How many of you have been to Oklahoma City?
Koliko vas je posetilo Oklahoma Siti?
Raise your hand. Yeah?
Podignite ruke. Da?
How many of you have not been to Oklahoma City and have no idea who I am? (Laughter)
Koliko vas nije posetilo Oklahoma Siti? I nemate pojma ko sam ja? (Smeh)
Most of you. Let me give you a little bit of background.
Većina vas. Dozvolite mi da vas upoznam sa činjenicama.
Oklahoma City started in the most unique way imaginable. Back on a spring day in 1889, the federal government held what they called a land run. They literally lined up the settlers along an imaginary line, and they fired off a gun, and the settlers roared across the countryside and put down a stake, and wherever they put down that stake, that was their new home. And at the end of the very first day, the population of Oklahoma City had gone from zero to 10,000, and our planning department is still paying for that. The citizens got together on that first day and elected a mayor. And then they shot him. (Laughter) That's not really all that funny -- (Laughter) -- but it allows me to see what type of audience I'm dealing with, so I appreciate the feedback.
Oklahoma Siti je nastala na najneobičniji način koji je moguće zamisliti. Vratimo se na jedan prolećni dan godine 1889., federalna vlada je održala ono što oni nazivaju trkom za zemlju. Oni su doslovno postrojili koloniste duž zamišljene linije, opalili pištoljem, a kolonisti su jurili kroz seoski predeo i zaboli kolac i gde god da zabodu taj kolac, to bi bio njihov novi dom. A na samom kraju prvog dana, populacija Oklahoma Sitija porasla je sa 0 na 10.000 a Direkcija za planiranje i izgradnju još uvek plaća za to. Građani su se okupili tog prvog dana i izabrali gradonačelnika. A onda su ga upucali. (Smeh) To i nije baš toliko smešno - (Smeh) - ali mi omogućuje da vidim kakva je publika sa kojom imam posla, pa cenim povratnu informaciju.
The 20th century was fairly kind to Oklahoma City. Our economy was based on commodities, so the price of cotton or the price of wheat, and ultimately the price of oil and natural gas. And along the way, we became a city of innovation. The shopping cart was invented in Oklahoma City. (Applause) The parking meter, invented in Oklahoma City. You're welcome.
20. vek je bio naročito blag prema Oklahoma Sitiju. Ekonomija se zasnivala na robi, pa je cena pamuka ili cena žita, a na kraju cena nafte i prirodnog gasa. I usput, postali smo grad inovacije. Korpa za kupovinu je izmišljena u Oklahoma Sitiju. (Aplauz) Mašina za naplatu parkinga, izmišljena u Oklahoma Sitiju. Nema na čemu.
Having an economy, though, that relates to commodities can give you some ups and some downs, and that was certainly the case in Oklahoma City's history. In the 1970s, when it appeared that the price of energy would never retreat, our economy was soaring, and then in the early 1980s, it cratered quickly. The price of energy dropped. Our banks began to fail. Before the end of the decade, 100 banks had failed in the state of Oklahoma. There was no bailout on the horizon. Our banking industry, our oil and gas industry, our commercial real estate industry, were all at the bottom of the economic scale. Young people were leaving Oklahoma City in droves for Washington and Dallas and Houston and New York and Tokyo, anywhere where they could find a job that measured up to their educational attainment, because in Oklahoma City, the good jobs just weren't there.
Ipak, imati privredu koja se zasniva na robi može da donese neke uspone i padove, što je sigurno bio slučaj u istoriji Oklahoma Sitija. '70-ih, kada se činilo da se cena energije neće više smanjivati, naša privreda je osetno porasla, i onda početkom '80-ih godina 20. veka, naglo je opala. Cena energije je pala. Banke su počele da propadaju. Pre kraja decenije, propalo je stotinu banaka u državi Oklahoma. Na vidiku nije bilo rešenja. Bankarstvo, naftna i gasna industrija, industrija komercijalnih nekretnina, svi su bili na dnu ekonomske lestvice. Mladi ljudi su masovno napuštali Oklahoma Siti odlazeći u Vašington, Dalas, Hjuston, Njujork i Tokio, svuda gde bi mogli da nađu posao u skladu sa stečenim obrazovanjem, zato što u Oklahoma Sitiju dobrih poslova nije bilo.
But along at the end of the '80s came an enterprising businessman who became mayor named Ron Norick. Ron Norick eventually figured out that the secret to economic development wasn't incentivizing companies up front, it was about creating a place where businesses wanted to locate, and so he pushed an initiative called MAPS that basically was a penny-on-the-dollar sales tax to build a bunch of stuff. It built a new sports arena, a new canal downtown, it fixed up our performing arts center, a new baseball stadium downtown, a lot of things to improve the quality of life. And the economy indeed seemed to start showing some signs of life.
Ali pri kraju osamdesetih pojavio se smeo poslovan čovek koji je postao gladonačelnik, po imenu Ron Norik. Ron Norik je konačno shvatio da tajna za privredni razvoj nije u podsticanju kompanija unapred, već u stvaranju mesta gde će poslovni ljudi želeti da budu i stoga je pokrenuo inicijativu po imenu MAPS, što je u osnovi bila taksa od nisko postavljene rasprodaje da bi se izgradilo mnogo toga. Sagradili smo novu sportsku halu, novi kanal u poslovnom delu grada, uredili smo centar izvođačkih umetnosti novi bejzbol stadion u poslovnom delu grada, mnogo toga da poboljšamo kvalitet života. I privreda je naizgled zaista počela da pokazuje poboljšanje.
The next mayor came along. He started MAPS for Kids, rebuilt the entire inner city school system, all 75 buildings either built anew or refurbished.
Došao je novi gradonačelnik. Započeo je MAPS inicijativu za decu, obnovio je ceo školski sistem u starom delu grada, svih 75 zgrada su bile izgrađene ponovo ili obnovljene.
And then, in 2004, in this rare collective lack of judgment bordering on civil disobedience, the citizens elected me mayor.
I onda, 2004. godine, tokom retkog zajedničkog nedostatka rasuđivanja suočavajući se sa građanskom neposlušnošću, građani su izabrali mene za gradonačelnika.
Now the city I inherited was just on the verge of coming out of its slumbering economy, and for the very first time, we started showing up on the lists. Now you know the lists I'm talking about. The media and the Internet love to rank cities. And in Oklahoma City, we'd never really been on lists before. So I thought it was kind of cool when they came out with these positive lists and we were on there. We weren't anywhere close to the top, but we were on the list, we were somebody. Best city to get a job, best city to start a business, best downtown -- Oklahoma City.
Grad koji sam nasledio bio je gotovo spreman da procveta iz loše ekonomije, i po prvi put, počeli smo da se pojavljujemo na listama. Znate o kakvim listama govorim. Mediji i internet obožavaju da rangiraju gradove. I Oklahoma Siti, mi nikada pre nismo bili ni na jednoj listi. Stoga sam mislio da je na neki način kul kada su objavili pozitivne liste, a mi smo bili na njima. Nismo bili nigde pri vrhu, ali smo bili na listi, bili smo neko. Najbolji grad za zaposlenje, najbolji grad da se započne biznis, najbolji poslovni centar - Oklahoma Siti.
And then came the list of the most obese cities in the country. And there we were.
I onda je izašla lista gradova sa najgojaznijim stanovništvom u državi. I na toj listi smo se pojavili.
Now I like to point out that we were on that list with a lot of really cool places. (Laughter) Dallas and Houston and New Orleans and Atlanta and Miami. You know, these are cities that, typically, you're not embarrassed to be associated with. But nonetheless, I didn't like being on the list.
Voleo bih da istaknem da smo bili na toj listi sa mnogim drugim kul gradovima. (Smeh) Dalas, Hjuston i Nju Orleans i Atlanta i Majami. Znate, ovi gradovi su oni sa kojima vas tipično nije sramota da budete dovedeni u vezu. Međutim, nije mi se dopalo što smo na takvoj listi.
And about that time, I got on the scales. And I weighed 220 pounds. And then I went to this website sponsored by the federal government, and I typed in my height, I typed in my weight, and I pushed Enter, and it came back and said "obese."
I otprilike u to vreme, izmerio sam se na vagi. I imao sam oko 100 kilograma. Onda sam posetio ovaj vebsajt koji je sponzorisala gradska vlada, ukucao sam visinu i težinu, i pritisao dugme Enter, dobio sam povratnu informaciju - "nezdrava debljina".
I thought, "What a stupid website." (Laughter) "I'm not obese. I would know if I was obese."
Pomislio sam: "Kakav glupi vebsajt." (Smeh) "Nisam ja gojazan. Znao bih da sam gojazan."
And then I started getting honest with myself about what had become my lifelong struggle with obesity, and I noticed this pattern, that I was gaining about two or three pounds a year, and then about every 10 years, I'd drop 20 or 30 pounds. And then I'd do it again. And I had this huge closet full of clothes, and I could only wear a third of it at any one time, and only I knew which part of the closet I could wear. But it all seemed fairly normal, going through it.
I onda sam bio iskren sa samim sobom o onome što je postala moja duga životna borba sa debljinom i uočio sam sledeću šemu, da sam povećavao kilažu za oko kilogram do dva godišnje, i onda na svaku desetu godinu, smršao bih oko 10 do 20 kilograma. I onda bih sve ponovio. I imao sam ogroman plakar pun odeće, a samo trećinu sam mogao da obučem bilo kad, i samo sam ja znao koji deo odeće iz ormana sam mogao da nosim. Ali da prolazim kroz sve to činilo mi se uobičajenim.
Well, I finally decided I needed to lose weight, and I knew I could because I'd done it so many times before, so I simply stopped eating as much. I had always exercised. That really wasn't the part of the equation that I needed to work on. But I had been eating 3,000 calories a day, and I cut it to 2,000 calories a day, and the weight came off. I lost about a pound a week for about 40 weeks.
Onda sam konačno odlučio da moram da smršam, i znao sam da mogu, jer sam toliko puta pre uspeo u tome, stoga sam jednostavno prestao da jedem puno. Uvek sam vežbao. Ali to nije bio deo jednačine na kojem sam morao da poradim. Ali sam nekada uzimao 3.000 kalorija dnevno, i smanjio sam na 2.000 kalorija dnevno, I težina je otišla. Gubio sam oko pola kilograma nedeljno za 40 nedelja.
Along the way, though, I started examining my city, its culture, its infrastructure, trying to figure out why our specific city seemed to have a problem with obesity. And I came to the conclusion that we had built an incredible quality of life if you happen to be a car. (Laughter) But if you happen to be a person, you are combatting the car seemingly at every turn. Our city is very spread out. We have a great intersection of highways, I mean, literally no traffic congestion in Oklahoma City to speak of. And so people live far, far away. Our city limits are enormous, 620 square miles, but 15 miles is less than 15 minutes. You literally can get a speeding ticket during rush hour in Oklahoma City. And as a result, people tend to spread out. Land's cheap. We had also not required developers to build sidewalks on new developments for a long, long time. We had fixed that, but it had been relatively recently, and there were literally 100,000 or more homes into our inventory in neighborhoods that had virtually no level of walkability.
Tokom toga, ipak, počeo sam da proučavam moj grad, njegovu kulturu, infrastrukturu, pokušavajući da uočim zašto naš posebni grad izgleda ima problema sa gojaznošću. I zaključio sam da smo izgradili neverovatno kvalitetan život ako ste kojim slučajem automobil. (Smeh) Ali ako ste slučajno osoba, izgleda kao da se borite sa automobilima pri svakom skretanju. Naš grad je dosta raširen. Veliki broj autoputeva se ukršta. Bukvalno nema šta da se kaže o zagušenjima u saobraćaju u Oklahoma Sitiju. Stoga ljudi žive daleko. Granice grada su ogromne, oko 1200 kvadratnih kilometara, ali je 24 kilometara manje od 15 minuta. I bukvalno možete da dobijete kaznu za prebrzu vožnju tokom najveće gužve u Oklahoma Sitiju. I kao rezultat, ljudi su nameravali da prošire grad. Zemlja je jeftina. Takođe dosta dugo nismo zahtevali od preduzimača da izgrade trotoar u našim stambenim naseljima. Ispravili smo to, ali se to dogodilo relativno nedavno, i bukvalno je postojalo 100 000 ili više domova na našem spisku u susedstvima gde ljudi nisu imali praktično gde da hodaju.
And as I tried to examine how we might deal with obesity, and was taking all of these elements into my mind, I decided that the first thing we need to do was have a conversation. You see, in Oklahoma City, we weren't talking about obesity. And so, on New Year's Eve of 2007, I went to the zoo, and I stood in front of the elephants, and I said, "This city is going on a diet, and we're going to lose a million pounds."
I dok sam pokušavao da proučavam kako bismo mogli da izađemo na kraj sa gojaznošću, i skupljao sve te činioce u glavi, odlučio sam da je prva stvar koju moramo da uradimo jeste da razgovaramo. Vidite, u Oklahoma Sitiju, nismo pričali o gojaznosti. I tako, u novogodišnjoj noći 2007. godine, otišao sam u zoo vrt, i stao ispred slonova, i rekao "Grad ide na dijetu, i izgubićemo bar 500 000 kilograma."
Well, that's when all hell broke loose.
I tad je sve krenulo naopako.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
The national media gravitated toward this story immediately, and they really could have gone with it one of two ways. They could have said, "This city is so fat that the mayor had to put them on a diet." But fortunately, the consensus was, "Look, this is a problem in a lot of places. This is a city that's wanting to do something about it." And so they started helping us drive traffic to the website. Now, the web address was thiscityisgoingonadiet.com. And I appeared on "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" one weekday morning to talk about the initiative, and on that day, 150,000 visits were placed to our website. People were signing up, and so the pounds started to add up, and the conversation that I thought was so important to have was starting to take place. It was taking place inside the homes, mothers and fathers talking about it with their kids. It was taking place in churches. Churches were starting their own running groups and their own support groups for people who were dealing with obesity. Suddenly, it was a topic worth discussing at schools and in the workplace. And the large companies, they typically have wonderful wellness programs, but the medium-sized companies that typically fall between the cracks on issues like this, they started to get engaged and used our program as a model for their own employees to try and have contests to see who might be able to deal with their obesity situation in a way that could be proactively beneficial to others.
Nacionalni mediji su neposredno težili ka ovoj priči, i mogli su da se izbore sa tim na jedan od dva načina. Mogli su da kažu: "Ovaj grad je toliko debeo da je gradonačelnik morao da ih stavi na dijetu." Ali srećom, stav većine je bio: "Vidite, ovo je problem mnogih gradova. Ovo je grad koji želi da uradi nešto povodom toga." I tako su počeli da nam pomažu da dovedemo ljude do sajta. Veb adresa je bila thiscityisgoingonadiet.com. I gostovao sam u emisiji "Šou Elen Dedženers" jednog jutra da pričam o inicijativi i toga dana, 150 000 poseta je zabeleženo na sajtu. Ljudi su se prijavljivali, a kilogrami se dodavali, a razgovor koji sam smatrao toliko značajnim je počeo. O tome se razgovaralo u domovima, roditelji su o tome pričali sa decom. Razgovaralo se i u crkvama. Crkve su započele svoje grupe za trčanje i grupe za podršku za ljude koji se bore protiv viška kilograma. Odjednom je to bila tema vredna diskusija u školama i na radnim mestima. A velike kompanije, tipično imaju predivne velnes programe, ali srednje kompanije koje su tipično nezapažene u ovakvim problemima, prilagodile su se i počele su da koriste naš program kao model za sopstvene zaposlene da se potrude i takmiče da vide ko bi mogao biti sposoban da se izbori sa viškom kilograma na način koji bi bio proaktivno blagotvoran za druge.
And then came the next stage of the equation. It was time to push what I called MAPS 3. Now MAPS 3, like the other two programs, had had an economic development motive behind it, but along with the traditional economic development tasks like building a new convention center, we added some health-related infrastructure to the process. We added a new central park, 70 acres in size, to be right downtown in Oklahoma City. We're building a downtown streetcar to try and help the walkability formula for people who choose to live in the inner city and help us create the density there. We're building senior health and wellness centers throughout the community. We put some investments on the river that had originally been invested upon in the original MAPS, and now we are currently in the final stages of developing the finest venue in the world for the sports of canoe, kayak and rowing. We hosted the Olympic trials last spring. We have Olympic-caliber events coming to Oklahoma City, and athletes from all over the world moving in, along with inner city programs to get kids more engaged in these types of recreational activities that are a little bit nontraditional. We also, with another initiative that was passed, are building hundreds of miles of new sidewalks throughout the metro area. We're even going back into some inner city situations where we had built neighborhoods and we had built schools but we had not connected the two. We had built libraries and we had built neighborhoods, but we had never really connected the two with any sort of walkability. Through yet another funding source, we're redesigning all of our inner city streets to be more pedestrian-friendly. Our streets were really wide, and you'd push the button to allow you to walk across, and you had to run in order to get there in time. But now we've narrowed the streets, highly landscaped them, making them more pedestrian-friendly, really a redesign, rethinking the way we build our infrastructure, designing a city around people and not cars. We're completing our bicycle trail master plan. We'll have over 100 miles when we're through building it out.
I onda je nastupila sledeća faza jednačine. Bilo je vreme da se progura ono što ja zovem MAPS 3. MAPS 3, kao prethodna dva programa, imala je ekonomski razvoj kao motiv u pozadini, ali tradicionalnim zadacima za ekonomsko razvijanje, kao što je izgradnja nove kongresne sale, ovom procesu smo dodali neke infrastrukture koje se tiču zdravlja. Dodali smo novi glavni park, oko 284 metara kvadratna, u samom centru poslovnog dela Oklahoma Sitija. Izgradili smo šine za tramvaj u poslovnom delu grada da bismo pomogli formulu za prohodnost za ljude koji su odabrali da žive u centru grada i pomogli da povećamo gustinu naseljenosti tamo. Izgrađujemo veći broj viših zdravstvenih i velnes centara u zajednici. Uložili smo u reku u koju je prvobitno bilo uloženo u originalnoj inicijativi MAPS, a trenutno se nalazimo na konačnim koracima razvijanja najlepše ulice na svetu za sportove kao što su veslanje kanuom, kajakom ili čamcem na veslanje. Ugostili smo pripreme na Olimpijadu prošlog proleća. A imamo događaje olimpijskog karaktera u Oklahoma Sitiju, i sportisti iz celog sveta dolaze, zajedno sa programima starog dela grada da bismo zainteresovali decu za ovakve vrste rekreacije koje su malo netradicionalne. Mi takođe, sa drugom inicijativom koja je usvojena, izgrađujemo kilometre i kilometre novog trotoara duž oblasti metroa. Čak smo se i vratili nekim problemima starog grada gde smo nekada izgradili susedstva i škole ali nismo to povezali. Izgradili smo biblioteke i susedstva, ali ih zapravo nismo povezali bilo kakvim trotoarom. Kroz pak drugi izvor finansija, izmenili smo izgled ulica starog dela grada da više budu za pešake. Naše ulice su bile prilično široke, i morali ste da pritisnete dugme da biste mogli da pređete ulicu, i morali ste da trčite da biste stigli na vreme. Ali sada smo suzili ulice, poprilično ih prilagodili i estetski uredili za pešake, zaista smo ih izmenili u smislu izgradnje infrastrukture, izgradnje grada za ljude, a ne automobile. Završavamo urbanistički plan za biciklističku stazu. I imaćemo preko 160 kilometara kada je budemo izgradili.
And so you see this culture starting to shift in Oklahoma City. And lo and behold, the demographic changes that are coming with it are very inspiring. Highly educated twentysomethings are moving to Oklahoma City from all over the region and, indeed, even from further away, in California.
Vidite kako je kultura počela da se menja u Oklahoma Sitiju. I gle, demografske promene koje su to pratile bile su veoma inspirativne. Visoko obrazovani dvadesetogodišnjaci su se preselili u Oklahoma Siti iz čitavog regiona i zaista, čak iz najdaljih mesta poput Kalifornije.
When we reached a million pounds, in January of 2012, I flew to New York with some our participants who had lost over 100 pounds, whose lives had been changed, and we appeared on the Rachael Ray show, and then that afternoon, I did a round of media in New York pushing the same messages that you're accustomed to hearing about obesity and the dangers of it. And I went into the lobby of Men's Fitness magazine, the same magazine that had put us on that list five years before. And as I'm sitting in the lobby waiting to talk to the reporter, I notice there's a magazine copy of the current issue right there on the table, and I pick it up, and I look at the headline across the top, and it says, "America's Fattest Cities: Do You Live in One?" Well, I knew I did, so I picked up the magazine and I began to look, and we weren't on it.
Kada smo dostigli blizu pola miliona kilograma, u Januaru 2012. godine, odleteo sam u Njujork sa nekim našim učesnicima koji su izgubili preko 50 kilograma, čiji su se životi promenili, i pojavili smo se u emisiji Rejčel Rej i potom tog popodneva, obišao sam medije u Njujorku šireći iste poruke na koje ste navikli da slušate, o gojaznosti i opasnostima iste. Otišao sam u uredništvo časopisa "Men's Fitness", taj isti časopis nas je stavio na tu listu pre pet godina. I dok čekam u hodniku da razgovaram sa izveštačem, primetio sam primerak najnovijeg izdanja časopisa koji se nalazio upravo na stolu, podigao sam ga i pogledao u naslov na vrhu koji glasi, "Američki najgojazniji gradovi: da li živite u jednom od njih?" No, znao sam da je tako, stoga sam podigao taj časopis i počeo da tražim, a nas tu nije bilo.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Then I looked on the list of fittest cities, and we were on that list. We were on the list as the 22nd fittest city in the United States. Our state health statistics are doing better. Granted, we have a long way to go. Health is still not something that we should be proud of in Oklahoma City, but we seem to have turned the cultural shift of making health a greater priority. And we love the idea of the demographics of highly educated twentysomethings, people with choices, choosing Oklahoma City in large numbers. We have the lowest unemployment in the United States, probably the strongest economy in the United States. And if you're like me, at some point in your educational career, you were asked to read a book called "The Grapes of Wrath." Oklahomans leaving for California in large numbers for a better future. When we look at the demographic shifts of people coming from the west, it appears that what we're seeing now is the wrath of grapes. (Laughter) (Applause) The grandchildren are coming home.
Onda sam pogledao na listu sa gradovima u najboljoj formi i bili smo na toj listi. Bili smo na toj listi kao 22. grad u SAD-u. Zdravstvena statistika u državi se poboljšavala. Razumljivo, ispred nas je dug put. Zdravljem još uvek ne možemo da se ponosimo u Oklahoma Sitiju, ali čini se da smo napravili kulturni preokret pri kom je zdravlje veći prioritet. I dopada nam se ideja o demografiji visokoobrazovanih dvadesetogodišnjaka, ljudi sa izborima, koji biraju Oklahoma Siti u velikom broju. Imamo najmanju stopu nezaposlenosti u SAD-u. verovatno i najrazvijeniju ekonomiju u SAD-u. I ako ste kao ja, u nekom trenutku u vašem obrazovanju, morali ste da pročitate knjigu "Plodovi gneva". Oklahomčani koji odlaze u Kaliforniju u velikom broju zbog bolje budućnosti. Kada pogledamo demografske promene ljudi koji dolaze sa zapada, čini se da to što sada vidimo jeste gnev plodova. (Smeh) (Aplauz) Unuci se vraćaju domovini. Vi ste bili divna i pažljiva publika
You've been a great audience and very attentive. Thank you very much for having me here.
Hvala mnogo što ste me pozvali. (Aplauz)
(Applause)