Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics. In fact, mostly now in other things.
Pa, bavim se i drugim stvarima, pored fizike. Zapravo, trenutno se uglavnom bavim drugim stvarima.
One thing is distant relationships among human languages. And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S. and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away from any long-distance relationships, big groupings, groupings that go back a long time, longer than the familiar families. They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank. And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians, who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow, and I would love to see where that leads.
Jedna od njih su daleke veze između ljudskih jezika. Profesionalni, istorijski lingvisti u SAD i Zapadnoj Evropi se uglavnom ne bave tim "vezama na daljinu", velikim grupisanjima, grupisanjima koja se protežu dugo unazad, dalje od poznatih familija. Ne sviđa im se to; misle da je neozbiljno. Ne slažem se sa njima. Neki brilijantni lingvisti, uglavnom Rusi, rade na tome na Santa Fe Institutu i u Moskvi, i voleo bih da vidim gde ta istraživanja vode.
Does it really lead to a single ancestor some 20, 25,000 years ago? And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor, when there was presumably a competition among many languages? How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go? How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
Da li će zaista ukazati na jedinstvenog pretka koji je postojao pre nekih 20, 25 hiljada godina? I šta ako "pogledamo" pre tog jedinstvenog pretka, gde pretpostavljamo da se mnogo jezika "takmičilo"? Koliko dugo to traje? Koliko dugo postoji moderan jezik? Koliko mnogo desetina hiljada godina?
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
Kris Anderson: Imate li neku pretpostavku ili nadu vezano za odgovor na to pitanje?
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe, in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier. I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language. So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
Mari Gel-Man: Pa, pretpostavljam da moderni jezik mora biti stariji od pećinskih crteža, pećinskih gravura i pećinskih skulptura, i plesnih koraka u mekoj glini u pećinama Zapadne Evrope u Orinjasijen periodu, pre nekih 35 hiljada godina, ili čak ranije. Ne verujem da su radili sve te stvari, a da nisu imali moderan jezik. Stoga pretpostavljam da potiče iz tog vremena zapravo, a možda i iz nekog ranijeg.
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years, or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
To ne znači da svi, ili mnogi, ili većina jezika za koje danas znamo nisu mogli nastati od nekog koji je mnogo mlađi od toga, npr. 20 hiljada godina, ili nešto slično. To je ono što zovemo "usko grlo".
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right. You may just know more about everything than anyone. So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann. (Applause)
Kris Anderson: Filip Anderson je izgleda bio u pravu. Vi možda zaista znate o bilo čemu više od bilo koga. Bila nam je čast. Hvala Vam, Mari Gel-Mane. (Aplauz)