Bean bags are awesome. But I see a few people out there who are standing, we've got some over here, and standing takes more work than lounging. Using the Live Strong Organization's online database of weight loss resources, you can calculate that by the time I'm done with this speech, those of you who are standing will have burned 7.5 more calories than those of you who are bean-bagging it. (Laughter) Okay, here's a question, speaking of weight loss, specifically weight, this speech is live. I'm actually here in front of you guys, we're all here together. But this speech is being recorded and it will become a video that people can access all over the world on computers, mobile devices, televisions. I weight about 190 pounds. How much will the video weigh? Asking questions like that is what I do every week on my channel Vsauce. For the last two years, I have been asking really fun questions, mind-boggling questions, and approaching them as sincerely as I can, celebrating scientific concepts and scientists. And I research and write and produce and host and edit and upload and run the social media all by myself, but it's not lonely, because Vsauce has more than 2 million subscribers, and every month, my videos are seen by more than 20 million people. Yeah. (Applause) It's very exciting. I've found that asking a strange question is a great way to get people in, not just people, but fans. And fans are different than just viewers or an audience, because fans want to come back. They subscribe to you on YouTube and they want to watch everything you've made and everything you plan to make in the future because we are curious people and sparking curiosity is great bait. It's a great way to catch a human. And once you've caught them, you have this captive audience that you can, with the goal in mind of answering the question, accidentally teach a lot of things to. So, let's take a look at some of my videos. Here are eight of them. But down here in the lower-right corner, "What Color is a Mirror?" When people see that, it's very difficult not to click, because you think, "Come on, are you serious? How could you possibly answer that question?" Well, so far, 7.6 million people have watched this five-minute video about what color a mirror is. And in that episode, I answer the question and I get a chance to explain what would normally be kind of dry topics: optics, diffuse versus specular reflection, how light works, how light works on the retina, and even the etymology of color terms like white and black. Okay, spoiler alert: mirrors are not clear, they are not silvery, like they're often illustrated. Mirrors, technically speaking, are just a tiny, tiny, little bit ... green. You can demonstrate this by putting two mirrors next to each other, facing so they reflect back and forth forever. Look down that infinite reflection, and it will get dimmer, because some light is lost or absorbed every time, but it will also become greener, because green light, that is light of a wavelength that we perceive as green, is best reflected by most mirrors. Okay, so, how much does a video weigh? Well, when you stream a video onto your computer, that information is temporarily stored using electrons. And the number of electrons on your device won't actually increase or decrease. But it takes energy to store them in one place, and, thanks to our friend Albert Einstein, we know that energy and mass are related. Okay, so here's the thing: let's say you're watching a YouTube video at a really nice resolution, 720p. Assuming a typical bit rate, we can figure that a minute of YouTube video is going to need to involve about 10 million electrons on your device. Plugging all those electrons and the energy it takes to hold them in the correct place for you to see the video, into that formula, we can figure out that one minute of YouTube video increases the mass of your computer by about 10 to the negative 19th grams. Written out, it looks like this. (Whistle) That's like nothing. You could call that nothing, and you wouldn't really get in trouble, because the best scales we've ever invented that we could try to use to actually to detect that change are only accurate to 10 to the negative 9th grams. So, we can't measure it, but we can, like we just did, calculate it. And that's really cool because when I was a kid, my school had two shelves of science books. That was really cool, but I read all of them within, like, two grades, and it was hard to get more books because books are heavy, you need space for them and moving books around is tougher than what we can do today. With numbers that small, I can fit thousands of books on my own little personal electronic reader. I can stream hours and hours and days and days of YouTube video without my computer ever getting measurably heavier. And as information becomes that light, it becomes a lot more democratic, meaning that more teachers and presenters and creators and viewers than ever before can be involved. Right now, on YouTube, there is an explosion of content like this happening. The three Vsauce channels are down there in the corner. But everyone else, all together, collectively, their views dwarf what I can do alone or with the people that I work with, and that is really, really exciting. It turns out that tapping into people's curiosity and responsibly answering their questions is a brilliant way to build fans and an audience and get in viewers. It's even a great way for brands and companies to build trust. So, calculating the weight of a video is kind of a funny question, but I cannot wait to see what we ask and answer next. As always, thanks for watching. (Applause)
豆袋坐垫很赞. 但我看见那边有些人 在站着呢, 这边也有一些, 站着其实比倚着要费力气。 假如我们使用“坚强生活基金会” (自行车手阿姆斯特朗创立的基金会) 网页上与减重相关的在线数据库, 你可以计算出 截止我演讲完毕 你们站着的那些人 就已然比倚在豆袋坐垫中听完演讲的人 多燃烧了7.5卡路里 好吧, 有个问题, 谈到减肥, 尤其是说到重量, 这个演讲是直播的. 我其实就站在你们面前, 我们都在一起呢. 但是这个演讲被录了下来 然后它会被做成一个视频 全世界人民都能 在电脑上 在移动设备上 和电视上看到. 我大概190磅重 (译者: 约合86公斤) 那这段视频的重量是多少? 问这种问题 就是我每周在我的频道(Vsauce)上做的事. 最近两年 我一直在问特别有意思的问题, 令人震惊的问题, 然后 尽可能真诚地试着解答它们, 以此来宣扬科学观念和科学家们. 我做调查 写作 制作 主持 编辑 然后上传 整个社会媒体都是我自己一个人在运作, 但(我)并不孤独 因为Vsauce 有超过2百万订阅者, 每个月我的视频 都有超过2千万的人观看. 没错. 很令人兴奋呢. 我发现问一个奇怪的问题 是个让大家感兴趣的极好办法, 不单单是吸引人, 更是吸引粉丝. 粉丝们和普通观看者、收听者不同 因为粉丝还想回来. 他们在YouTube上订阅你的频道 他们想看你制作过的所有内容 和未来将要制作的所有内容 因为我们是好奇心强的人 而激起好奇心是个极佳的诱饵. 是抓住一个人注意力的极佳方式. 而且一旦你抓住他们的注意力, 你就有了一个被俘获的听众 带着回答问题的目标 你就能意外地教给他们很多东西. 所以, 我们来看看我做过的一些视频. 这儿有8个. 但在右下角这个地方, "镜子是什么颜色的?" 当人家看到这个, 就很难不去点击. 因为你们在脑子里想: “哎哟我去, 你是认真的么? 你怎么可能答出这种问题呢?" 嘿至今760万人看过 这个时长5分钟的, 关于镜子是什么颜色的视频了. 而在这一期中, 我回答了这个问题 而我也有机会解释 一些正常情况下有点枯燥的话题: 光学, 漫射和镜面反射, 光如何传播, 光在视网膜上如何映射, 甚至是有关颜色的术语的语言学探讨 比如白和黑. 好吧, 剧透警告: 镜子不是清透的, 他们不是银色的, 好像他们经常被说成的样子. 镜子, 实际上来讲, 是一点点, 就一点点 绿色的. 来证明这一点 你可以通过把两面镜子相对摆放 这样一来 两面镜子会做无穷次的来回反射. 顺着无穷次反射看下去 它会变得越来越暗 因为每次反射都有一部分光丢失或被吸收了. 同时它也变得越来越偏绿色 因为绿光, 也就是说 我们认作是绿色的那个波长的光 是被大部分镜子反射得最好的一种光. 好吧, 那, 一个视频到底多重呢? 当你用电脑观看一个视频时, 信息借助电子 被暂时储存 而你设备上的电子数量 实际上不会增减. 但是, 把它们储存在一个特定地方是要耗能的, 而我们知道, 托我们的朋友阿尔伯特爱因斯坦的福, 能量和质量是相关的. 好, 所以这事儿是这样的: 假设你在看一个Youtube视频 分辨率特别高, 有720p. 假设比特率是通用型的, 那么我们可以算出来 Youtube视频一分钟 会牵涉你设备上的1千万的电子. 把这些电子的个数 和需要把这些电子放在正确位置上 让你观看视频的能量 代入到公式里, 我们能算出来 一分钟的Youtube视频 使你电脑的重量 增加了10^(-19)克. 把它展开写出来, 就是这样. 这没多少. 你可以说它根本和没有一样 也不会有什么问题 因为我们到目前为止发明出的 能被用来 检测出重量变化的最好的称 只能精确到10^(-9)克. 所以我们测不出来, 但是我们能(并且已经) 计算出来这个增加的数值 而这太酷了 因为在我的孩提时代, 我们学校有两书架的科普读物. 确实有不少, 可我在差不多两年之内就把它们都读完了, 很难获得更多的书 因为书很重 你需要找地方存放它们 而把书搬来搬去 比我们现今要难上许多. 就通过这么小一个数字, 我就可以在我的个人电子阅读器里 塞进上千本书. 我可以看上几小时 甚至几天的Youtube视频 我的电脑都不会有什么察觉得出来的重量变化 当信息变轻的时候, 它也变得越来越民主, 也就是说比原来更多的老师 演讲者 创作者 和观看者 可以参与进来. 现在在Youtube网站上 就有像这样的 信息大爆炸. 三个Vsauce频道 就在角落这里. 但是其他人 加在一起, 他们的观看数量使我一个人的能力 或是我共事的人们的能力 相形见绌. 而这真是非常, 非常令人兴奋的. 抓住人们的好奇心 并负责任的回答他们的问题 是个增加粉丝, 听众和观众 的极佳方法. 这甚至是品牌和公司 建立信誉的好方法. 所以说计算一个视频的重量, 好像是个滑稽的问题, 但是我等不及想要看到 我们下一个问出并解决的问题是什么. 一如往常, 谢谢观看.