Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics. In fact, mostly now in other things.
Dakle, uključen sam i u druge stvari osim fizike. U stvari, sada se uglavnom bavim drugim stvarima.
One thing is distant relationships among human languages. And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S. and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away from any long-distance relationships, big groupings, groupings that go back a long time, longer than the familiar families. They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank. And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians, who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow, and I would love to see where that leads.
Jedna stvar su daleka srodstva među ljudskim jezicima. A profesionalni, povijesni jezikoslovci u SAD-u i Zapadnoj Europi uglavnom pokušavaju ostati po strani od bilo kakvih dalekih povezanosti; velikih grupiranja, grupiranja koja sežu daleko u prošlost, dalje od poznatih porodica jezika. Oni to ne vole; misle kako je to neozbiljno. Ja se ne slažem s time. I postoje neki briljantni jezikoslovci, uglavnom Rusi, koji na tome rade u Santa Fe institutu i u Moskvi, I volio bih vidjeti gdje će nas to odvesti.
Does it really lead to a single ancestor some 20, 25,000 years ago? And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor, when there was presumably a competition among many languages? How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go? How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
Vodi li to zaista ka jednom pretku nekih 20, 25 tisuća godina unazad? I što ako odemo još dalje od tog jedinstvenog pretka. kada je, po svoj prilici, postojalo suparništvo između mnoštva jezika? Koliko daleko moramo ići? Koliko dugo postoji moderan jezik? Koliko desetina tisuća godina to seže u povijest?
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
Chris Anderson: Imate li osjeća ili nadu kakav bi mogao biti odgovor?
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe, in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier. I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language. So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
Murray Gell-Mann: Pretpostavljam kako moderni jezik mora biti stariji od špiljskih crteža, gravura, skulptura i plesnih koraka u mekanoj glini u pećinama Zapadne Europe u razdoblju orinjasijena prije nekih 35,000 godina ili ranije. Ne mogu vjerovati kako su radili sve te stvari, a da nisu imali moderni jezik. Tako da pretpostavljam kako stvarno porijeklo seže barem dotle, a možda i dalje.
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years, or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
Ali to ne znači kako svi, ili puno, ili većina danas poznatih jezika možda ne vodi porijeklo od nekog koji je mnogo mlađi od toga, recimo 20,000 godina ili tako nešto. To je ono što nazivamo uskim grlom.
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right. You may just know more about everything than anyone. So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann. (Applause)
CA: Dakle, Philip Anderson je možda bio u pravu. Vi možda doista znate više o svemu od bilo koga drugoga. Zaista mi je bila čast. Hvala vam Murray Gell-Mann. (Pljesak)