Bean bags are awesome. But I see a few people out there who are standing, we've got some over here, and standing takes more work than lounging. Using the Live Strong Organization's online database of weight loss resources, you can calculate that by the time I'm done with this speech, those of you who are standing will have burned 7.5 more calories than those of you who are bean-bagging it. (Laughter) Okay, here's a question, speaking of weight loss, specifically weight, this speech is live. I'm actually here in front of you guys, we're all here together. But this speech is being recorded and it will become a video that people can access all over the world on computers, mobile devices, televisions. I weight about 190 pounds. How much will the video weigh? Asking questions like that is what I do every week on my channel Vsauce. For the last two years, I have been asking really fun questions, mind-boggling questions, and approaching them as sincerely as I can, celebrating scientific concepts and scientists. And I research and write and produce and host and edit and upload and run the social media all by myself, but it's not lonely, because Vsauce has more than 2 million subscribers, and every month, my videos are seen by more than 20 million people. Yeah. (Applause) It's very exciting. I've found that asking a strange question is a great way to get people in, not just people, but fans. And fans are different than just viewers or an audience, because fans want to come back. They subscribe to you on YouTube and they want to watch everything you've made and everything you plan to make in the future because we are curious people and sparking curiosity is great bait. It's a great way to catch a human. And once you've caught them, you have this captive audience that you can, with the goal in mind of answering the question, accidentally teach a lot of things to. So, let's take a look at some of my videos. Here are eight of them. But down here in the lower-right corner, "What Color is a Mirror?" When people see that, it's very difficult not to click, because you think, "Come on, are you serious? How could you possibly answer that question?" Well, so far, 7.6 million people have watched this five-minute video about what color a mirror is. And in that episode, I answer the question and I get a chance to explain what would normally be kind of dry topics: optics, diffuse versus specular reflection, how light works, how light works on the retina, and even the etymology of color terms like white and black. Okay, spoiler alert: mirrors are not clear, they are not silvery, like they're often illustrated. Mirrors, technically speaking, are just a tiny, tiny, little bit ... green. You can demonstrate this by putting two mirrors next to each other, facing so they reflect back and forth forever. Look down that infinite reflection, and it will get dimmer, because some light is lost or absorbed every time, but it will also become greener, because green light, that is light of a wavelength that we perceive as green, is best reflected by most mirrors. Okay, so, how much does a video weigh? Well, when you stream a video onto your computer, that information is temporarily stored using electrons. And the number of electrons on your device won't actually increase or decrease. But it takes energy to store them in one place, and, thanks to our friend Albert Einstein, we know that energy and mass are related. Okay, so here's the thing: let's say you're watching a YouTube video at a really nice resolution, 720p. Assuming a typical bit rate, we can figure that a minute of YouTube video is going to need to involve about 10 million electrons on your device. Plugging all those electrons and the energy it takes to hold them in the correct place for you to see the video, into that formula, we can figure out that one minute of YouTube video increases the mass of your computer by about 10 to the negative 19th grams. Written out, it looks like this. (Whistle) That's like nothing. You could call that nothing, and you wouldn't really get in trouble, because the best scales we've ever invented that we could try to use to actually to detect that change are only accurate to 10 to the negative 9th grams. So, we can't measure it, but we can, like we just did, calculate it. And that's really cool because when I was a kid, my school had two shelves of science books. That was really cool, but I read all of them within, like, two grades, and it was hard to get more books because books are heavy, you need space for them and moving books around is tougher than what we can do today. With numbers that small, I can fit thousands of books on my own little personal electronic reader. I can stream hours and hours and days and days of YouTube video without my computer ever getting measurably heavier. And as information becomes that light, it becomes a lot more democratic, meaning that more teachers and presenters and creators and viewers than ever before can be involved. Right now, on YouTube, there is an explosion of content like this happening. The three Vsauce channels are down there in the corner. But everyone else, all together, collectively, their views dwarf what I can do alone or with the people that I work with, and that is really, really exciting. It turns out that tapping into people's curiosity and responsibly answering their questions is a brilliant way to build fans and an audience and get in viewers. It's even a great way for brands and companies to build trust. So, calculating the weight of a video is kind of a funny question, but I cannot wait to see what we ask and answer next. As always, thanks for watching. (Applause)
Vreće za sedenje su fenomenalne. Ali, vidim tamo nekoliko ljudi koji stoje, ima nekih i ovde, i stajanje zahteva više truda od ležanja. Koristeći podatke sa interneta organizacije "Živeti jako" o metodama za gubljenje težine, možete da izračunate da kada završim ovaj govor, vi koji stojite ćete sagoreti 7,5 više kalorija od vas koji leškarite. Okej, evo pitanja, govoreći o gubitku težine, preciznije o težini, ovaj govor ide uživo. Ja sam upravo ovde ispred vas, svi smo zajedno ovde. Ali, ovaj govor se snima i postaće video kojem ljudi širom sveta mogu da pristupe preko kompjutera, mobilnih uređaja, televizije. Ja sam težak oko 86 kilograma. Koliko će video biti težak? Takva pitanja su tema svake nedelje na mom kanalu "Vsauce." Poslednje dve godine postavljam veoma zanimljiva pitanja, zapanjujuća pitanja, i pristupam im najiskrenije što mogu, slaveći naučne koncepte i naučnike. I ja istražujem i pišem i stvaram, vodim, menjam i postavljam i sam vodim društvene mreže, ali, nije samotno, jer "Vsauce" ima preko 2 miliona pretplatnika i svakog meseca, moje snimke vidi više od 20 miliona ljudi. Da. Veoma je uzbudljivo. Shvatio sam da su čudna pitanja sjajan način da privučete ljude, ne samo ljude, nego fanove. A fanovi se razlikuju od gledalaca ili publike jer fanovi žele da se vrate. Oni te prate na Jutjubu i žele da vide sve što napraviš i sve što planiraš da napraviš u budućnosti jer mi smo radoznali ljudi i pobuđivanje radoznalosti je sjajan mamac. To je sjajan način da namamite čoveka. I jednom kad ste ga uhvatili, dobijate tu očaranu publiku, koju možete, sa namerom da odgovarate na pitanja, slučajno naučiti mnogo toga. Hajde da pogledamo neke od mojih videa. Ovde ih je osam. Ali, ovde u donjem desnom uglu, "Koje boje je ogledalo?" Kada vidite to, Teško je da ne kliknete, jer mislite: "Ma daj, ozbiljno? Kako bi uopšte mogao da odgovoriš na to pitanje?" Do sada je 7,6 miliona ljudi pregledalo ovaj petominutni video o boji ogledala. I u ovoj epizodi ja odgovaram na pitanje i imam priliku da objasnim teme koje bi inače bile suvoparne: optiku, difuznu i tačkastu refleksiju, kako funkcioniše svetlost, kako svetlost deluje na mrežnjaču, pa čak i etimologiju naziva za boje kao što su belo i crno. Okej, sad ću vam upropastiti gledanje: ogledala nisu čista, nisu srebrnasta kao što se često predstavljaju. Ogledala su, tehnički govoreći, samo malim, malim, delićem zelena. Ovo možete dokazati stavljajući dva ogledala jedno naspram drugog, tako da se ogledaju jedno u drugom beskonačno. Pogledajte tu beskrajnu refleksiju, postajaće zamagljenija, jer se deo svetlosti svaki put izgubi ili apsorbuje, ali će takođe postajati zelenija, jer zelena svetlost, to je boja talasne dužine koju mi doživljavamo kao zelenu, najbolje se reflektuje kroz većinu ogledala. Okej, dakle, koliko je težak video? Kada pustite video na kompjuteru, ta informacija se privremeno skladišti pomoću elektrona. I broj elektrona na vašem uređaju se neće zapravo povećavati i smanjivati. Ali potrebna je energija da ih memoriše na jednom mestu, i mi znamo, zahvaljujući našem prijatelju Albertu Ajnštajnu, da su energija i masa povezane. Okej, evo o čemu se radi: recimo da gledate video na Jutjubu u stvarno dobroj rezoluciji, 720p. Uz tipičan protok bitova, možemo da zaključimo da će za minut videa na Jutjubu biti potrebno da učestvuje oko 10 miliona elektrona na vašem uređaju. Sakupljanje svih tih elektrona i energija potrebna da ih drži na pravom mestu, kako biste pogledali snimak po ovoj formuli, možemo da zaključimo da jedan minut snimka na Jutjubu povećava masu vašeg kompjutera do oko 10^-19 grama. Ispisano, to izgleda ovako. To izgleda kao ništa. To je, možete ga nazvati ništa, i nećete zaista imati problema, jer najbolji merači koje smo ikad izmislili, koje bismo mogli da iskoristimo da stvarno detektujemo takvu promenu, su precizni samo do 10^-9 grama. Dakle, ne možemo da izmerimo, ali možemo, kao što upravo i jesmo, da izračunamo. I to je stvarno super, jer kad sam bio dete, moja škola je imala dve police sa naučnim knjigama. To je stvarno bilo super, ali ja sam ih sve pročitao za neke dve godine, i bilo je teško nabaviti još knjiga, jer knjige su teške i potreban vam je prostor za njih i prenošenje knjiga je mnogo teže od onoga što danas možemo. Sa tako malim brojevima, mogu da smestim hiljade knjiga na moj mali e-čitač. Mogu da puštam sate i sate i dane i dane snimaka na Jutjubu a da moj kompjuter ne postane merljivo teži. I kako informacija postaje tako laka, postaje i mnogo više demokratska, u smislu da više nastavnika i predavača i stvaralaca i gledalaca, više nego ikada, može biti uključeno. Trenutno se na Jutjubu dešava eksplozija sadržaja kao što je ovaj. Tri "Vsauce" kanala su tamo dole u uglu. Ali svi ostali, zajedno, kolektivno, njihovi pregledi mogu da umanje ono što ja radim sam ili sa ljudima sa kojima radim, i to je stvarno, stvarno uzbudljivo. Izgleda da golicanje ljudske radoznalosti i revnosno odgovaranje na pitanja je sjajan način da pridobijete fanove i publiku i privučete gledaoce. To je čak i sjajan način da brendovi i kompanije izgrade poverenje. Dakle, računanje težine videa je nekako zabavno pitanje, ali ja jedva čekam da vidim šta ćemo sledeće da pitamo i odgovoramo. Kao i uvek, hvala na gledanju.