti ribe. Ukusni su. Ukusni su za više vrsta, i ljude i neljude. Ali imaju i kcelatni agens u njima. Oni su prehrambeno prikladni, ne kao flips. I tako svaki put ta želja da budemo u interakciji sa životinjama, koja je barem učestala kao i znak: "Ne hranite životinje." I postoje barem tri u svakom parku u New Yorku. I u nacionalnom parku Yellowstone, ima više "ne hrani životinje" znakova nego životinja koje bi možda hranili. Ali u toj akciji, interakciji, ponovno pišući to, mjenjajući to u priliku da se ponudi dobra hrana, koja će poboljšati nutritivne resurse koje smo mi potrošili za povećanje populacije riba i dodavanje kcelatnog agensa, koji, kao i svaki koji koristimo u medicini, veže se na bioakumulirane teške metale i PCB-e koji su u ribi koja živi u ovoj nastambi i dozvoljava im da se izluče kao bezazlena sol gdje je složena reagensom, učinkovito ju uklanjajući iz okoliša.
But I wanted to say that interaction, re-scripting that interaction, into collective action, collective remediative action, very different from the approach that's being used on the other side on the Hudson River, where we're dredging the PCBs -- after 30 years of legislative and legal struggle, GE's paying for the dredging of the largest Superfund site in the world -- we're dredging it, and it'll probably get shipped off to Pennsylvania or the nearest Third World country, where it will continue to be toxic sludge. Displacement is not the way to deal with environmental issues. And that's typically the paradigm under which we've operated.
Ali htjela sam reći da interakcija, ponovno pisanje te interakcije, u kolektivnu akciju, kolektivnu akciju za oporavak, je potpuno drugačije od pristupa koji se koristi s druge strane rijeke Hudson, gdje iskapamo PCB -- poslije 30 godina pravne borbe, GE plaća iskapanje najveće Superfund lokacije na svijetu -- iskapamo je, i poslat ćemo je u Pennsylvaniu ili najbližu zemlju trećeg svijeta, gdje će i dalje biti toksična sluz. Premještaj nije rješenje za probleme okoliša. I to je inače paradigma koju koristimo.
By actually taking the opportunity that new technologies, new interactive technologies, present to re-script our interactions, to script them, not just as isolated, individuated interactions, but as collective aggregating actions that can amount to something, we can really begin to address some of our important environmental challenges.
No iskorištavajući priliku koju nove tehnologije, nove interaktivne tehnologije, nude kako bi ponovno pisali naše interakcije, da ih napišemo, ne kao izolirane, individualne interakcije, već kao kolektivne, agregirajuće akcije koje mogu nešto napraviti, možemo zaista početi rješavati neke od naših važnih izazova u okolišu.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)